Earticle

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a tool to measure the multi-dimensional affect climate of healthcare workers by reflecting the characteristics of healthcare institutions. Additionally, we verified the content and structural validity, as well as the internal consistency of the proposed measurement tool. Methods: We conducted an online survey on hospital employees from April 28 to May 1, 2020, and analyzed the selected responses of 344 respondents after removing the incomplete responses. Results: The developed hospitals’ affect climate measurement tool consisted of 21 items with 6 factors: ‘positive display climate’, ‘neutral display climate’, ‘negative display climate’, ‘positive experiential climate’, ‘authentic experiential climate’, and ‘negative experiential climate’. Conclusions: It was verified that the developed affect climate measurement tool completely reflected the characteristics of hospitals. Therefore, this tool can be used to measure the multi-dimensional affect climate of healthcare workers and can be utilized to establish an effective human resource management strategy.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between nurses’ technostress and organizational performance (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, productivity, and turnover intention) and enhance the conceptual and empirical understanding of technostress. Methods: The study included a questionnaire survey of 250 nurses at a university hospital located in C city. The nurses had more than six months of experience in clinical practices at the time of data collection, and they gave their prior consent to participate in this study. Overall, 211 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 24.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results: The participants’ technostress was found to have a direct effect on their job satisfaction, which, in turn, directly influenced their organizational commitment. Moreover, technostress was found to directly affect their productivity. While job satisfaction did not have a direct effect on the nurses’ turnover intention, there was an indirect influence through organizational commitment. The turnover intention was found to be directly influenced by organizational commitment. Finally, productivity had no direct effect on their turnover intention. Conclusions: This study provides basic information that would help nurse managers to improve the performance outcomes of the nursing organization and manage the establishment more efficiently.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational needs of oriental nurses and to develop an occupational education program for them. Methods: The researchers reviewed literature and interviewed oriental medical professionals to construct an educational needs questionnaire. One hundred oriental nurses completed the questionnaire. The primary content validity test was conducted with a group of ten experts, while the secondary content validity test was done with 50 oriental nurses. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the Content Validity Index (CVI) using SPSS 23.0 for Windows. Results: Through the literature review and interviews, 48 items of the educational needs questionnaire were constructed. After an analysis of 100 datasets obtained from educational needs survey, 37 items remained. Items of CVI below 0.80 were deleted and 33 items remained after two content validity tests. Conclusions: The oriental nursing job training program developed in this study will be useful for the training of new oriental nurses in oriental hospitals.

Objectives: This study aims verify the effect of management education for respiratory disease using a video on disease management, stress, and confidence of the parental role of primary caregivers of hospitalized children. Methods: We developed a management education video of respiratory disease for hospitalized children based on literature review and advice from experts, and data were collected using structured questionnaires from the experimental and control group. Results: The findings of this As a result of this study, show that using the video did not significantly reduce the stress of primary caregivers of hospitalized children. However, it was found to be effective in enhancing disease management and confidence of the parental role. Conclusions: In educating primary caregivers of hospitalized children, the method of providing educational material through videos can be actively utilized. In the future, measures to reduce stress on primary caregivers should be implemented.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate how physical, mental, and oral health perceptions of Myself Generation and Non-Myself Generation affect happiness. Methods: The subjects of this study were the final analysis of 174 solo travelers who would like to come to Jeju Special Self-Governing Province and 181 non-alone travelers who had never worked alone. Results: Physical, mental and oral health perceptions of Myself Generation were the most restrictive factors of daily living, limiting activities of daily living, feeling of financial happiness was stress, and feeling of interpersonal happiness were self-esteem. Conclusions: The implications of this study are that variables related to mental and oral health are present in order for the study subjects who value life satisfaction and pursuit of happiness to continue a happy life.

Objectives: This study analyzes the relationship between unmet health care needs and quality of medical service. Methods: The data of 10,108 participants in the 2013 Korea Health Panel were analyzed. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used to conduct frequency and binary logistic regression analyses. Results: The factors associated with unmet health care needs were gender, age, education, medical insurance, economic activity, household income, subjective health status, and so on. Specifically, people who think quality of medical service is not outstanding tend to experience greater unmet health care needs than those who do. Conclusions: The results imply that quality of medical service is an important variable of unmet health care needs and continuous study is needed. Since it is associated with attitude of the medical team and nurses as well as patient satisfaction, it is necessary to find ways to enhance its degree in various fields.

