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The purpose of this study was analyzed the factors of influencing toward attitude to death with dignity to hospice volunteers. The data was collected for 21 days from 14 March to 3 April 2010. Among a total of 220 cases of the questionaries, only 195 cases were used. To data were analyzed by factor analysis, independent t-test, one-way anova and logistic regression using PASW statistics 18.0. The results were as follows; The attitudes towards death with dignity according to general characteristics was high in those with will to agreed to the passive euthanasia than those opposite to the attitude factors, namely, acceptive, the right to decide, negative, and dereliction of duty attitude factors. Significant variables for effects of death with dignity were gender, acceptive attitude factor and dereliction of duty attitude factors. Given that main provider of human organs is the brain-dead and we don't have enough organ donation, death with dignity should be linked with activating policy of organ donation, while solving donation shortage problem. This way, constructing social implementation and sharing consciousness on organ donation, would be diluting the bio-ethic controversies.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of advertising of health functional food. We utilize 1,716 cases which underwent a screening before advertising from January to December in 2008. The results show the following findings. There were statistically differences between printing and broadcasting. Vitamin 613 cases have received the most review in the functional food types. There were statistically differences between manufacturers and distribution companies. March was the most screening in months. The results show the following findings. There were statistically differences between domestics and import products. In this study, Manufacturers are better than distribution companies for undergoing a screening of the health functional food advertisement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a medical institution's brand equity on the users' trust and brand loyalty and further on price premium with trust and brand loyalty as the parameters. For that purpose, a survey was taken among 448 people that used service at university hospitals, general hospitals, and hospital in Busan. The results show that such brand equity components as the associated image of the brand and perceived quality had significant influences on relationships with trust with the latter having the greatest influences. Brand recognition, associated image of the brand, and perceived quality all had significant impacts on brand loyalty. The associated image of the brand had the biggest impacts, being followed by perceived quality and brand recognition in the order. Trust had positive impacts on brand loyalty according to the survey results about the quality of relationships with consumers, which suggests that medical institutions can increase their users' brand loyalty and intention for re-use by promoting their trust in them. While brand loyalty turned out to have statistical significance on the users' price premium, trust did not.

The purpose of this study is to examine relations between the job stress of radiologists, who are serving at secondary medical institutions, and their intent of separation, providing basic information necessary to earlier prevent the separation, improve the quality of radiologists and ensure a more effective personnel management of the professionals. For the purpose, this researcher conducted a structured questionnaire survey of 221 radiologists from Nov 1 to 30, 2010 who were serving at secondary medical institutions located in Busan. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows. 1) The surveyed radiologists were scored 2.82 points in average in terms of job stress. This indicates that they are suffering from job stress higher than moderate. 2) The subjects were significantly different from each other in job stress according to their age, total service period, department where they were serving, satisfaction with their hospital and satisfaction with the foresaid department. 3) The subjects were scored 2.59 points in average in terms of the intent of separation. This indicates that the surveyed radiologists are not so willing to change their job. 4) Those radiologists were significantly different from each other in the intent of separation according to their age, marital status, educational background, average monthly income, total service period, the period of service at a department where they belonged now, position, satisfaction with their hospital and satisfaction with the foresaid department. 5) There were significant correlations between the subjects' job stress and intent of separation.

This study is to inquire into the correlation between patients’ knowledge and attitude about the implant denture, as well as to provide exact information for patients. The results are expected to be basic data to make patients have positive attitudes to the implant denture. The study was conducted on patients who visited dental hospitals located in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, from 1 November to 31 December, 2009, the answer sheets from 198 patients analyzed. The results showed that 24.2% of respondents had implant dentures put in. Hereat, the t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to analyze respondents’ knowledge and attitude about the implant denture according to general characteristics. In relation to knowledge about the implant denture, respondents showed differences according to what levels of education they had and whether they had the implant dentures put in. The results of a correlation analysis showed that respondents’ knowledge and attitude about the implant denture had a significant correlation with each other. In other words, respondents, who had a high degree of knowledge about the implant denture, had a more positive attitude to it. With the generalization of implant dentures, dental care providers have need to provide exact information about the implant denture for dental patients in order that they may comprehend it and have positive attitudes to it. In addition, there is a need to establish a system to provide the general public with exact information about the implant denture.

