Earticle

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of job stress and work-family conflict on presenteeism in married female medical insurance review nurses. Methods: A survey was conducted from January 5 to February 28, 2020 on 173 medical insurance review nurses in four certified tertiary hospitals and 30 general hospitals. The response data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses using SPSS/Win 23.0 software. Results: It was determined that research model of presenteeism was significant (F=9.19, p<.001) and explained 28% of the total variance. Family to work conflict (β=.27, p=.001), job stress (β=.21, p=.014) and age (β=-.19, p=.023) were found to be factors influencing presenteeism. Conclusions: Job stress and family to work conflicts are significant factors in presenteeism, therefore efforts to enact family-friendly policies that reduce job stress and work-family conflicts are expected to diminish presenteeism in married medical insurance review nurses.

Objectives: The study aims to categorize subjective hierarchical perceptions among adults and analyze changes in the use of emergency, outpatient and inpatient medical services to provide basic data for research on subjective hierarchical awareness. Methods: A total of 7,872 people were selected for final analysis by utilizing data from 2009 and 2013. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to analyze emergency, outpatient, and inpatient medical use according to subjective class recognition. Results: In both 2009 and 2013, subjective class recognition was analyzed to have statistically significant effects on emergency medical use, outpatient use, and emergency medical use. Moreover, it was analyzed to be a strong influence on emergency hospital services in 2013 compared to 2009. Conclusions: Support from countries or communities linked to academia is needed to change individual values or attitudes through health education and health care approaches to reduce the polarization between subjective class perceptions.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of self acupressure on eye fatigue and class concentration in college students. Methods: This study was based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design as a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from June 8 to July 3, 2020. The experimental group received self-acupressure at specific acupoints (jingming, cuanzhu, sizhukong, tongziliao, and chengqi) thrice a day for 5 days, followed by a 2-day rest period. The control group was administered artificial tears for 4 weeks. Sixty women were divided into the experimental and control groups (n = 30 in each). The collected data were analyzed by chi-square test, paired t-test, and independent t-tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 program. Results: There was a significant decrease in eye fatigue (t = −8.85, p = <.001 ) and an increase in class concentration (t = 7.79, p = <.001) in the experimental group as compared to the control group in the pretest-posttest evaluation. Conclusions: The findings confirmed that self-acupressure is an effective nursing intervention to not only decrease eye fatigue experienced by college students, but also increase their class concentration.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to present basic data for a healthy life by verifying the influencing factors of oral health self-awareness of baby boomers and eco-generation on daily stress. Methods: A total of 360 subjects (180 baby boomers and 180 eco-generation) were included in the final analysis. Results: The main influencing factors across the two groups were frequent drinking, the group recognizing bad breath, and temporomandibular joint disease; the more the groups recognized their overall oral health as negative, the higher the daily stress items were. Conclusions: This study verified the influencing factors through the analysis of the relationship between oral health and daily stress-related variables, and established the basis for preventing threatening factors of the baby boomer generation’s healthy retirement life.

Objectives: This study conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of exercise intervention in improving cognitive function among institutionalized elderly people with dementia. Methods: For data analysis, PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochran Library, RISS, DBpia, NDSL, KISS of studies published from 2000 to 2019 were systematically reviewed. Through this process, the average size effect of each variable was calculated and moderator variables were explored. Fourteen studies were identified and key words for searching included ‘dementia’, ‘exercise’, ‘cognitive function’. Cochrane's risk of bias for randomized studies was used to assess methodological quality. Data were analyzed using the R package version 4.0.2 program. Results: The total size effect of the exercise intervention program was average (SMD=0.52, 95% CI: 0.33~0.71, p<.0001). Statistically, moderator variable analyzed according to intervention type using meta-ANOVA showed no significant difference. Finally, no significant evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions: The results of the study show that the exercise intervention is effective in improving cognitive function in institutionalized elderly people with dementia. Future research should examine the effects of non-pharmacological interventions targeting institutionalized elderly people with dementia in order to enhance their cognitive function.

