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This paper specifically delineated the methodological application of constructivism in smart tourism studies. It explained what constructivism is and how this methodology could be applied in the study of smart tourism. In this study, residents of Seoul participated in constructivist research using the Q method to identify their subjectivities toward Seoul based on photographs most commonly found in tourism promotional material. Residents are concerned with good governance and cultural integrity, and they are aware of their role as stakeholders in tourism in their communities. However their potential contribution to destination image formation has been usually overlooked by researchers and marketers. Three clusters of subjectivities were revealed after 42 photographs of Seoul were sorted by 37 respondents. The results show how respondents perceived Seoul’s destination image. The three clusters agreed that symbolic monuments were the key representations of Seoul. The paper recommends that tourism marketers and policy makers should focus on understanding and coordinating with residents’ perceived image of Seoul as a destination when planning and decision making, especially in promoting Seoul as a destination market. This study, in conjunction with other constructivist research offers insight into how destination image is, especially with the rise of smart tourism, a complex social construction.

This study is focused on the investigation of the utilization of tourism information quality in social media with respect to destination image formation. To fulfill the objectives of the study, the paper uses two methods; literature review and empirical analysis. The literature review refers to existing studies, and reestablishes the concept of tourism information quality in social media, and identifies the cognitive, affective and conative aspects of tourism destination image. On the other hand, the empirical analysis is based on the questionnaire given to the users provided with tourism information in social media. The results of the questionnaire make use of the sample size of 212 Chinese respondents who have experience of utilizing tourism information in social media. The results indicate that vividness and mutual interaction as the contextual characteristics of tourism information in social media show a meaningful positive relationship with cognitive image and affective image, and those images shows a meaningful positive relationship with conative image related with behavioral factors such as intention to visit. This study will contribute theoretically to confirming empirically the relationship between tourism information quality in social media and destination image. In addition, this provides empirical evidence supporting former studies about destination image formation. In terms of practical contribution, this study will help to build tourism marketing strategies utilizing social media to attract more tourists and construct new tourism business models or strategies related with social media.

The purpose of this study is to analysis of changing destination image about tourism destination regeneration by using text mining. For this, this study collected data containing ’Jeonju hanok village’ keywords from blogs, news and webpages on Naver, Daum, Twitter and Facebook during twelve years, 2007 through 2018. Data were collected by using TEXTOM, a data collecting and processing program and from those data, density, degree centrality were analyzed by utilizing packaged NetDraw along with UCINET. As a result of the analysis, the amount of positive data increased steeply after the urban regeneration. it was found that the Image of tourism destination regeneration was improved. Based on the results of this analysis, the following implications are suggested. this study has expanded methodologies used in the tourism field. The main limitation of this study is that the subject of the research was limited to blogs and cafés based on the Korean portal site Naver, Daum and Google. This online data collects in targeting only Korean, it can’t generalize too much except other target. Second, It is difficult to generalize as the research is conducted around Jeonju Hanok Village. In future research, it is deemed necessary to check the change in perception caused by the tourism regeneration more comprehensively.

This study aims at verifying the effect of destination attractiveness for national park on tourist satisfaction and behaviour intention. It also measures the relationships among destination attractiveness, tourist satisfaction and behavior intention using destination image of functional and psychological perspective as moderating variable. A survey was conducted to tourists of Gyeryong Mountain National Park. Based on hypothesis testing, tourism environments and tourism conditions have significant influence on tourists' satisfaction in terms of destination attractiveness and tourist satisfaction for Gyeryong Mountain National Park. In addition, tourism environment and tourism guide affected revisit intention in terms of destination attractiveness and revisit factors. Meanwhile, tourism guide had significant effect on destination attractiveness and visitor recommendation. Finally, functional and psychological destination image had significant effects on destination attractiveness, satisfaction, revisit, and recommendation.

The purpose of this study was to assess the images of 10 cites and counties of Jeonnam Province (i.e.,Yeosu, Gurye, Damyang, Mokpo, Suncheon, Boseong, Haenam, Jindo, Wando and Gangjin) as tourist destinations, and to suggest tourism promotion and development strategies of the regions based on the images. Data were collected from 550 residents of Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Gyungnam Province and Gwangju metropolitan city. Results from this study can be summarized as follows: (1)Yeosu and Gurye were the best regions that have good image both in tourism infrastructure (i.e., transportation system, lodging, entertainment facilities) and attractions (i.e., natural beauty, cultural resources, local food, event and festivals. (2) Mokpo and Suncheon had relatively good image in tourism infrastructure while they had relatively bad image in tourist attractions. (3) In contrast, Damyang, Boseong, Haenam, Jindo, Wando and Gangjin had relatively good images in tourist attractions while they had relatively bad image in tourism infrastructure. Based on the results from this study, several points were made from the regional tourism promotion and development point of view.

