Earticle

A rail-to-rail class-AB CMOS buffer amplifier is proposed in this paper to drive large capacitive loads. A new technique is used to reduce the leakage power of class-AB CMOS buffer circuits without affecting dynamic power dissipation .The name of applied technique is TRANSISTOR GATING TECHNIQUE, which gives the high speed buffer with the reduced low power dissipation (1.05%), low leakage and reduced area (2.8%) also. The proposed buffer is simulated at 45nm CMOS technology and the circuit is operated at 3V supply with Cadence software. This analog circuit is performed with reduced performance degradation as well as high current driving capability for the large input voltages. The proposed paper is achieved very high speed with very low propagation delay range i.e.(292×10-12). So the delay of the circuit is reduced to 10%. The settling time of this circuit is reduced by 30% (in ns) at 3V square wave input. The measured quiescent current is 56μA.

Grid Computing provides seamless and scalable access to wide-area distributed resources. Since, computational grid shares, selects and aggregates wide variety of geographically distributed computing resources and presents them as a single resource for solving large scale computing applications, there is a need for a scheduling algorithm which takes into account the various requirements of grid environment. Hence, this research proposes a new scheduling algorithm for computational grids that considers load balancing, fault tolerance and user satisfaction based on the grid architecture, resource heterogeneity, resource availability and job characteristics such as user deadline. This algorithm reduces the makespan of the schedule along with user satisfaction and balanced load. A simulation is conducted using Grid Simulator Toolkit (GridSim). The simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm has better makespan, hit rate and resource utilization.

This experimental study aimed to analyze the effect of rice husks as fine aggregate in terms of water-cement ratio, quality and size of coarse aggregate, and consistency of the mixture and determine how rice husk differ with other ordinary concrete mix as fine aggregate in terms of water adsorption, compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. This also aims to help contribute to the industry in saving the environment, to encourage the government to find solutions regarding the disposal to landfills of waste materials and save the environment, to provide new knowledge to the contractors and developers on how to improve the construction industry methods and services by using rice husk, and to sustain good product performance and meet recycling goals. Observations from the tests performed were conducted in the laboratory where precise data were gathered and completely attained

Solar Energy (SE) is accepted as a key resource for the future of the world. The utilization of SE could cover a significant part of the energy demand in the countries. Using of SE in its various aspects, therefore, is very attractive in this part of the world. A comprehensive review of the different designs, details of construction of the wide diversity of practically designs of SE systems reported previously is presented. Therefore, in this review paper, an attempt has been taken to summarize the past and current research in the field of SE technology. The main objectives of this research are to present the current status and future aspects of SE in the world by comprehensively reviewing various SE related studies conducted up to date and to highlight some corresponding available sustainable energy methods towards establishing energy policies.

Most of the image retrieval systems published and implemented have focused on basic features like color, shape and texture of an image with little or no consideration of the included text region of the image. In this work, we have developed an image retrieval system that works on finding similar composite images containing graphical shapes as well as text from a database of thousands of images. By proposing a novel method for text localization, extraction followed by detection, we have demonstrated how this method outperforms commercial OCR tools. The significant feature of this work is its handling the requirements of invariance to font size, design, text region orientation and its ability to give accurate result even in the presence of complex background and graphical elements. The methodology has been tested for English text but is capable to handle any other language.

The effect of antenna diversity for a double transmit and multiple receive antenna supported wireless communication system is investigated, that employs multi user Alamouti’s space time block coding (STBC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme on secured text message transmission. The FEC encoded Alamouti’s-MRC transmission system under investigation implements RSA cryptographic algorithm and deploys various multi-level digital modulations (16-PSK and 16-QAM) techniques over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels. Rayleigh channel correlation parameter ρ is varied from 0 to 0.9. It has been observed from the study that in case of without receive antenna diversity the system shows comparatively worst performance in 16-PSK scheme and satisfactory performance in 16-QAM for the correlation parameter ρ=0.9. It can also be seen that the system performance is improved with increase in number of receive antenna. The performance analysis shows that with implemented Alamouti’s-MRC scheme under 16-QAM digital modulation, the system provides excellent performance over a significantly low signal to noise ratio (SNR) values.

Software development, as a whole, is a complex process and on top of it, the requirements keep changing during the development phase. Software configuration management happens to be the most critical part as it necessitates doing considerable modification in the software design and code. Agile software development process provides a solution to such a changing environment. Agile methods use an incremental approach to develop high quality software within time, cost and other associated constraints through several iterations. In this paper we provide a critical assessment of the agile software development process in a systematic manner. This study is based on the survey of previous research reported in the contemporary literature and the practices being followed in this area.

This manuscript presents the designing and investigative aspects of a low power, wide frequency range, and delay cell based 3 and 5-stage ring oscillator for RF-Ultra-Wide-Band application. The wide range of frequency is achieved by using two variable voltage sources i.e. control voltage source (Vcntrl) and tail current source (Vtail). A tail current improvement is responsible to control the charging and discharging time of oscillator. Moreover, the push-pull configuration is also used to attain high frequency. In addition, the proposed work presents the effect of control voltage and tail current source on the oscillator frequency. This work establishes a relation between oscillator frequency and its power consumption. This work also gives a comparison between 3-stage and 5-stage ring oscillator. The circuit is implemented in 180 nm CMOS process provided by TSMC. The designed oscillator is measured to cover a frequency range of 1.3 – 5.7 GHz for 3-stage and 1.99 – 3.12 GHz for 5-stage ring oscillator. The simulated circuit draws 0.510 mW of average power for 3-stage ring oscillator and 0.719 mW average power for 5-stage ring oscillator.