Earticle

An auxin-producing bacteria (A-1) was isolated from soils of Oyster mushroom farmhouse in Daejeon city, South Korea. The strain A-1 was classified as a novel strain of Ochrobactrum anthropi based on a chemotaxanomic and phylogenetic analyses. The isolate was confirmed to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), one of auxin hormones, by TLC and HPLC analyses. The maximum concentration of IAA, 5.6 mg L-1 was detected from the culture broth of O. anthropi A-1 incubated for 24 h at 35oC in R2A broth containing 0.1% L-tryptophan. To investigate the growth-promoting effects to the crops, the culture broth of O. anthropi A-1 was inoculated to water cultures and seed pots of mung bean as well as lettuce. In consequence, the adventitious root induction and root growth of mung bean and lettuce were 2.7 and 1.4 times higher than those of the non-inoculated, respectively

Physiological activities of 70% methanol, fermented ethanol and hot-water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii were investigated. Free radical scavenging activities of P. eryngii extracts were determined according to the elimination of DPPH radicals. Their nitrite scavenging activity and total polyphenol content were also determined. Amino acid analysis showed that phenylalanine (Phe) and glutamic acid (Glu) are most abundant essential and non-essential amino acids in the analyzed extracts. The hot-water extract of ASI 2394 represented the highest antioxidant activity with the DPPH radical scavenging rate value of 40.97±1.65%. ASI 2820 displayed the superior capacity to eliminate nitrate regardless of extraction solvents. The hot-water extract of ASI 2887 had the highest content of polyphenol. Our results showed that P. eryngii is well qualified as a functional food.

In the structural investigation of cultivation facilities, the proportion of farmers to grown with double or triple structure were investigated 96%. It has been shown to grow with a stable cultivation facilities structure against environmental changes. The results of the analysis of the changes in the cultivation environment of Yeoju area in July-august, temperature and humidity of the external instrument shelter was 20.2~29.9oC and 66.2~99.9% respectively. In the greenhouse 2 model capable of temperature environment regulation in the cultivation facility, temperature and humidity were investigated 19.3~25.7oC and 81.6~99.9% respectively. Result of the survey of fruiting body characteristics and yields in the greenhous 2, pileus diameter and stipe length were investigated 66.2 and 54.1 mm, yield of mushroom and individual weight were 312 g and 26.6 g. High-temperature environment regulation shows the improvement of the quality and productivity of the mushroom. Power consumption of the air conditioning has been investigated using 56kwh/day, electricity costs were calculated 2195 won/day.

We cultivated 117 hybrid strains of Lentinula edodes in greenhouse. 5 hybrid strains(07-55, 07-66, 07-84, 07-93 and 07-117) were selected from comparison of their characteristics of fruiting body and productivity. Biological efficiency of 5 hybrid strains was investigated 36.1(07-66), 35.6(07-117), 27.1(07-93), 25.7(07-84) and 6.5%(07-55), respectively. Selected strains 07-66, 07-117 and 07-93 showed high biological efficiency but observed commercially low quality fruiting body. Temperature type of fruiting body of 5 hybrid strains observed as follows high temperature type(07-117), mid temperature type(07-66 and 07-84) and low temperature type(07-55 and 07-93). Temperature type of fruiting body of 07-93 strain has wide range relatively. In the results, 07-84 strain was selected finally with consideration for quality of fruiting body, productivity and temperature type(8-21oC) in farm test.

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum rate of substrate composition in bottle cultivation of Grifola frondosa and had three rates of substrate composition of 67:11:22(T1), 68:15:17(T2) and 74:14:12(T3) as mixing rate of weight of dried oak sawdust, dried corn husk and dried bean-curd refuse. The rate of primordia formation of T3 was 65.8% which was lowest among all treatments. Contraction rate of disease of T1 was 9.8% which was highest among all treatments. Harvesting rate of T2 was 70.5% which was highest among all treatments. Fruit body weights per bottle of T1 and T2 were 85.5 g, 83.3 g respectively and there was not significant difference between those. Yield per 10,000 bottles of T2 was 587 kg and was 7%, 28% higher than those of T1 and T3, respectively. As a result, the rate of substrate composition of 68:15:17(T2) as mixing rate of weight of dried oak sawdust, dried corn husk and dried bean-curd refuse was appeared as optimum rate of substrate composition in bottle cultivation of Grifola frondosa..

In order to isolate compost-promoting bacteria with high activity of cellulase and xylanase, spent mushroom substrates with sawdust were collected from mushroom cultivation farm, Jinju, Gyeongnam in Korea. Among of the isolates, one strain, designated CA105 was selected by agar diffusion method. The strain CA105 was identified as members of the Bacillus subtilis by biochemical characteristics using VITEK 2 system. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that isolate CA105 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus subtilis with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9%. On the basis of its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, isolate CA105 was classified within the genus Bacillus subtilis, for which the name Bacillus subtilis CA105 is proposed. The cellulase and xylanase activity of B. subtilis CA105 was slightly increased according to bacterial population from exponential phase to stationary phase in growth curve for Bacillus sp. CA105.

This study was carried out to re-use the post-harvest substrate of Pleurotus pulmonarius. In this study, we used two mixing ratio. First, a mixing ratio is developed by Gangwon Province Agriculturl Research and Extension Services[Poplar sawdust(10)+Cottonseed hull(50)+Cottonseed mal(20)+Beet pulp(20)]. Second, mixing ratio is developed by farmers[Poplar sawdust(60)+Cottonseed hull(10)+Cottonseed mal(10)+Beet pulp(20)]. First mixing ratio research results, Hosan was no difference in the yield by 30%, Yield of the Hwasan has increased by 20%. Second mixing ratio research results, Hosan was no difference in the yield by 20%. However, Hwasan has decreased.