Objectives: This study aimed to research the capability of securing financial soundness, such as profit-making and debt repayment, by analyzing cash flow trends in domestic general hospitals before and after the global financial crisis and investigating the current status of fund procurement and history of its management. Methods: In this study, the business performance was analyzed, taking into consideration the general characteristics of the hospital collected through vertical ratio analysis, horizontal trend analysis, and pattern analysis based on eight years of cash flow statements of 172 domestic general hospitals (2006~2013). Results: Most general hospitals in Korea showed the life cycle of the developing business type that comprises the positive (+) cash flow from sales activities, negative (-) cash flow from investment activities, and positive (+) cash flow from financing activities. Conclusions: Except for the time before and after 2008, when the global financial crisis took effect, and before and after 2012, when many large hospitals suffered from upheavals, the overall cash flows generally showed strengths. Moreover, sales capability, investment availability, and debt repayment were stable.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of squat exercises using various resistances on muscle activity, muscle thickness, and static balance ability. Methods: Around 38 subjects (healthy female adults) were randomly assigned to elastic resistance (n=13), load resistance (n=13), and body squat (n=12) conditions, after which, a total of 18 exercises were performed. All subjects’ muscle activity, muscle thickness, and static balance were measured using surface electromyography, diagnostic ultrasonography, and balance measuring devices before and after 3 weeks and 6 weeks. Results: The effect of exercise on muscle activity, muscle thickness, and static balance significantly increased with time after 3 and 6 weeks in each group (p<.05). As a result of the comparison of the effects between the groups, the elastic resistance group and the load resistance group were found to have significant increases six weeks later more so than the body squat group (p<.05). Conclusions: The results showed that the elastic resistance squat and load resistance squat exercises are more effective in improving muscle strength and static balance rather than body squat exercises.

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing the performance of multidrug-resistant organism (MDROs) infection control in general hospital nurses. Methods: Data were collected from August 5 to August 16, 2019. Participants were made up of 179 nurses. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that performance with Methcillin resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection control was significantly affected by organizational culture(β=.255, p= .001), and performance with Vancomycin resistant enterococcus(VRE) and Carbapenem Resistant gram-negative bacteria(CRGNB) infection control were significantly affected by knowledge((β=0.327, p<.001, β=0.183, p<.019) and, organizational culture(β=0.313, p<.001, β=0.293, p<.001). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the organizational culture and knowledge were highly influential factors affecting compliance of MDROs infection control in general hospital nurses. Therefore, in order to improve the nurses’ performance for the MDROs infection control, it was necessary to create positive organizational culture and develop practical ongoing training or education programs.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a video exercise program for flat foot in school-aged children. Methods: Data were collected from April 1 to December 31, 2019, before intervention and at 4 and 12 weeks after intervention. The collected 38 pairs(38 caregivers and 38 children) oof data were analyzed using the repeated measure analysis of variance with the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: Health beliefs of major caregivers exhibited a statistically significant difference over time (F=6.55, p<.05). In the analysis of patients’ Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores, symptoms, stiffness, pain, function in daily living, and in recreational activities were significantly different over time (p<.05). The radiological examination results were significantly improved (p<.05) as well. Conclusions: Based on our findings, it is evident that repetitive and continuous joint movements around the foot altered the major caregiver's health beliefs and improved the clinical and radiological findings of flat foot in school-aged children.

Objectives: This study analyzes the subjective health status perceived by the elderly as personal and social factors. We intend to use it as basic data for preparing a plan to manage the elderly's health economically and efficiently. Methods: The methods of this study were frequency analysis, crossover analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: As a result of analyzing the influence factors on the Self-rated Health Level of the elderly, age, gender, town type, educational level, economic activity, monthly income, health insurance, smoking, drinking, sleep time, subjective stress, exercise ability, daily activities, pain, anxiety, generation type, religious activities, relatives, leisure activities, and charity activities were analyzed as influence factors. Conculsions: It is necessary to prepare support measures for the vulnerable elderly, develop customized programs for elderly health management, and prepare social service policies for participation in social activities.

Objectives: This study identifies the moderating effects of role conflict and ambiguity on the quality of service. Through verification of regulation effect of job-crafting, implications related to effort required on individual level are also determined. Methods: The subjects were 79 employees working at two home care service centers and two long-term care service centers. Results: The level of role conflict of employees working in the former was lower than in the latter, while relational crafting was higher. In addition, work ambiguity had a negative effect on service quality. Conclusions: Long-term welfare facilities should create a work environment and organizational culture that facilitates autonomous and mutual communication. Workers in such facilities should make efforts to change their views to be more receptive regarding their jobs, colleagues, and work.

