Earticle

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the medical care utilization characteristics of general hospital(including tertiary general hospital) outpatients with mild chronic diseases. Methods: We analyzed the data of 3,907 patients over 18 years age with mild chronic diseases from the 2018 Korea Health Panel Survey. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors relevant to the use of the general hospital in the working-aged adults and elderly age groups. Results: In the working-aged adults group, the odds of using a general hospital increased when patients were men, had the highest income level, had more chronic diseases, and always received medical cost support. In the elderly group, the odds of using a general hospital increased when the patients were men, had a college education level or higher, had a disability, had more chronic diseases, and did not exercise. Conclusions: Among outpatients with mild chronic diseases, men with more chronic diseases tended to use the general hospital more, regardless of age.

Objectives : This study aims to verify whether psychological safety experienced in the job process mediates the relationship between the multifaceted workplace climate and the positive climate of medical institutions. Methods : The survey was conducted using online questionnaires from April 28 to May 1, 2020 for workers in hospitals. Results : First, the safety and service climates of hospitals' workplace climate had a significant effect on psychological safety. Second, all factors of hospitals‘ workplace climate showed a significant effect on the positive display climate, and the safety and service climates of hospitals’ workplace climate showed a significant effect on the positive experiential climate. Third, psychological safety partially mediated the relationship between service climate and positive experiential climate. Conclusions : It is necessary to build a desirable workplace climate that can promote management efficiency and establish affective management strategies. In addition, it is important to establish a positive affect climate strategy to improve mutual trust.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model of nursing work performance based on social exchange theory and workpalce learning theories. Methods: Data were collected any analyzed from 201 nurses working at seven hospitals in Kyeong-Nam Province from June 22 to July 16. Results: The goodness-of-fit of the final model was good(χ²/df=2.68, SRMR=.06, GFI=.88, AGIF=.82, IFI=.93, RMSEA=.09) and seven out of nine model paths were supported. Nursing work performance was both directly and indirectly affected by TMX and indirectly affected by LMX and planned learning. In particular, it was directly affected by unplanned learning. These variables accounted for 46% of nursing work performance. Conclusions: Nurses work performance can be improved by improving unplanned learning and TMX. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of TMX and implement various educational programs.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of compassion competence, role conflict, and job demands on geriatric nursing practices among nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: The sample consisted of 192 nurses from 11 long-term care hospitals. Data were collected through self-directed questionnaires and analyzed using t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression. Results: Geriatric nursing practice had a positive correlation with compassion competence, but a negative correlation with job demands. The factor that had the greatest influence on geriatric nursing practice was compassion competence(β=.407, p<.001), followed by job demands(β=-.252, p<.001), geriatric nursing educational experience(β=.209, p=.001), and career in a long-term care hospital(β=.165, p=.007). The explanatory power was 34%. Conclusions: This study confirmed that compassion competence, job demands, educational experience in geriatric nursing, and the nurses’ career in long-term care hospitals are factors affecting geriatric nursing practice. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare effective nursing interventions to improve the nurses’ geriatric nursing practice in long-term care hospitals. These might include improving compassion competence, reducing job demands, and developing and applying for various older adult education programs

Objectives: This study confirms the relationship between self-rated health level and mental health. Therefore, I tried to use it as a basic material when establishing a policy for promoting national health and when establishing a policy in the area of mental health that can be managed efficiently. Methods: Frequency analysis, cross-sectional analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used as statistical methods to investigate the relationship between self-rated health level and mental health. Results: The general characteristics of self-rated health level were significantly different in age, gender, education level, marriage status, health insurance, economic activity, monthly household income quintile, drinking status and smoking status. In terms of the association of mental health with self-rated health level, there was a significant difference between self-rated health level and depression, stress perception, suicide thoughts, suicide plans, and depression for more than two weeks. Conculsions: Therefore, it is necessary to prepare health management education and exercise methods according to people's age characteristics and to activate mental health and health education programs.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe association between change in daily life and perceived stress by using nationwide representative data to identify socially vulnerable population during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The Korea community health survey 2020 was used to address the research questions considering complex sample design effects. To analyze the relationship between change in daily life and perceived stress, binary logistic regression was employed. Results: Change in daily life was positively associated with perceived stress after controlling demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors (OR=0.12, p<.0001). Conclusions: In unpredictable and uncertain situation, restrictive measures to control COVID-19 and its spread have increased anxiety, worry, and negative mental health in the individuals and communities. The difference in resilience to stressful situations may be due to the differences in the individuals' defense mechanisms against internal and external situations. The results of this study indicate the need to support vulnerable populations for a smooth return to daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic and post COVID-19 era.

