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Objectives: This study aims to contribute to efficient decision-making by analyzing the impact of human resource-related expenditure on the management performance of pharmaceutical companies. Methods: Difference analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted by collecting financial statements data of 10 years from 2004 to 2013 for pharmaceutical companies. Results: First, the education and training ratio was found to have a positive effect on management performance only in KOSDAQ companies. Second, an overall negative effect was seen on companies’ management performance as the labor cost ratio increased; however, companies, excluding business loss companies, showed a positive effect on management performance. Conclusions: Managers need to make decisions based on whether their companies are KOSDAQ companies, KOSPI companies, and companies that realize operating profits by considering labor costs, education, and training expenses.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the structured path model which has the path influence of Task-Technology Fit(TTF) and Personal Innnovativenesss(PIIT) on organizational work achievement(OA). This study also tested the moderating effect of occupations on the paths. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 300 study subjects. A structural equation path model was used. Results: The response rate was 99.9%. The model fit were GFI=.93, and RMSEA=.04. The models between equal and unequal path weight constraint were significantly different (p<.05). These paths were significant for nurses: TTF→IPKS(interpersonal knowledge-sharing)→IDKS(interdepartment knowledge-sharing) →OA and PIIT→IDKS→OA, for administrators: TTF→IPKS→IDKS, TTF→OA and PIIT→OA, and for physicians: TTF→IDKS and TTF→PA(personal achievement). Conclusions: TTF and PIIT significantly influenced knowledge-sharing and work achievement. Knowledge-sharing activities mediated the effect of TTF and PIIT on work achievements. All paths also had a moderating effect by medical professions.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine whether there is a difference in smoking cessation intention according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome among adult male smokers. Methods: For data analysis, using SPSS 25.0, significant variables were selected for general characteristics, health behaviors, and health status, and the variables were redefined into two groups, and cross-analyzed to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome disease and smoking cessation intention. Results: As a result of this study, smokers with a younger age, higher education level, and higher smoking amount showed higher smoking cessation intention if they have metabolic syndrome, but overall no smoking intention rate was very similar between the smoking group with metabolic syndrome and the smoking group without metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: It is necessary to prepare a long-term health policy that takes into account the characteristics of male smokers, such as health behavior, health status, and metabolic syndrome, and multidisciplinary efforts.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adult European Quality of Life-Five Dimension (EQ-5D) scores and oral health status. Methods: For this study, the data of 2,446 adults aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the Eighth National Health and Nutrition Survey were included and analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between general characteristics of participants, EQ-5D scores, and oral health using SPSS 26.0 statistical package program. Results: The results suggested that if an adult’s EQ-5D score was bad, their oral health status was poor. Conclusions: A health administration system promoting the importance of oral health for adults could be designed using the study’s findings. In addition, oral health prevention and education programs could be developed that contribute to the improvement of EQ-5D.

Objectives: This descriptive survey aimed to determine the influence of nursing students’ knowledge of and attitude toward COVID-19 on their infection preventive health behaviors. Methods: This study applied a descriptive methodology to analyze the data of, 181 nursing students from 4 universities in B City, collected using self-reported questionnaires administered between April 1 and 30, 2022. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0. Results: The degree of COVID-19 infection preventive health behavior in nursing students was 3.52±0.42 (out of 4). The significant predictors of COVID-19 infection preventive health behaviors of nursing students were COVID-19 infection attitude (β = .58, p <.001) and, willingness to participate in future education on COVID-19 management (β= .12, p = .049). These variables explained 35% of the variance in influence preventive health behavior. Conclusions: This study, provides basic data for COVID-19 infection control education programs for nursing students.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress coping methods of college/university students in response to COVID-19 stress, and to determine the effect/effectiveness of these stress coping methods. Methods: For data collection, an online survey method was conducted with a total of 300 college/university students. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS 23.0. Results: It was confirmed that female students, two-year college students/second-year college students, students with lower grades, health majors, and college students located in the metropolitan area were vulnerable to COVID-19 stress, and the proportion of passive coping methods was high among these students. In addition, it was revealed that the active stress coping method had a negative (-) effect on COVID-19 stress, and the passive coping method had a positive (+) effect on COVID-19 stress. Conclusions: In responding to stressful situations/experiences, college/university and college students’ use of positive coping methods can, with the proper training and support, have a positive effect on their mental health/can positively contribute to their mental health by increasing adaptability in college/university and college life and improving overall quality of life.