This study was carried out to investigated the avaiability of dried Koojongsi persimmon peels (KPP) as a useful mushroom medium using Pleurotus eryngii ASI 2312. Mushroom cultivation medium used in this study was mixed with medium mixture, corn cob and sawdust (220:65:15, v/v). Dried KPP was replaced mushroom cultivation medium (control) with 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50% dried KPP. The T-N content of dried KPP treatments decreased to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP and C/N ratio was increased to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP. But T-C content of dried KPP treatments was similar to untreated control. The average cultivating periods of mycelium on dried KPP treatments was delayed to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP and cultivating periods was delayed over 30% dried KPP treatments. The length of stipe of dried KPP treatments was longer than that of the untreated control to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP and thickness of stipes was tend to be thinner than that of the untreated control to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP. The moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein and crude ash content of mycelial were similar to untreated control, but crude fatty acid was increased to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP. The β-glucan content of 10% and 15% treatments were higher than untreatment control. The results based on cultivation yield and β-glucan content indicated that optimal mixture ratio dried KPP was 15%.

This study was carried out for examining the amount of ganoderic acid A, F, H from fruiting body extracts of the various Ganoderma species. The preserved Ganoderma species are extracted by using three kinds of solvent. Among them, five strains which have the large amount of ganoderic acid A, F, H were selected. First of all, Strains with the highest amount of ganoderic acid A were sorted out acorrding to solvent as follows. ASI 7013 has the highest amounts with 0.988 mg/g from D.W. extracts. And ASI 7023, 7059, 7026, 7060 were in order of content. In EtOH extracts, ASI 7037 has the highest amounts of ganoderic acid A with 0.940 mg/g. And ASI 7021, 7034, 7026, 7038 were in order of content. In MeOH extracts, ASI 7162 has the highest amounts with 0.833 mg/g. And ASI 7091, 7032, 7056, 7125 were in order of content. secondly, Strains with the highest amount of ganoderic acid F were sorted out acorrding to solvent as follows. ASI 7011 has the highest amounts with 0.722 mg/g from D.W. extracts. And ASI 7113, 7011, 7104 were in order of content. In EtoH extracts, ASI 7037 has the highest amounts with 0.811 mg/g. And ASI 7007, 7027, 7012, 7014 were in order of content. In MeoH extracts, ASI 7162 has the highest amounts with 0.833 mg/g. And ASI 7021, 7034, 7026, 7125 were in order of content. Finally, Strains with the highest amount of ganoderic acid H were sorted out acorrding to solvent as follows. ASI 7013 has the highest amounts with 0.985 mg/g in D.W. extracts. And ASI 7059, 7135, 7001, 7141 were in order of content. In EtoH extracts, ASI 7016 has the highest amounts with 2.842 mg/g. And ASI 7089, 7159, 7007, 7002 were in order of content. In MeoH extracts, ASI 7003 has the highest amounts with 6.969 mg/g. And ASI 7034, 7169, 7159, 7103 were in order of content.

This study was carried out to anti-diabetic efficacy of alcoholic extracts in Ganoderma species and Phellinus Baumi. Ganoderma species and Phellinus Baumi. showed inhibitory activity of PTP1B, which acts as negative regulator of diabetes. The α- amylase is an important enzyme in the digestion of carbohydrates in the saliva and pancreatic. If inhibition of the enzyme Delaying the digestion rate of the carbohydrate can be reduced postprandial rise in blood glucose levels. The results of the tests the active level that showed a similar inhibition α-amylase inhibitory activity and a positive control. Phellinus Baumi. showed the inhibitory activity to 89%, Acarbose as positive control. α-glucosidase is an essential enzyme in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars polysaccharides. The results of the tests the active level that showed a low inhibitory activity. It is thought to be able to complement the shortcomings of conventional anti-diabetic drugs.

This study was carried out to compare the anti-inflammation effects of various fruiting body of Ganoderma species and Cordyceps militaris, Phelinus linteus extracts. We concentrated Ganoderma species and other medicinal mushrooms by extracting with ethanol. And We made it 100 μg/ml concentration. As a result of nitrite scavenging activity, in the contrast to the positive control; Ascorbic acid was 25%, ASI 7080 of Ganoderma species was disappeared up to around 40%. And in the contrast to Ascorbic acid was 55%, ASI 7002 was 78.5% that was the highest anti-inflammation effect in the result of “No assay test”. The Cordyceps militaris showed 75% and Hericium erinaceus showed 59.7% of anti-inflammation effect. As a result of the fungus yield control test of TNF-α through ELISA method to ASI 7002 of Ganoderma species that showed the highest anti-inflammation, it was reduced as same as LPS non-treatment. We extracted RNA from ASI 7002 Ganoderma species 10, 50, 100 μg/ml concentration and LPS 10 μg/ml of Raw 264.7 cell. And we tested the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-a that are kinds of inflammation gene after synthesizing RNA with cDNA. Finally we could find that iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-a were all controlled expression in the result of above experiment.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is basically neurotrasmitter produced by the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid catalyzed by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which was known to convert monosodium glutamate (MSG) to GABA. To investigate enhancement of reversion rate of GABA, the yogurt fermentation with addition of nanoparticle winter mushroom and hydroponic ginseng was used. The conversion rate was revealed to nanoparticle winter mushroom and hydroponic ginseng fermenter (88%) > winter mushroom fermenter (52%) > nanoparticle winter mushroom fermenter (44%). The results showed that nanoparticle winter mushroom and hydroponic ginseng supplemented substrates for enhancement of GABA may be used more effectively as one of potential sources of functional foods.