차별화 된 관광지 마케팅 전략을 수립하기에 앞서 소비자의 마음속에 해당 관광지의 이미지가 어떻 게 형성되어 있는가를 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 소셜미디어에서 추출한 빅데이터를 활 용하여 관광지 이미지의 구성요소를 분석하고, 나아가 시간의 흐름에 따라 관광지에 대한 태도 및 이미 지가 어떻게 변화해 왔는지를 탐색 해 보고자 하였다. 구체적으로, 최근 아세안 관광시장에서 가장 괄 목할 만한 성장을 보이고 있는 말레이시아를 실례연구 대상으로 선정하여, 국내 최대 포탈 사이트 내 블로그와 까페에 기록된 해당 관광지 관련 문건을 분석하였다. 기간별 분석을 위해 전문가 자문을 바탕 으로 데이터 생성 시점을 총 4개 구간으로 분류하였으며, 말레이시아 관광지에 대한 소비자의 태도가 시간의 흐름에 따라 어떻게 변화하였는지를 이해하기 위해 감성분석(sentiment analysis)을 실시하였다. 또한, 말레이시아 관광지에 대한 이미지를 구성하는 요소들의 변화 양상을 살펴보기 위해 단어빈도-역 문서빈도(TF-IDF) 지수에 따른 출현빈도 상위 키워드를 살펴보고, 이를 관광지 이미지 결정요소 분류 에 따라 구분하였다. 본 연구는 관광지 이미지 분석을 위해 소셜미디어 상의 빅데이터가 어떻게 활용될 수 있는가를 실제 사례 분석을 통해 보여주며, 말레이시아 지역의 관광지 마케팅 전략수립에 유용한 다 양한 시사점을 제공해 준다는 점에서 차별적 가치가 있다.

Understanding tourism destination image is very important to find the best way to strengthen its market competetiveness. To explore tourism destination image of Malaysia, this study employed a series of big data analyses instead of conducting a survey. Specifically, a total of 76,058 data related to ‘Malaysia tour’ from Korean online cafes and blogs, written between January 2010 and September 2020, were used for our analysis. In order to conduct time-based analyses, the period was divided into four sections based on qualitative interviews with professionals in the tourism market. The collected data was classifed into nouns, adjectives, and verbs using Python Korean morpheme analyzer. Then, a series of big data analysis techniques were employed to understand consumers’ attitude toward Malaysia tourism and the elements of destination image of Malaysia. The findings are summarized as folllows. First, consumers on social media seemed to have positive attitudes toward Malaysia tourism throughout the entire research period of the current study, even though the score for the COVID 19 pandemic period was decreased by 12% compared to that of the previous one. Second, the TF-IDF analysis for the keywords suppoted the idea that the image elements of Malaysia were affected by the expansion of airline routes as well as affordable accomodations. The result of this study provides valuable insights for the tourism policy makers as well as practitioners in the tourism market.

This study tried to identify waiting time of numerous domestic and overseas visitors to Yeosu EXPO to enter various exhibits and events. Accordingly, the implications of this study can be summarized as follows. First, it was identified there was relationship between waiting time and emotional responses in Yeosu EXPO. It was found that they were willing to accept long waiting time in Yeosu EXPO and accordingly they tried to reduce resistance against waiting time watching various events and neighboring landscapes while they were waiting. Second, it was found that emotional responses of visitors made positive effects on holding city image. In Yeosu EXPO, visitors could be happy and enthusiastic while they were watching 400 programs and more than 8,000 times of cultural performances and events all over around. It was found that they had good holding city image when they had higher positive emotional responses such as joy and satisfaction for EXPO environments and felt that various programs of EXPO excellent. Third, it was confirmed that there was correlation between city image and national image. When visitors to Yeosu EXPO had positive image on holding city, they had positive image on the corresponding nation. It was hoped that Yeosu EXPO could be an ignition for Korea and Yeosu city through holding Yeosu EXPO.

The purpose of this study was to segment the degree of visitors’ perception on convention destination marketing mix(5P's) and to see if there were any significance differences among the segmented groups in terms of destination image, visitors' satisfaction, and behavior intention. Convention destination can be considered as a product to bring more conventions and events in specified place, affecting positive economic, social, and cultural impacts. Thus, marketing activities and performances should be evaluated and monitored. Even though convention visitors' perception and attitudes regarding the destination marketing activities are important, only few research has been discussed. Therefore, this study tried to discuss general convention marketing activities and to segment visitors' perception of them. More detailed discussion and implication are provided in the conclusion section.