It is necessary to access managing human resources of hospitals with diversity in order to operate hospital organization successfully and efficiently. The research tries to analyze affecting factors of organizational effectiveness of hospital workers according to their positions. The research has been performed on the 836 hospital workers of 8 different positions in the Busan & Gyeong- nam area, utilizing SPSS version 19.0 for processing and analyzing the data. The major results of the research are as following. First, among such factors of organizational effectiveness as sense of belonging to work, pride, work settlement, wage satisfaction, job satisfaction, colleague perception, and unstable consciousness of their job, there is a meaningful difference according to the kinds of working institution and positions. Second, there was higher organizational effectiveness(a sense of belonging and pride) as to higher work settlement and wage satisfaction within all kinds of positions. In addition, there was higher organizational effectiveness(a sense of belonging and pride) as to higher job satisfaction and colleague perception within all kinds of positions except for physical therapist, general adminstration, facilities, nutrition, and etc. There was higher organizational effectiveness(a sense of belonging and pride) within all kinds of positions except for general adminstration, facilities, nutrition, and etc, as to lower job or work complaint.

This study conducted a secondary analysis by using original data of <The Four Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009> performed by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs to know factors affecting determinants of health using Lalonde model for the adults aged over 19 years living in Korea. The survey was conducted in 2009 and it evaluated finally 5,867 cases by excluding cases with no answer or a wrong answer. This study model adopted two categories of instrument measure health were objective (Average remaining lifetime) and subjective (EQ-5D) health status. The health determinants included in this study could be divided in to four categories, which were human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health care organization. The results were as follows. In the factors affecting average remaining lifetime, human biology were sex, ages, BMI, showed statistically significant difference, environment category were merry status, education showed statistically significant difference, lifestyle category were exercise, drunks showed statistically significant difference and health care organization category were vaccination, health screening showed statistically significant difference. In the factors affecting EQ-5D, human biology category and health care organization category showed with same average remaining lifetime, environment category were merry status, education, income showed statistically significant difference and lifestyle category were exercise, drunks, stress showed statistically significant difference. The results demonstrated that the best powerful factor was life style category and environment category, the least factor was health care organization category. So lifestyle style and environment category should be considered for the future health plan, budget allocation and the priority in the health care.

This study is focusing on the fact that Medical bodies are a labor-intensive organization in the technological field which needs technical knowledge and concerted efforts and then explaining the job value and the workplace value on the basis of trust in terms of a sense of organizational unity. The study reveals that, the higher recognition of their seniors the medical workers have, the higher level of self-esteem for job value they have. In terms of personal characteristics, educational experience has a meaningful influence on self-esteem for job value; in terms of job characteristics, the period of one`s service and monthly salary have a meaningful influence on it. And, it is found, the higher the pride on workplace, respect and trust in seniors, loyalty to seniors and self-esteem for job value are, the more proud they feel of workplace.

The purpose of this study is to investigate evaluation and improvement of long-term care hospitals for changing long-term care hospitals fee system. Data were collected from 104 CEOs in nationwide long-term care hospitals using structured self-administered questionnaires during August 17 to 31, 2009. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows; first, to change fixed sum medical fee per day caused to decline the level of geriatric service in 87% of CEOs. Second, 79% of CEOs were dissatisfied with changing fixed sum medical fee per day, and 47% of them were dissatisfied with graded fee for doctor and nurse management. Finally, they suggested that to specialize and to differentiate of long-term care hospitals will drive to improve long-term care hospitals function and to measure workforce based on rate of filled vacancies will increase efficiency and productivity of doctor and nurse management.