Objectives: This study identified the degree of COVID-19 stress, depression, and positive psychological capital in college students, the effect of COVID-19 stress on depression, and the mediating effect of positive psychological capital on depression. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey targeting college students enrolled in domestic colleges. There were a total of 300 survey respondents, and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0. Results: It was confirmed that COVID-19 stress in college students affects their level of depression, and positive psychological capital plays a positive role in controlling it. Conclusions: Regarding the positive psychological capital of college students, it is necessary to raise their level of resilience and optimism so that they can effectively manage the negative effects of COVID-19 stress and depression.

Objectives: In order to provide basic data for health promotion among Korean adults in the COVID-19 era, we attempted to identify the factors that stress and depression experiences have on sleep deprivation. Methods: This study used raw data from the 2020 Community Health Survey of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC, 2021a). Results: As a result of examining the relationship between depression experience and sleep deprivation in the community population, the incidence of sleep deprivation was high among men and women who experienced high levels of depression and subjective stress. Conclusions: In order to lower the level of depression and subjective stress, it is suggested that a depression and subjective stress management program and a systematic health management promotion program that strengthens the role of a national mental health center are needed, according to changes in social structure and forming a network with local welfare centers or counseling institutions.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between social support and depression in order adults according to gender and residence. Methods: A total of 6,350 surveys were conducted using 2018 KLoSA data from the Korea Employment Information Service. The relationship between social support and depression according to gender and residence was analyzed in persons aged 55 or older. Results: All participants, except males living in rural areas, suffered from depression because they interacted less with their adult children. The frequency of contact with their children did not significantly affect depression in older adults. All participants were more likely to experience depression as the regularity of interacting with close friends was lower. Older adult women those who are unemployed are more likely to suffer from depression. Conclusions: The predictive factors of depression in older adults differed according to sex and residence. Therefore, social support should be customized for each individual on a case-by-case basis.

Objectives: The study aimed to identify depression-related factors in Korean adults according to age group. Methods: This secondary data analysis used the 8th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019. The study sample included 5,041 adults over 20 years old. Data were analyzed by frequency, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression using SPSS 28.0. Results: Factors related to depression by life cycle were employment status, perceived stress for young adults, household income, subjective health status, and perceived stress for middle-aged adults. The factors affecting older adults were gender, subjective health status, and perceived stress. Conclusions: Factors related to depression should be considered major factors in screening at risk groups according to their life cycle. Perceived stress was particularly concerning as a significant variable related to depression in all age groups. Therefore, a depression prevention program to manage stress should be developed to relieve depression in at-risk groups.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the relationship between aging anxiety, self-efficacy, marital intimacy, and health promotion behaviors in middle-aged women aged 50 to 59 years, and to determine their effect on health promotion. Methods: The study participants 147 married women, selected through convenience sampling, who visited three small and medium-sized hospitals in metropolitan B for health check-ups. Results: Factors affecting the participants health promotion progress were marital intimacy (β=.29, p<.001), self-efficacy (β=.24, p=.001), and subjective health status (β=-.21, p=.005) and age (β=-.19, p=.008). The overall explanatory power was 27.1%, and marital intimacy was the most influential factor in health promotion. Conclusions: Therefore, to facilitate health promotion behavior and increase marital intimacy, programs in which couples can participants together with consideration and respect for each other should be developed. Moreover, the belief that late middle-aged women can lead a healthy life should be encouraged if it conveys your desired meaning.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the moderating effect of social support on the psychological adaptation of foreign workers. Methods: Factor, correlation, and regression analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between stress factors and the psychological adaptation of foreign workers. Results: Job stress (organizational fairness) and acculturation stress (culture shock) significantly affected foreign workers’ psychological adaptation through the moderating effect of acculturation stress (interpersonal relationships) and social support. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish a support system and countermeasures for foreign workers to successfully settle and adapt to life in Korea through cultural adaptation stress (interpersonal relationships) and social support.