Objectives: This study used raw data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey to identify subjective health status and DMFT perceived by the elderly and provides basic data for the development of continuous oral health care programs. Methods: For statistical analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22.0 program. Results: The significance was verified, and the explanatory power was 21.0%. As a result of analyzing factors influencing DMFT, age and home ownership were verified, and explanatory power was 15.1%. Conclusions: As age increased, it was possible to confirm the oral condition, in which the dental condition was deteriorating, and the possession of housing related to socio-economic power were also found to be highly related to dental condition. Therefore, considering the diversification of socio-economic characteristics, attention is needed for the elderly in the socially vulnerable class.

Objectives: The aim of this descriptive survey study was to examine and compare health status and health care service needs in older adults living with family and those living alone, the relations among the factors. Methods: The participants of this study, conducted from May 28 to June 30, 2018, were 2,003 members of the Gyeong-gi-do Senior Welfare Center. Results: In the case of older adults living with family, the needs for senior movement and cognitive ability improvement programs were high in the lower areas of health care services, while in the case of older adults living alone, there were high needs for chronic disease and cognitive ability improvement programs. The factors affecting the needs for health care service were that female gender, younger age, better subjective health condition for both the older adults living with family and those living alone. Conclusions: We believe that there is a need for social service policies and management to better understand the situation of older adults. who require various services owing to illness.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the relationship between self-related health and depressive symptoms in older adults over 65 years of age, and also attempted to define the mediating effect of ego-integrity in the relationship. Methods: This study collected data from 197 elderly people over 65 years of age living in City A, which was then analyzed using SPSS 25.0 Program. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the mediating effect of ego-integrity in the relationship between self-related health and depression. Results: Results showed that self-related health of subjects was associated with economic status (t=2.662, p=.008) and medication for treatment of depression (t=2.533, p=.012), and ego-integrity was associated with economic condition (t=3.135, p=.002), residence type (t=1.979, p=.049), and drinking alcohol (t=-2.147, p=.033). Depression was associated with gender (t=-4.179, p<.001), age (t=-2.546, p=.012), and medication (t=-2.748, p=.008), and ego-integrity demonstrated a partial mediating effect on the relationship between self-related health status and depression. Conclusions: The research results confirmed that there is a mediating effect of ego-integrity in the relationship between self-related health and depression. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop various health management programs that promote improved self-related health and ego-integrity—a lifelong developmental task—in order to improve the depressive symptoms among the older adults.

Objectives: Using data on 86 Korean pharmaceutical firms over a 5-year period from 2013 to 2017, this study empirically analyzes the relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and firm-specific factors. Methods: Investment variables are R&D expenditure and intensity. Variables for firm-specific factors include firm size, firm age, firm location, technological innovation, and export orientation. Nonparametric statistical methods are used to test the difference in R&D investment and groups are then classified according to the level of firm-specific factors for inter- or between-group comparison. Results: First, R&D intensity was related to firm size, firm age, and technological innovation. Second, R&D expenditure was related to firm size and technological innovation and this relationship was statistically significant. Conclusions: The results are expected to provide policy implications for R&D investment decisions and strategic choices made by managers as well as policy makers.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between grit and health-promoting behaviors of university students who had smokers in their families and to identify factors affecting their health-promoting behaviors. Methods: The study participants included 346 university students with smokers in their families. Data were collected from June 1 to June 30, 2019, using self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The factors influencing health-promoting behaviors were perceived health status (β=.134, p=.005), smoking status (β=.129, p=.012), consistency of interest (β=.18, p=.015), and perseverance of effort (β=.28, p<.001) which explained 25.9% of the variance. Conclusions: These results suggest that to improve health-promoting behaviors in university students with smokers in their families, interventions that enhance grit should be considered.

Objectives: This study determined the association of moral self-concept and ethical values with perception for protection of patient’s personal information among students majored in healthcare administration. Methods: T-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlational, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis to identify the associated factors of the aforementioned perception. Results: Moral self-concept and ethical values were significantly positively correlated with perception for protection of patients' personal information. Multiple regression analysis revealed the relationships among moral self-concept, ethical values, and perception for protection of patients' personal information. Conclusions: This study showed that moral self-concept and ethical values to protect patients' personal information are necessary virtues for students in healthcare administration who deal with medical information.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to: i) investigate the scope of work for dental hygienists and nursing assistants, and ii) their awareness of revised nursing assistants' laws, in order to induce diverse and active participation of dental hygienists' students in the dental hygiene program. Methods: A self-assessing questionnaire was completed by 250 students from the Department of Dental Hygiene in Chungcheong-do and Gyeonggi-do. Results: The result of the question “whether you think dental hygienists should be expanded to include ” was mainly “yes.” The results of the questions asked about whether had participated in activities to expand the scope of dental hygienists showed that most of the third and fourth graders were "participating" in these activities. Conclusions: It is essential to ensure that dental hygienists are clearly aware of and actively participate in activities for the future of dental hygienists.