본 연구의 목적은 여행지 이미지가 여행자의 만족도와 애호도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아보는 것이다. 또한 한국과 베트남 여행자 사이에 영향요인에 유의적인 차이가 있는가를 파악하여 관광전략수립에 지침을 제공하고자 한다. 본 연 구는 여행지 이미지, 여행자의 만족도, 애호도의 관계에 대한 실증적이고 이론적인 자료를 검증함으로써 애호 도를 이해하는 방법을 제공하였다. 연구모형과 5개 연구가설을 설정하였다. 총 420개의 설문지가 수집되었고 연구목적에 따라 탐색적 요인분석(EFA: Exploratory Factor Analysis)과 확인적 요인분석(CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis)을 실시하였고 구조 방정식 모형(SEM: Structural Equation Modeling)을 사용하였다. 자료분석 결과는 다 음과 같다. (1) 여행지 이미지가 여행자의 속성 만족도에 영향을 미치며 (2) 여행지 이미지 와 속성 만족도는 여행자의 전반적인 만족도의 선행 요인이고 (3) 속성 만족도와 전반적인 만족도가 애호도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. (4) 한국과 베트남여행자 사이에 부분적으로 영향 요인에 차이가 있었다. 따라서 국가별로 관광객 유치 홍보 포지셔닝이 달라져야함을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구결과의 전략적 의미와 함께 연구의 한계와 미래 연구방향도 제시하였다.

This study is to investigate that the image of destination has an impact on the tourists' satisfaction and tourists' loyalty. The objective of this article was to examining the relationship between destination image, satisfaction and destination loyalty in both Korea and Vietnam. All relationships were tested together using structural equation model. After reviewing related literature, The research model was developed in which five hypotheses were suggested. A total of 420 questionnaires were collected and the data was analyzed using StructuralEquation Model(SEM). The results supported the proposed research model: all relationships among destination image, attribute satisfaction, tourists' overall satisfaction, and destination loyalty. and also this results showed that Vietnamese tourists are higher influenced than Korean tourists. It means that overall satisfaction and tourist loyalty will depend on many different factors. we also need to be caution of the fact that our findings could not be generalized to all the consumers and countries.

Almost all Koreans recognize the Dolhareubang as a representative symbol of Jeju. However, as the development of online technology progressed, the image and perception of the Dolhareubang is also expected to change. Thus, this study explored the perceived images of Dolhareubang by focusing on residents in Seoul, Korea using Q methodology. The goal of this research was to evaluate this iconic representation of Jeju as an important component of the island’s online tourism destination image. The Q-set was developed from existing literature and defined conceptually in terms of ‘value’, ‘resource’, ‘story’, and ‘image’. Thirty five respondents were recruited as P set. Findings indicated four distinctive clusters that perceived the Dolhareubang differently and differences in perceptions were observed in terms of age. The examination of destination image and the exploration of the perceptions of Dolharuebang as a representative of Jeju could contribute to online destination image management or development, which is a crucial component of smart tourism.

Research on destination image has been a main theme in the travel context. The study on convention destination image, especially focusing on Asian cities received little attention in the literature. This study empirically investigated the attendees’ perceived image of Beijing as a convention destination, the relationships between perceived image and overall impression and the intention of revisit in the future. The results show that the perceived image is composed of four dimensions, named organizer and venue capability, hotel facility, humanistic atmosphere and natural environment. Using multiple regression analyses, it is found that humanistic atmosphere, natural environment and organizer and venue capability have positive impact on overall impression; all four factors have positive impact on intention of revisit. It is also found that humanistic atmosphere, natural environment and organizer and venue capability are the key factors determining the attendees’ overall impression and revisit intention. However, the average perceived satisfactory level of natural environment, especially the air quality is much lower than other image attributes. It can be concluded that the air quality in Beijing must be improved significantly to improve the perceived image among all participants, and encourage convention attendees to visit Beijing again. Other suggestions and managerial implication are given too.

The pandemic has caused significant blows to the global economy, including the Chinese economy, with the tourism industry bearing a heavy brunt. Drawing from prospect theory, the purpose of this study is to find the effect of the post-pandemic destination image of China and risk perception on attitudes and approach behaviors toward China. The survey was conducted on potential tourists in South Korea, and structural analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) techniques were utilized to assess the relationships between variables. The results highlight positive China's destination image among tourists primarily concerning destination safety, natural environment, cultural richness, infrastructure, and local products and services. However, there persists a perceived psychological and health and safety risk regarding attitudes toward traveling to China and associated approach behaviors. Particularly, current research findings discover that the importance of perceived risk for approach behaviors outweighs that of destination image. Theoretical and practical contributions with future research inquiry are also provided.

