Earticle

In this paper a new volumetric three dimension metamaterial design has been proposed. The structure consists of spherical balls of stainless steel and substrate of Bakelite. The structure is simulated from 1 to 20 GHz and show negative refractive in this range. Reflection and transmission coefficient (s-parameter) is used to calculate the effective permittivity and permeability of the structural. Refractive index of the structure is then calculated using effective permittivity and permeability of the structural. Due to negative refractive index it exhibits several unusual properties like focusing of light even with flat surfaces. This material can be easily incorporated with microstrip antennas to get highly directional beam patterns by using it as a substrate.

Recycling of concrete debris can make a contribution to reduce the total environmental impact of the building sector. To increase the scope for recycling in the future, aspects of recycling have to be included in the design phase. Besides, aggregate sources near Metro Manila are almost depleted, so aggregates have to be brought from far quarries. Consequently, reclaiming aggregates from concrete debris would lead to environmental and economic benefits. This experimental study aimed to use crushed concrete debris as alternative fine aggregate in a mortar mixture. A conventional mortar mixture will be compared to concrete debris mixture of the same proportions.

Ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes where wireless radio interface connects each device in MANET to move freely, independently and randomly. Routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network helps to communicate source node with destination node by sending and receiving packets. The communication between these mobile nodes is carried out without any centralized control. Thus it is necessary to analyze the behavior of different routing protocols under different environments. Many studies have been done on the performance evaluation of routing protocols of MANET, but most of these studies are based on IPv4. On the other hand Ipv6 is gaining popularity because it has some additional feature over Ipv4 as it supports multicasting, multi-homing, efficient routing. Ipv6 is more secure as compared to IPv4 and has large address space to support. In this paper performance of four proactive ad hoc routing protocols Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) Improvement Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (I-DSDV) Zone routing protocol (ZRP) evaluated under Ipv6 environment on the basis of end to end delay, packet delivery fraction, routing overhead. The objective of this paper is to investigate how these routing protocols behave under IPv6 environment and identify which routing protocol perform better. Ns-2 is used as simulation tool.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of many low cost, low power devices with sensing, local processing and wireless communication capabilities. In these networks energy constraint is very important. Routing protocols form one of the most important communication paradigms that greatly affect the performance of the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we compare the performances of six hierarchical based routing protocols when mobile sink is used. We perform analytical simulations in terms of network lifetime and average energy consumption.

The author describes the results of experiments where small samples of cellulose are submitted to short flashes of concentrated solar radiation. Also it shows the optical properties of cellulose with respect to the efficiency of sunlight absorption. The aim of the first part of paper is to briefly describe the different solar chemical reactions being studied in the world presently. The second part tells that concentrated radiation can also be used to study the basic biomass thermal degradation. Concentrated solar energy can be used to drive the thermochemical processes. Many types of chemical systems can be considered for the production of chemical energy carriers. The solar thermochemical conversion of carbonaceous feedstock is the one of the most suggested option. Concentrated radiations can be used to drive endothermic reactions under controllable and clean conditions of high heat flux densities. Biomass is a carbonaceous material. So special emphasis is given on biomass conversion using solar energy.

Based on the disadvantages of the original LMD algorithm in terms of smoothing method and end effect, this paper puts forward a fault diagnosis method of rotor system based on the improved LMD and singular value decomposition. The PF (Product function) component obtained after applying the improved LMD method is able to separate the aliasing modes while maintaining the natures and features of the original PF component. Thus, the system’s real information can be grasped more effectively. According to the experimental analysis, this method can be applied to fault diagnosis of rotor system effectively.