Earticle

A new functional mushroom cultivated variety “Jangsaeng” of Fomitella fraxinea was developed by crossing monokaryons derived from collected strains for contribution to mushroom farmers. The major characteristics of this mushroom were compared to Yeongji2ho of Ganoderma lucidum because of their morphological similarities. The optimal temperature of mycelial growth and fruitbody sprouting and growth were 30 and 25∼30 , respectively. The surface color of fruitbody pilus was reddish brown and the fruitbody was flat kidney-shaped like Ganoderma lucidum except that the stipe was absent. Its texture was so tough and rigid that the yield per 1,000 ml bottle might be as high as 136 g. The hot water extract of this medicinal mushroom is fit to drink just like Ganoderma lucidum but its taste is not bitter.

Fruiting bodies of Cordyceps have been regarded as popular folk and effective medicines to treat human diseases such as asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation, and kidney disease. Cordyceps pruinosa (Clavicipitaceae; Hypocreales; Ascomycotina) has received special attention for medicinal purpose due to its various physiological activites. The nucleoside derivative N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA) isolated from it showed a Ca2+ antagonistic effect and negative inotropic response. The artificial production of fruiting body of C. pruinosa has not been tried successfully yet by using living silkworm substrate. To develop techniques for the production of C. pruinosa stromata on a large scale, the infection of Bombyx mori with C. pruinosa and the growth characteristics of stroma of C. pruinosa were investigated. Also, studied about biological activities of fruiting body formed on silkworm. Infection rate of the silkworm pupae with C. pruinosa was the highest in injection inoculation. The formation of the fruiting body of C. pruinosa was quite good in the room controlled at 21∼25℃, over 91% of relative humidity and over 1500 lx. Glucose concentration was high in the fruiting bodies of the silkworm pupae infected with C. pruinosa on a dry weight basis. The most abundant amino acid in the fruiting bodies was arginine and phenylalanine. The fruiting bodies of silkworm pupae infected with C. pruinosa was rich in oleic acid. The high amount of citric acid was found in the fruiting bodies of silkworm pupae infected with C. pruinosa.

This study was conducted to verify the cause of suppression symptom in mycelial growth during summer and to be able to establish a countermeasure. Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes was experimented with varying elapsed time of 0, 3, 6, 9 hours after mixing the sawdust media and two kinds of water temperature (normal water, 24℃ and cold water, 6℃) for mixing sawdust media. There were trends of increased media temperature from 24℃ to 31℃ and decreased pH from 6.5 to 5.2∼5.6 with varying elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. Bacterial density also increased with bacterial density in Medium 24℃ being 1.9∼4.1 times higher than that in Medium 6. Growth of F. velutipes was delayed with dual culture of bacteria isolated from sawdust media. Total nitrogen content of sawdust media was lowered by elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. The use of normal water(24℃) delayed mushroom growth by 1∼2 days compared with that of cold water(6℃). Furthermore, mycelial growth of F. velutipes in the bottle cultivation ceased 9 hours after mixing the media. Primordia formation of F. velutipes was delayed by 1∼3 days by elapsed time after mixing sawdust media, while fruit-body yield decreased by 7∼12% 6 hours after mixing the media. Fruit-body yield was more stabilized with the use of cold water(6℃) than with that of normal water(24℃). Results showed that it is effective to use cold water as low as 6℃ in mixing media for F. velutipes cultivation, especially during summer when environmental temperature is high, high pressure sterilization after bottling work can prevent bacterial propagation in the media and can stabilize media ingredient.

Two hundred seventy-‘our microorganisms were isolated from the 50il of abandon어 mines around for selecting the heavy metal-degrading strains and their microbial diversity was analyzed. The specimens of macrofungi were isolated from the soil of abandoned mines around for selecting the heavy metal-degrading strains. Eunseong and Dogok in Gyeongsangbuk-do， for selecting the heavy metal-degrading strains. Soil was also collected from same location. Contents of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, and As) were determined spectrometically in fruiting bodies of forty eight wild macrofungi specimens with soils. When the analysed their transfer factor from soil to fruiting body, AmallÎla volvata have the highest transfer factor of cadmium and arsenic. And Mycella pura showed the highest in mercury, Marasmius pulcherripes in zinc, Laccaria laccata in nickel, and Collybia confluens in chrome. When compare the population of mushrooms between the contaminated mines and Mt. Chiak as the healthy area, Genus Russula and Collybia were collected both area, but Leucocoprillus, Coprinus, Suillus, Lepiost, Gyroporus, Lepista, Microstoma, Stropharia, and Agrocybe were only in the contaminated mine area.