A researcher examined 158 medical technologists and 140 radiologists who are working at 9 general hospitals in Gyeongsangbuk-do area using structured questionnaire to find out degree of fatigue of health professionals, the primary factors that have effect on them, and actions to control their fatigue on December 1 through December 20, 2008. The average complaining rate of fatigue subjective symptom by syndromes was overall 17.24 points, and medical technologists scored 16.48 points while radiologists scored 18.09 points. There were significant difference in the average fatigue complaining score of both medical technologists and radiologists such as when the younger their age is, when they are single, when the lower their monthly salary is, when the shorter their total working period is, and when the current status is staff at work. As a result of multiple regression analysis which sets fatigue score as dependent variable, there were significant difference on both syndromes such as satisfaction on work, work stress, and sleeping condition. It was the highest on relaxation, which was 76.6%, among the 15 questions on actions to control fatigue, and the next was enough sleep and controlling stress. And the lowest was help from medical professionals, which was 7.3%. It was the highest on enough sleep, which was 1.98 points, and next was relaxation and controlling stress, and the lowest points were help from medical professionals and taking medicine in the effective score of fatigue control action. In consequence of research, it is necessary to develop program and health education to control health professionals' various fatigue such as stress management and sleeping, and it is considered to find out the plan about effective work system.

The purposes of this study were to identify and compared the selection conditions of spouses and the perceptions of marriage and childbirth by sex. Moreover, this study tried to find the number of child the study subjects want to have in their marriage and what factors were important for whether they have no or one child or more than two children. The study subjects were college students who were belong to 6 health care related departments selected randomly from all health care related departments in one metropolitan area. In the selection conditions as their spouses, they ranked 'love', 'personality' and 'wealthiness' as important factors in order. Male ranked females' employment as 10th but female ranked it 5th. In conclusion, there were concordances and dis-concordances on the perceptions of marriage and child birth by sex. Understanding these factors caused by gender roles in our society could contribute to making new policies for promoting marriage rate in younger age and overcoming the problems of low birth rates by giving more specific data to policy makers for increasing child birth rate.

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-esteem and job stress which might influence job satisfaction of the emergency medical technicians. The partcipants were 135 emergency medical technicians in hospital. Data were collected from August 15 to September 10, 2009. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS win 15.0 version. The average self-esteem score was 3.47, job stress 3.16, job satisfaction 3.14. The score for job satisfaction. showed significant difference motivation of desire(F=3.169, p=.016) and region(F=3.414, p=.011). Self-esteem had significant positive correlation to job satisfaction(r=.296, p=.000). Job stress had significant negative correlation to job satisfaction(r=-.327, p=.000). Self-esteem and job stress were significant predictor and accounted for 16% of the variance in job satisfaction of the emergency medical technicians. Future job satisfaction management program for the emergency medical technicians should be considered their self-esteem and job stress.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for improving medical security between the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and the private health insurance in Pusan Metropolitan area by investigating of the recognition with the benefit groups. Questionnaires of 431 were taken between Feb. 11th and Feb. 25th 2008. The survey was carried out to gather information about SES and contents of insurance and recognition between the benefit group of the Korean National Health Insurance and the private health insurance on the financial conditions and the stability. The result of survey is as follows. First, there is a difference between the National Health Insurance and the private health insurance on the financial conditions and the stability of the Korean National Health Insurance. Second, there is a high score at the private health insurance on the financial conditions and the stability of the private health insurance. Third, privatizing of a National Health Insurance is high score at increase of the premium, medical payments of the National Health Insurance group and is high score at enhance of quality of medical service and decrease of loss of medical payment of the private health insurance group. Therefore, to provides more information and improved medical security with the benefit group. it is necessary for concerns to put more efforts in creating Conflicting vs. Complementing of systemic base.

