Earticle

Considerable challenges are encountered when bulk CMOS devices are scaled into the sub-100 nm regime for higher integrated circuit (IC) density and performance. Due to their excellent scalability and better immunity to short channel effects, double-gate (DG) MOSFETs are being easily assessed for CMOS applications beyond the 70 nm of the SIA roadmap. For channel lengths below 100 nm, DG MOSFETs still show considerable threshold voltage roll off and to overcome this effect, different gate engineering techniques can be widely used. In this paper, we investigate the influence of gate engineering on the analog and RF performances of dual material double gate (DM-DG) MOSFETs for system-on-chip applications with high K dielectrics using a 2D device simulator. Equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of gate oxide can be reduced by the usage of high K dielectric materials. The gate engineering technique used here is the dual metal gate technology. This novel structure shows better immunity to DIBL and improved analog performance like trans conductance generation factor, early voltage, output resistance.

Oils spills broach high degree of pollution into the “blue” bodies which are considered fatal for the water ecosystem. So these oil spills need to be spotted at right time to prevent this disaster pursue. Many techniques are very actively inculcated for the same. Synchronous Aperture Radars (SAR) which is a space borne technique is primarily used for this purpose. Techniques which were used a way back beard its own hiders as follows: (1) the distinguishion between the look-alikes and the oil spills did not meet the satisfying accuracy, (2) the desired precision of clarity in the images were not obtained, (3) the oil territory were not detected to a accurate topology. So considering into the hurdles faced by the previously used techniques, we propose a novel system based on a fuzzy control filtering approach. It uses adaptively varying membership functions and incorporating fuzzy associative memory (FAM) with conventional multilevel median filter (MLMF) to detect the oil spills in SAR images. It also preserves object boundaries and structures, while removing noise effectively in the region of heterogeneous physical properties. This is an attempt to enhance spatial resolution and sensitivity of SAR images for better visualization and analysis. The system minimises the output mean squared error by tuning the shape of the membership function. A parabolic membership function is used, for the first time, to adaptively fine tune the reduction of noise level in the tomograms. The performance of the system is tested using oil spill SAR images. The system restores images corrupted with speckle noises of different levels. High impulse noise is effectively eliminated without significant loss in the sharpness of the image features. System performance is evaluated visually as well as by computing quantitative metrics such as standard deviation error (SDE), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized mean square error (NMSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Numerical measures show fuzzy filters to outperform the convincing performance that is superior to the conventional MLMF method. Among the two membership functions, the parabolic funcion is found to be more effective in noise removal.

Recent advances in wireless communications have made use of MC-CDMA and OFDM techniques to allow for high data rate transmission. Rapid time variations of the wireless communication channel have a effect on the performance of multicarrier modulation. In this paper, we emphasis the Doppler spread and Computes its effect on the bit error rate (BER) for multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Also, we evaluate the channel capacity to quantify the potential of MC-CDMA and OFDM. We evaluate the effect of Doppler spread with Doppler shift at various carrier frequencies. We also evaluate the capacity of LTI, OFDM, MC-CDMA and RAYLEIGH channels.

The Muskingum-Cunge flood routing procedure has been incorporated into the Natural Resources Conservation Service Technical Release 20 (TR-20) hydrologic model. The TR-20 model is an event watershed hydrologic model used to analyze impacts of watershed changes (land use, reservoir construction, channel modification, etc) on volume of runoff and peak discharge. Rainfall runoff modeling is very important in the planning and management of available water resources in a watershed. In this paper, a SCS-based unit hydrograph has been used to simulate the overland flow. Muskingum-Cunge hydrological routing method has been used for channel routing. Hydrologic processes such as infiltration losses and runoff are considered in the present model. Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been used to estimate the spatial variation of the hydrological parameters, which are used as input to the model. The runoff is considered as overland flow and channel flow. In the present work, Madikonda watershed, Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh is the study area. The geographical location of this watershed is in between North latitudes 17° 45′- 18° 00′ and East longitude 79° 15′- 79° 30′. The watershed has an area of 35.9 Sq.Km. The complete watershed has been divided into six sub watersheds. The runoff from subwatersheds has been routed to the watershed outlet through channel network. The developed model is capable for simulating the event based runoff in the watersheds.

The purpose of this research is for the establishment of Collaborative learning based mobile factors. We focus on three aspects, computer-supported collaborative learning, learning process module, and student learning mode. In this paper, student-focused lecture module, student interface module, teacher interface module, learner module, solution problem module, curriculum module, control module, and diagnose module are designed. This system allows students to be supported with an real time mode, non-real time mode, mixture mode. The devices used include smart phone, PDAs, mobile devices, portable computers and tablet PDAs. This system is to become a more capable student learning environment so that student can get student’s learning done more efficiently. The development of a collaborative learning combines the advantages of an adaptive learning environment with the benefits of mobile telecommunication and the flexibility of mobile devices.