Objectives: This descriptive research study was conducted to understand the risk perception, knowledge level, and preventive behavior of university students regarding COVID-19. Methods: The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross-analysis, Pearson’s correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and Sheffe’s test.. Results: The units in the sample were asked about their degree of agreement about the associated risks of COVID-19 (perceived severity); 62% answered “very much yes.” Moreover, wearing a mask and “taking an examination while sick were the most significant preventive actions, and perception did not vary significantly according to gender, age, and major. Conclusions: The highest positive correlation between risk perception and preventive behavior after COVID-19 persisted for a long time. It is necessary to pay attention to the change in the risk perception of college students while adjusting to the new normal.

Objectives: This study’s aim was to examine the factors influencing stress among married women after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Data from 738 participants of the Eighth Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family were used in this study. Multiple regression model was used to analyze the data regarding the factors influencing stress in married women after the pandemic. Results: The results showed significant stress in married working women. Factors such as satisfaction regarding relationship with spouses (B=-0.374, p<0.001), excessive working hours (B=0.352, p=0.048), irregular working hours (B=0.446, p=0.018), temporal oppression of workload (B=0.345, p=0.025), improper working position (B=0.457, p=0.001), work place discrimination (B=0.118, p<0.001) and parenting burden (B=0.374, p=0.003) were assessed. Conclusions: The findings suggest that relationship with spouses are important protective factors against stress among working women after the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the pandemic situation policy alternatives could be formulated to prevent the gap in childcare, which could leadto an improvement in women’s working environment and conditions.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing adolescents' sleep and determine the degree of influence on their sleep through direct and indirect channels acting between factors. Methods: Data from the Third Korean Child-Youth Panel Survey 2018 were used in this study. The number of participants was 2,328. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and 26.0 AMOS program. Results: Results showed that eight paths were statistically significant. Depression and smartphone dependency directly affected the sleep habits of adolescents. Academic, peer, and parental factors influenced their sleep through depression and smartphone dependency as mediators. Therefore adolescents' sleep was affected not only by personal but also by social such as peer and parental factors. Conclusions: The results of this study may provide basis for developing programs that can improve adolescents' sleep, leading to better health and general well-being of adolescents.

Objectives: This study was attempted to identify the mental health characteristics that affect adolescents smoking and drinking behavior by gender. Through this, we intend to provide basic data for preventive education programs tailored to the target. Methods: The data were analyzed using the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The data were analyzed by complex sample frequency analysis, complex sample cross analysis and complex sample logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: First, suicidal thoughts and loneliness experiences were found to be factors that influence both smoking and drinking behavior of male and female students. Second, subjective happiness was a factor influencing female students' smoking behavior, and generalized anxiety disorder was a factor influencing female students' drinking behavior. Conclusions: Active efforts are needed to improve the mental health of adolescents by providing customized preventive education according to gender.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of confidence among care workers in patients’ fall prevention, fall-related knowledge, fall burden, and factors influencing fall burden. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted with 158 care workers in metropolitan city B. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS win 27.0 program. Results: The mean scores for confidence in fall prevention, fall-related knowledge, and fall burden were 7.22±1.87, 18.18±3.15, and 2.98±0.37, respectively. Factors influencing fall burden among care workers were working place (β=.28, p<.001) and confidence in fall prevention (β=-.23, p=.003). Conclusions: The results indicated that the higher the confidence in fall prevention among care workers, the lower the fall burden. The fall burden of care workers in long-term care hospitals was heavier than that in general hospitals. Therefore, the findings suggest the needs to develop a program and verify its effectiveness in reducing the burden of falls among care workers in long-term care hospitals.

Objectives: This study is to examine the difference between the level of perceived importance and performance of social workers’ tasks in individualized support service for older adults and to identify their needs for job training and education related to their role as social workers. Methods: A nationwide survey of social workers in charge of individualized support service program, and 471 people responded. The corresponding sample t-verification and importance-performance analysis(IPA) technique were used for data analysis. Results: Both perceived importance(M=4.40) and performance(M=4.16) were high in most tasks, and the level of perceived importance was higher than that of performance. Additionally the statistically significant differences were found in 29 of the 35 tasks on verifying the difference in perceived importance and performance of tasks. Finally, the IPA results were classified into four areas and organized. Conclusions: Based on the results, we suggest a strategic plan for developing and implementing a curriculum that can improve the difference between perceived importance and performance of social workers' tasks.