정보통신기술의 발달로 인해 잠재 관광객은 인터넷으로 여행 정보를 수집한다. 관광 객들은 온라인 플랫폼에서 여행과 관련된 계획, 전략 등을 포스팅하고 여행 경험을 공 유한다. 이러한 온라인 텍스트는 관광객의 경험과 느낌을 주관적으로 설명한다. 본 연 구는 이러한 텍스트를 기반으로 목적지 이미지를 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 Ctrip.com에 게시된 여행 관련 텍스트 중 베이징의 사례를 수집하여 정리하였다. ROST CM6 소프트웨어를 사용하여 빈도가 높은 특징 단어를 추출하고, 네트워크 텍스트 분석 을 사용하여 베이징의 인지적 이미지, 정서적 이미지 및 추천의도를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 관광객은 목적지의 관광명소에 대한 인지적 이미지가 가장 강하게 나타나 는 것으로 나타났다. 정서적 이미지는 관광객의 긍정적인 감정에 영향을 주지만, 추천 의도를 명확하게 나타내지는 않았다. 분석된 결과를 바탕으로 베이징의 관광지 이미지 제고를 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

With the development of internet, potential tourists began to search travel information of destination through the internet. At the same time, tourists also share their travel experiences by publishing travel notes and tips on online social platforms. These online texts from tourists describe their experiences and feelings of the destination from a subjective perspective, are also providing original data of destination image for researchers. This paper takes Beijing as a case study site, collected travel notes on Ctrip.com, used ROST CM6 to extract high-frequency feature words, and used network text analysis to analyze Beijing’s cognitive image, emotional image, and recommendation intentions. It can be found that the tourists have the strongest perception of the tourist attractions in the cognitive image, and shown a positive emotional image. Otherwise, the recommendation intention is not very clear. According to the results, relevant destination strategies to enhance the image of Beijing’s are proposed.

This research was designed to investigate potential tourists’ perceptions of blog content and blogger in the tourism context. More specifically, this study explored how social presence of others (locals vs. international tourists) on a travel blog influenced potential tourists’ visiting intention toward a destination. It also examined how perceived blog content credibility and blogger credibility influenced destination image and visiting intention. This study collected a total of 237 responses through an online research panel using an experimental design and analyzed the data by performing t-test and multiple regression. As a result of the analysis, when a travel blog presented social presence of international tourists who interacted with a blogger positively enhanced potential tourists’ visiting intention toward a destination, compared to a case of blogger-only. In addition, both blog content and blogger credibility positively influenced potential tourists’ visiting intention, while only blogger credibility enhanced positive destination image in their mind. Based on these results, this study suggested that marketing professionals in tourism should make efforts to expose social interactions between visitors and international tourists more effectively and frequently by asking visitors to post travel blogs in an authentic and reliable manner.

관광목적지 이미지는 관광객들의 관광목적지 선택의 의사결정 과정에서 고려하는 중요한 요 인이다. 따라서 긍정적인 관광객의 관광목적지 이미지 확립은 관광목적지의 관광마케팅에서 관광매력성을 크게 증가시킬 수 있다. 2005년 이래로 중국에 입국하는 한국 관광객들이 꾸준 하게 증가하여 주요 방문국 중의 하나가 되었다. 2011년에는 중국 방문 한국 관광객 수는 4,185,400명을 기록함으로서 지금까지 최고를 기록하였다. 중국에서 가장 크고 번화한 항구도 시인 상하이에 한국 관광객들은 최대 관광국 3국 중 하나를 구성하고 있다. 한국 관광객들이 가져올 수 있는 잠재력이 크기 때문에 그들이 상하이에 관한 도시 이미지에 대해 어떻게 지각 하고 있는가를 연구하는 것은 중요하다고 하겠다. 본 연구는 연구대상으로 한국 관광객을 대 상으로 하여 확률표본추출방식과 실증연구조사기법을 사용한 결과 첫째, 한국 방문객들의 사 회 인구통계학 변수들은 부분적으로 그들이 지각하는 상하이의 이미지에 영향을 미치는 것으 로 나타났으며, 둘째, 그들이 지각하는 상하이의 이미지는 그들의 전반적인 만족도에 부분적으 로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 한국 방문객들의 상하이에 대한 전반적인 만족도에 영향을 미치는 이미지 각 속성들이 평가되었으며, 미래의 마케팅 전략이 논의되었다.

