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Objectives: Analyze of the differences in financial characteristics and those between publicity and profitability. Analyze the differences in financial characteristics and those between publicity and profitability Methods : This study was conducted on 31 regional public hospitals nationwide using financial statements from 2015 and 2018. It compared operations in 2018 when the Moon Jae-in Care policy was implemented to enhance security with operations in 2015 without the policy. Results: Data from 2015 and 2018 were compared using multiple regression analysis to determine the factors that had an influence on medical profit on medical revenue. It was found that twice in 2015 and 2018, the ratio of labor versus medical costs and the ratio of material versus medical costs were positively affected. It was also found that in 2018, city funding per 100 beds was negatively affected. Conclusions: In order to improve the quality of health care, appropriate personnel should be hired and city funding should also be provided to secure public health care.

Objectives: This study investigated the moderating effect of psychological contract violations on organizational commitment and retention intention among hospital nurses. Methods: The study participants were 197 nurses who had worked for two years or less in hospitals located in the J province of the Republic of Korea. Data were collected between January 7 and 18, 2019 using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Results: Psychological contract violations had a mean score of 2.34±0.98. The mean organizational commitment score was 3.17±0.54, while the mean retention intention score was 5.63±1.35. Psychological contract violations and organizational commitment were negatively correlated with each other, but both had a positive correlation with retention intention. Perceived psychological contract violations have a significant moderating effect on the association between organizational commitment and retention intention. Conclusions: Organization-level strategic interventions to reduce psychological contract violations are needed to increase organizational commitment and retention intention.

Objectives: This study is to analyze selection factors of long-term hospital. Methods: The data were collected from 285 patients of 6 long-term hospitals using standardized questionnaires. The dependent variables are effectiveness factor, physical factor, human factor, accessibility, public image. The independent variables are customer satisfaction and revisiting intention. Results: According to the difference analysis, older patients had higher human factor, revisiting intention. Effectiveness factor, human factor and salary were found to have positive(+) effect on customer satisfaction. Effectiveness factor, physical factor, human factor and hospitalization period had significant positive(+) effect on revisiting intention. Conclusions: With the aging population continuing to increase, competition in long-term hospitals is getting fiercer. Results suggest that this will be the basic data for efficient management of long-term hospitals.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between distress and oral health of Generation Y amid the COVID-19 pandemic, and to improve their psychological and oral health. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 204 individuals (born between 1982 and 2000) who visited building M in area G. Results: The respondents had high distress related to depression, helplessness, and travel restrictions. The biggest oral health-related factor influencing overall distress was self-awareness of toothache. Conclusions: The results of this study are highly valuable as basic data for initiating psychological and mental recovery support programs to overcome COVID-19 distress for effective oral health-related policies.

Objectives: This study analyzed the effects of individual status and community environment on geriatric depression through a multi-level analysis based on raw data from the 2019 CHS. Methods: Health behaviors and levels constituted individual status. The socio-physical environment factors were formed at the level of 255 communities to analyze the random effects of community level and fixation effects of individual status in the young-old and old-old groups. Results: The effect was greater in the old-old group for health behaviors and health levels. However, it differed across communities. In particular, the natural environment and social support were significant influencing factors and meaningful. Conclusions: Regarding the quality of life in the elderly group, it appears that raising their perceived health level can improve their mental health. It is therefore necessary to encourage the elderly to shift to healthy behaviors, such as active participation in social activities, leisure activities, and participation in diverse programs prepared by communities.

Objectives: This study investigated influencing factors of and health behaviors due to depression in family members of dementia patients using data from the 2018 and 2019 Community Health Surveys. Methods: Data of 24,751 family members of dementia patients were statistically analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression. Results: First, family members living with a dementia patient had the characteristics of a socially vulnerable group due to the large number of women and older people among them, low education levels, low health levels, and high depressive symptoms. Second, the family members with depressive symptoms were in poor health-yet, they did not use medical services appropriately and their healthcare needs remained unmet due to economic and temporal reasons. Conclusions: Practical health support is needed to initiate counseling and mediation programs for dementia patients' family members with depression, and to prevent diseases and maintain and promote health.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of health literacy, self-efficacy and health concern of workers at small-scale workplace in improving health- promoting behavior. Methods: Data were collected from 130 workers at six small-scale workplace in J City using questionnaires from December 1, 2020, to January 15, 2021. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé’s test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression. Results: The mean score for health literacy was 6.07±1.92, for self-efficacy was 2.80±0.34, for health concern was 2.49±0.46, and for health-promotion behavior was 2.49±0.46. The significant predictors of health-promoting behavior were health concern (β = .38, p < .001) and self-efficacy (β = .20, p = .015), with an explanatory power of 25.0%. Conclusions: In order to improve the health-promoting behavior of workers at small work places, it is necessary to develop and apply programs to promote health concern and self-efficacy.