Objectives: Frailty has been associated with increased mortality and treatment or surgical complications in elderly patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify sex differences in the predictors of frailty in elderly patients with cancer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study using data from the 4th Survey of Living Conditions of Elderly study conducted in 2017. Data of the elderly diagnosed with cancer were used for the analyses. Using the FRAIL scale, participants were classified into robust, prefrail, and frail groups. Results: Among the 391 participants with cancer (203 men and 188 women), the prevalence of frailty was found to be 24.6% and 32.4% in men and women, respectively. The predictors of frailty in men were low physical activity, dependency for instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), depression, and body mass index. The predictors in women included low physical activity, dependency for IADLs and old age. Conclusions: The predictors of frailty differed by sex. Frailty programs tailored to address different predictors may effectively prevent or delay the progression of frailty in elderly patients with cancer.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting suicidal ideation according to gender of the young-old(65~74y) and old-old(75y≤) adult in Korea. Methods: This study used data from the Ministry of Health and Welfare’s (MOHW) 2017 National Survey of Older Korean (NSOP 2017). Frequency analysis and  -test and -test were performed. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting young-old and old-old suicidal ideation by gender. The data used were analyzed using the SPSS Ver. 25.0 program. Results: Male young-old’s suicidal ideation was influenced by five or more chronic diseases (OR=4.91), not having spouse (OR=2.04), life dissatisfaction level (OR=1.09). Female young-old’s suicidal ideation was influenced by conflict with children (OR=1.65), life dissatisfaction (OR=1.09). Male old-old’s suicidal ideation was influenced by not having spouse (OR=2.85), conflict with children (OR=2.58), doing economic activity (OR=2.47), experienced fall (OR=1.83), life dissatisfaction level (OR=1.20). Female old-old’s suicidal ideation was influenced by conflict with children (OR=3.00), experienced fall (OR=1.58). Conclusions: It has been found that there are differences in factors affecting male and female young-old and old-old's suicidal ideation, so differentiated intervention by age cohorts and gender are needed.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the factors affecting suicidal ideation among Korean youth aged 19-34 years. Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV (2007-2009) and VII (2016-2017) were used. The participants were 1,163 respondents who had suicidal thoughts for one year. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 25.0, for Windows) for complex sample analysis (Rao-Scott χ2-test). Results: The factors affecting suicidal ideation among Korean youth differed between KNHANES IV and VII. The factors influencing suicidal ideation during the KNHANES IV period were weekly walking days, subjective health status, and smoking. On the other hand, in the KNHANES VII period, sex, number of family members, education level, subjective health status, and smoking were the influencing factors. Conclusions: In order to lower the suicide rate among young people and prevent suicide, it is necessary to develop and apply healthcare policies and intervention programs by considering factors associated with suicide.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the factors of suicidal behavior(suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts) by health risk behaviors(health risk behaviors and the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors and combination of health risk behaviors) among adolescents. Methods: We analyzed using the 2018 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey(14th). The secondary data analysis was used with frequencies, χ², and logistic regression. Results: According to logistic regression analysis, suicide behavior were associated with health risk behaviors factors, socio-demographic factors, and health status factors. Conclusions: The correlations between the adolescents’ suicide and health risk behavior factors were statistically significant.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing university students’quality of life related to oral health. Methods: Data from 176 students were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in oral health status according to sex(t=-2.42, p=.034), grade(F=4.30, p=.006), snack intake(t=-2.51, p=.013), smoking(t=2.41, p=.017), and disease(t=2.49, p=.014), and oral health behavior was significantly different according to major(t=3.04, p=.003), smoking(t=-3.76, p<.001), and last oral health education period(F=9.10, p<.001). As a result of multiple regression analysis, oral health status was found to be a significant related factor in oral health-related quality of life(β=.409, p<.001). Conclusions: Oral health management of university students is necessary, and active support and intervention from the school and the government should be made in the development and implementation of the oral health education program for university students.