The research objectives of this study are firstly, to test whether visit times, traveling method, travel purpose, stay period, information sources, will significantly affect South Korean tourists’ image about Shanghai and secondly, to test whether gender, age, marital status, education level, income, occupation, will significantly affect South Korean tourists’ image about Shanghai and thirdly to test whether the factors of Shanghai’s city image will significantly affect the overall satisfaction of tourist visiting Shanghai. This research shows firstly that Shanghai is a destination for South Korean tourists to enjoy their leisure activities. Therefore, in order to attract more South Korean tourists, it is necessary to propagate Shanghai’s destination image through the travel agency. Secondly, Shanghai should focus on women around 40 to 50 years old and establishing a positive culture metropolis image could attract these kinds of consumers’ interesting. Thirdly, culture attributes of Shanghai’s destination image have the most influential effects on satisfaction and facilities environment attributes and the leisure attributes rank second and third. If managers could set a marketing strategy at the core of these attributes, it is beneficial to improve the tourist destination image of Shanghai.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of residents’ perception of tourism destination regeneration on the tourism destination image and place attachment. In addition, this study proposed the mediating effect of tourism destination image on the relationship between residents’ perception of tourism destination regeneration and place attachment. The empirical analysis was analyzed using the SPSS WIN Ver. 22.0 statistical package program after the questionnaire was collected, and the survey was conducted to 250 residents in Joenju-si, Jeollabuk-do from October 27 to October 28 in 2018 and 213 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. The results are as follows. First, the effect of residents’ perception of tourism destination regeneration on the tourism destination image was partially adopted, and the residents seemed to emphasize particularly the perception of environmental factor in creating the positive tourism destination image. Second, the effect of residents’ perception of tourism regeneration on the place attachment was partially adopted, and the residents’ perception of economic regeneration seemed to be the most important factor affecting the place attachment. Third, the tourism destination image mediated the relationship between residents’ perception of tourism destination regeneration and place attachment. In conclusion, it is important to create the positive tourism destination image and place attachment by promoting the economic and environmental tourism destination regeneration performance to the residents.

As a precedent study on tourism destinations, there has been a study on the causal relationship between attributes and roles of tourist destination or sources of tourist destination information and causality of tourist satisfaction, but the case of tourism destination information focused on supplier (marketer) There is no situation. The purpose of this study is to develop and test a comprehensive theoretical model for the brand of destination for the purpose of branding, brand image, brand attachment, satisfaction and intention to visit again. Based on the above concept, this study hypothesized the relationship between the reliability of mobile tourism information, the image of tourist destination, the attachment of tourist destination, the satisfaction of tourist destination, and the intention to visit again, that is, the five structures. 370 questionnaires were sampled through tourists visiting Ganghwa Island, which has a history of modern history that is accessible to Jeju Island and the metropolitan area designated as seven of the world's most scenic landscapes. The results of this study are as follows.

Country image and travel destination image are two relatively independent as well as paralleled research fields, but these two constructs are similar and overlapped. This paper integrates both country image and travel destination image to explore the effects of potential Chinese tourists' travel intentions. Our research shows that country character image, country competence image and country affective image are positive significantly related to tourists' travel intentions. Travel destination cognitive image and affective image are also positive significantly associated to tourists' travel intentions. In addition, we find country character image, country competence image and country affective image are significantly related to travel destination cognitive image, but only country character image and country affective image are significantly associated to travel destination affective image. More results and their implications are discussed toward the end.

Along with economic growth, people are paying more attention to improving the quality of life as national income increases and leisure time becomes more important. In order to build a positive tourism image of Korean tourism for foreign students, increase satisfaction with Korean tourism, and maximize the attraction of foreign students, in this study, foreign students find out what the purpose of tourism is when they choose to visit Korea, The purpose of this is to select a tourist destination based on what criteria when visiting, and to clarify the image and revisit intention of the tourist destination after the tour. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a research hypothesis was established and a questionnaire survey was conducted for foreign student tourists who had visited tourist destinations in Korea from March 20 to May 28, 2021. The study results can be summarized as follows. First, except for the safety and convenience factor among the tourist destination selection attributes, three factors of facility, service, and hospitality were found to have a significant effect on the tourist image and revisit intention. Second, 4 factors of experience quality, attractiveness, environment, and accessibility according to the tourist destination image had a significant effect on the intention to revisit. Based on these important findings, the policy implications, limitations, and future directions of the study were also discussed.