Objectives: This study examined the health behavior and health-related quality of life of unmarried males and females in one-person households, using the dataset of the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey(KNHANES, 2016∼2019). There were 456 subjects. Methods: A multiple regression model was used to analyze the data. Results: A negative relationship was found between age, (b=-0.018, p=0.003) and health-related quality of life, a negative relationship between low weight and obesity prevalence (b=-0.024, p=0.029), negative depression (b=-0.028, p<0.001), positive occupation status (b=0.023, p<0.001), and a positive relationship between neutral and perceived health state(b=0.014, p=0.029), and health-related quality of life. Conclusions: This study suggests that perceived health status an important factor for health behavior and health-related quality of life of one-person households of unmarried males and females. The findings of this study will be helpful to policymakers in designing plans to increase health behavior and health-related quality of life among such households.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to secondhand smoke(SHS) and mental health according to place of exposure to SHS, in adult female non-smokers in Korea. Methods: Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) of 2019 were used, and 3,012 adult female non-smokers who participated in the survey were selected for final analysis. Complex sample analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: Factors influencing the mental health of female nonsmokers exposed to SHS were age, marital status, occupation, availability of basic living, activity limitation, subjective health status, sleep duration, perceived body shape, and exposure to SHS. Significant correlation were observed, as shown in the tables below. In particular, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to SHS at work was related to mental health factors such as depression, stress and suicial ideation. Conclusions: More studies are needed to inform and prevent early exposure to SHS risk in a group with high exposure to SHS.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the quality of life(QOL) of Korean youth (19-34 years old) by gender. This is a secondary data analysis study using data from the 7th (2016-2017) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: The subjects were 3,196. For the data analysis, using the SPSS 23.0 program, Rao_Scott χ2-test, and regression analysis with a complex sample design were performed. Results: Factors affecting the QOL of young people were different between men and women. The factors affecting men's QOL were education level, working hours, subjective health status, depression for over two weeks, stress level, smoking, and diagnosis of depression. The factors affecting women's QOL were education level, working hours, subjective health status, depression for two weeks or longer, and stress level. Comparing the gender differences, it was confirmed that the diagnosis of depression and smoking had an effect only on men. Conclusions: In order to improve the QOL of young people, it is necessary to develop policies and programs that consider gender.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of physiological indicators, uncertainty, and grit on the self-management of hemodialysis patients and to identify ways to improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Methods: A convenience sample of 140 patients receiving hemodialysis was selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and also obtained from medical records. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The self-management of participants undergoing hemodialysis showed a significant relationship with hemoglobin, total protein, Ca*P, uncertainty, and perseverance of effort. The significant factors influencing self-management were Ca*P (β =-.18, p=.014), perseverance of effort (β=.40, p<.001), and monthly income (β=.18, p=.006). These variables explained 31.4% of the variance in self-management. Conclusions: The perseverance of effort in hemodialysis patients was confirmed to be the main variable influencing self-management. Therefore, to improve the self-management of hemodialysis patients, it is necessary to develop interventions and programs to improve PE.

Objectives: This study evaluates wireless IT-based self-management services for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) and undergoing treatment at a local healthcare institution, and those who participated in community hypertension and diabetes registration and management services and capable of using the internet or a smartphone were enrolled in the study. About 320 patients who had completed a questionnaire and provided anthropometric data and baseline blood tests at the end of the 12-month study period were assessed. Results: In the IT group, a significant improvement was observed in fasting blood sugar (FBS) awareness and self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) levels at both baseline and end of the 12-month period. Knowledge scores improved in the human support and IT service groups, and FBS and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased significantly in all the groups. In the change in the HbA1c control rate at baseline and 12 months in the three groups, the difference in the IT service group was 13.8% (p=0.0035). Conclusions: Adding IT-based services to the existing management services for DM patients may help in controlling FBS and HbA1c levels by enhancing blood glucose measurement and management.