The purpose of this study was to know dysfunctions degree, daily living activity, depression and quality of life among stroke elderly person; and to know what kind of factors affecting to quality of life of the stroke elderly person; after that provide a fundamental data to nursing arbitration plan about increase height quality of life of the stroke elderly person. The study subjects were collected 119 people, over than 60 age, who were diagnosed with stoke in D hospital, living in B city. The data was collected by using personal interviews and questionnaire, from Nov 2008 to Jan 2009. The questionnaire were Pre-Stroke MRDS(Modified Rankin Disability Scale), Barthel-ADL(Activities of Daily Living), K-IADL(Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), GDS-15(Geriatric Depression Scale-15-question form) methods. The pre-stroke MRDS was appeared a functional obstacle. The mean score of activity of daily living was 18.24 which showed the subjects were mildly disabled, the score of instrumental activities of daily living was 7.94 which showed the mildly abled, and score of depressiveness was 7.41 which showed the subjects were mildly depression. There was a significantly correlation among MRDS, ADL, IADL, depressiveness and quality of life. Through these study result, important to check the old subjects' depressiveness, cognitive functions, daily living abilities, dysfunctions degree to main tain their quality of life.

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors related to the job stress experienced by call center employees at public institutions, so as to provide basic data to relieve work-related stress and enhance the job satisfaction of such employees. To promote objectivity and representation, the study was conducted by way of survey, the subjects being call center employees in 8 public institutions that operate call centers, which are located in the Busan and Seoul areas. Of the 240 surveys distributed, 196 were collected and 173 of those were used for analysis after eliminating 25 with insufficient responses. The results of this study are as follows. First, in terms of general properties, it was determined that employees with higher levels of education and families to support had greater job stress. second, in terms of job-related properties, employees who were unsatisfied with the job, HR policies, and their relationship with superiors and/or colleagues had greater job stress. In terms of the group that was satisfied compared with the group that was unsatisfied with the job, HR policies, and their relationship with superiors and/or colleagues, regular workers had less job stress than irregular workers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the strategies and the experiences of 3 university hospitals relevant to environmentally-friendly strategy in their hospitals and to find out the implication for spreading the environmentally-friendly hospital management to other Korean hospitals. The study was progressed from October to November 2010 through the in depth interview with middle manager of the hospitals. Interview items about environmentally-friendly hospital management were selected from ISO 14001, Korean Green Management Certification Scheme, Green Guide Operation Version 2.2 of GGHC, Eco-Checklist™, Self-Assessment Tool of「Practice Greenhealth」and some accreditation credits of LEED, BREEAM, GreenStar. The case study result implies that the following strategies are so critical to settle environmentally-friendly hospitals in Korea: 1)understanding about fundamental concept of environmentally-friendly hospital, 2)organizing green teams, 3)purchasing environmentally- friendly goods, 4)benchmarking other successful hospitals, 5)adopting easy & reasonable policy first, 6)managing accumulated data & performance about energy efficiency, and 7)educating the employee about environmentally-friendly hospitals strategies. Hospitals have to keep in pace with the change in government policy and scheme like as GHG & Energy Target Management System, Korean Green Management Certification Scheme, ESCO, and so on for achieving the successful environmentally-friendly hospitals.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out key success factors and marketing strategies of Bumrungrad Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. The major success factors of Bumrungrad Hospital are as follows; First, Bumrungrad Hospital had professional medical team and board of directors who had the international career. Second, Bumrungrad was supported by Thai government and they were in a cooperative relationship with each other for the development of the medical industry. Third, Bumrungrad appropriately handled the internal and external changes including Asia Financial Crises in 1997 and others. Fourth, Bumrungrad diversified and broaden its business field such as global medical investing and management, medical technology, anti-age medicine and wellness. Marketing strategies of Bumrungrad analyzed are the following four factors. First, Bumrungrad focused on the quality of services by employing professional medical staffs, who have the international certification, and by constructing IT system for hospital management. Second, Bumrungrad has maintained an equalized price policy to attract the customers bothin the domestic and foreign markets. The cost for care has appealed the foreign customers for its comparatively low price, but it focused mainly on the upper middle class in Thailand. Third, it established, managed, and consulted hospitals in the foreign countries including the Philippines and the Arab Emirates. Fourth, it adopted differentiated promotion strategies suitable for the special needs of domestic and foreign customers, and put emphasis on the buzz marketing.