Objectives: This study investigates the factors influencing the health-related quality of life of adults in Korea using EQ-5D. Methods: The t-test, ANOVA, a stepwise multiple regression analysis and a logistic regression, were performed. Results: The analysis, identified several statistically significant factors affecting health-related quality of life, including subjective health status, stress, depression, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis, arthritis, and stroke. Conclusions: The study underscores the need for introducing relevant policies to improve the quality of life for groups with relatively low socio-economic status. In addition, this study recommends a definitive prevention in public health perspective at the national level to improve the quality of life.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the lifestyle of the eco-generation and identify general factors, subjective psychological health, and oral health-related factors as related variables to assist in psychological health care and oral health projects and education. Methods: A survey was conducted on 192 patients, guardians, and simple visitors from 1979-1992 who visited a dental clinic in Seoul. Results: As a result of this study, the eco-generation has the highest health-seeking lifestyle and the lowest social-supporting lifestyle. Subjective psychological and oral health status were the most influential factors in all five lifestyle areas of the eco-generation. Conclusions: We examined the lifestyle and psychological and oral health related factors of the eco-generation, which is useful in that it has provided theoretical and practical implications for the eco-generation to realize a more positive lifestyle.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the periodontal tissue status in middle-aged and elderly people before and after scaling health insurance coverage, using data from the 2013 and 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 5,109 people were included in the study, including 2,593 persons from 2013 and 2,516 from 2018, whose insurance was scaled according to the following age groups: 40～64 years and 65 years or older. Results: The factors affecting the periodontal tissue status of the middle-aged and the elderly from the time when insurance began to cover tartar removal (a method of preventing and treating periodontal disease) differed significantly after five years. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish measures to improve access to oral health education for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between nursing character, critical thinking disposition, career decision making self-efficacy and clinical competency, and to examine the factors affection the clinical competency among nursing students. Methods: Participants were 192 nursing students. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from November 1 to November 30, 2019. Data were analyzed IBM SPSS Statistics version 21 software for descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Clinical competency was positively correlated with nursing character(r=.601, p<.001), critical thinking disposition(r=.531, p<.001) and career decision making self-efficacy(r=.571, p<.001). Factor affecting the clinical competency were nursing character(β=.405, p<.001), career decision making self-efficacy(β=.276, p<.001), grade(β=.185, p<.001) and religion(β=.131, p=.016). These factors explained 46.4% of variance in clinical competency. Conclusions: Measures to improve nursing personality and career decision making self-efficacy, and individual intervention as per the general characteristics should be sought, to improve the clinical competency among nursing students.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify Health department students’ knowledge, attitude and good death awareness toward advance medical directives and factors influencing their attitude. Methods: The study was a descriptive survey, carried out on 128 students from three different Health majors. Students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards advance medical directives and good death awareness were measured using structured self-reporting questionnaires. Results: The influence factors emerged in order of importance good death awareness (ß=.37, p<.001), legal knowledge of advance medical directives (ß=-.24, p=.002), gender (ß=.15, p=.002), with an explanatory power of 25.3% (F=11.61, p<.001). Conclusions: The results of this study provide basic data the development of good death awareness of educational programs advance medical directives for university Health major students.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the degree of COVID-19 prevention behavior and to identify its affecting factors among high school students. The participants were 135 students from two high schools located in J city. Methods: Data were collected from July 20 to 27, 2020 using self-reported questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS 25.0. Results: The subjects got a mean of 2.89 in COVID-19 prevention behavior (range 1-4). The factors that affected the COVID-19 prevention behavior revealed grade (β=-.352, p<.001), gender (β=-.374, p<.001), subjective health status (β=.186, p=.040), perceived susceptibility (β=.182, p=.038), and self-efficacy (β=-.172, p=.030). These factors explained 38.3% of the variance in COVID-19 prevention behavior. Conclusions: The results indicated that high school students have not taken enough COVID-19 prevention behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention strategies to improve the practice of COVID-19 prevention behavior among high school students, including subjective health status, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy.