Earticle

Despite advances in streaming technology, QoS while streaming videos has remained a point of issue. Current video streaming services in particular suffer from technical issues such as buffering and intermittence. The integrity of the data using TCP and the rapid transfer of data using UDP can both be utilized by implementing a dual adaptive streaming system. To implement a dual adaptive streaming system, a real-time incoming video process using the H.264 video encoding, and a server and client both using TCP and UDP are needed. By adapting to the client’s networks conditions, buffering and interruptions can be reduced for video and other types of media streaming.

This paper deals with the problems of control strategy of the fashion company. The input-output model is founded based on the singular stochastic dynamic Leontief input-output model. A new mathematic method is applied to study the singular systems without converting them into general linear systems. The parameter uncertainties are considered and are assumed to be time-invariant and Markovian jumping. A new stability criterion for singular system is given to ensure the robust stability of singular input-output model in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, the corresponding computer control algorithm is provided.

There are many ways to improve unreliable datagram protocol (UDP) for video streaming applications. One of them is by using negative acknowledgement (NACK). This paper proposed UDP enhancement by using both NACK-based retransmission and medium access (MAC) layer support for uplink video streaming application in WiMAX networks. Mathematical models and analysis are presented to compare protocol performances in relation to delay and packet loss. The analysis is then confirmed through simulations using the ns-2 simulator. The results show that by reducing the number of NACK packets within one video frame and utilizing MAC support could reduce effective loss rate and delay significantly.

Although perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are two important factors which could directly influence the acceptance of technology and actual usage for digital textbook, less attention has been paid to children’s mobile digital textbook usage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and empirically validate the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use by elementary school students during their usage of digital textbook. For data analyses, two questionnaires were developed using existing scales from prior TAM instruments. The sample of this study included 5,245 elementary school students in China who have experience of using digital textbook. The results indicate that students believe that using mobile digital textbook enhance their study performance, but they believe it is not very easy to use. Besides, gender, grade and parents’ attitudes towards mobile digital textbook affect the usage. Gender differences exist only in the perceived ease of use. Male students make less effort in using mobile digital textbook than female students. In addition, the students in lower grades tend to have more positive perspectives on mobile digital textbook than the students in higher grades. Furthermore, mobile digital textbook usage experience (time & frequency) has a significant effect on the students’ perceived usefulness. Finally, parents’ attitudes towards mobile digital textbook influence their children’s perceived usefulness.

Aiming at solving problem of points’ redundancy caused by full automatically detecting points and the problem of large workload caused by picking all points manually, I advanced a new method of picking points which is based on Human-Computer Interaction in our 3D reconstruction platform after automatically detecting points. We first detected and matched points automatically and got the homograph matrix between two images, then projected points which were picked by hand on the one image to the other image, at last we would search the interesting feature points in the neighborhood of corresponding points in the two images. Experiments have shown that this method decreases the redundancy brought by large number of points and successfully finds the important feature points, so it lays a good foundation for 3D reconstruction.

This study approaches online games from the perspective of the hedonic information system and presents a theoretical model to explain online game acceptance by expanding the study of van der Heijden and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The important variables of this model included perceived usefulness, perceived easiness, and perceived pleasure. Also, we investigate a moderating effect of personal reference group on online game acceptance. The subjects were divided into the high reference group (196 persons) and the low reference group (138 persons) based on the median value of reference group using the SEM(Structural Equation Model) method. An empirical analysis of the subjects found that perceived easiness, perceived pleasure, and perceived usefulness of the game influenced the intent of acceptance and game loyalty in the total group, in that order. On the other hand, comparative research of the two groups based reference group found that the high reference group showed high intent of game acceptance if a game agreed with the subjects’ useful and easy values, even if it was somewhat inconvenient, whilst perceived pleasure of a game was the greatest influencing factor in the low reference group. In addition, in the relationship of intent of acceptance and loyalty, the low reference group showed high loyalty.

This study proposed a quasi-order-based temporal data structure (QOTDS) which differed from conventional, algebraic data management models. Based on this QOTDS, a temporal data index called the temporal quasi-order index (TQOindex) was established. Firstly, the study proposed the concepts of temporal quasi-order (TQO) and linear order partitioning (LOP) of time period sets and discussed the construction algorithm of LOP and the optimum (minimum) properties. On this basis, a temporal data structure was established based on LOP. This structure realized the set-at-a-time data operation-like relational data structure and improved the inquiry efficiency by using multiple threads. Subsequently, in the structural framework of TQO, we discussed the temporal data index (TQOindex) based on quasi-order extensions. This index was effectively applicable to various conventional database platforms depending on the disk (external memory)-based data management and also to big data dynamic index technology relying on the incremental updating mechanism. Finally, a corresponding experimental simulation and comparative evaluation were designed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of TQOindex. Research and experiments showed that QOTDS were effective at temporal inquiry and management in cases involving the temporal processing and integration mechanisms in new data, such as semantic data, XML data, and moving object data.

In this paper, we propose a methodology for identification of MP3 audio pieces downloaded by BitTorrent client program using cross-correlation of 12 chroma features extracted from audio signal. To prevent illegal distribution of copyrighted audio files from spreading over the internet, the file pieces split by torrent file must be detected as accurately as possible. In order to improve the probability of successfully identifying the audio pieces, we use Peak In Piece Position (PIPP) method which means the maximum peak appeared in a range corresponding to piece position and length is selected to reduce the probability of misidentification. The experimental results show probabilities of successfully identification of the pieces with different piece properties, comparisons between the proposed algorithms and conventional algorithm in terms of precisions and robustness of the proposed algorithms.

License plate recognition belongs to the field of computer vision and pattern recognition, and plays an important role in the field of intelligent transportation. The license plate location is a key technology in license plate recognition, the accurate positioning of a license or not directly affects the accuracy of character segmentation and character recognition, and has a direct impact on the efficiency of the license plate recognition system. In this paper, based on knowledge acquisition and knowledge reduction ability of rough set, as well as learning ability and generalization ability of neural network, a plate positioning system is constructed. On this basis, combined the rough set with neural networks and fuzzy logic, a rough fuzzy neural network recognition is proposed. The experimental results show that this system not only simplifies the structure of the system, but also improves the generalization capability of knowledge, and improves the accuracy of character positioning.

Acoustic Emission method of nondestructive check is based on exertion wave radiation and their registration during fast local material structure reorganization. It is used as a means of analysis of materials, constructions, productions control and diagnosis during operating time. In the article, it is applied to structural health monitoring of Wind Turbines. Acoustic emission testing is based condition monitoring system uses data already collected at the wind turbine controller. It is an effective way to monitor wind turbines for early warning of failures and performance issues. We used a number of measurements to develop anomaly detection algorithms and investigated classification techniques using clustering algorithms and principal components analysis for capturing fault signatures. When registering signal amplitude it is required to consider its frequency distribution connecting each amplitude rate with the corresponding vibration rate. The correlation and signal to noise ratio were evaluated by the algorithm based on frequency spectrum. Classical method of frequency distortion influence exclusion consists of FRF calculation with subsequent adjustment of received signals spectral characteristics.

This paper presents research on the TinyOS operating system and associated nesC programming methods. TinyOS is currently being used in many domestic and foreign research institutes, universities and companies. We describe TinyOS and nesC programming methods and their characteristics, comparing with existing programming languages such as C, C++, and MFC window programming. Additionally control methods and analysis activation characteristics of two domestic companies’ wireless sensors are introduce. We tried to explain easily and hope to be used in various industry fields.

Significant color discrepancies between the different camera views can be observed in multi-view video sequences. In this paper, a color adjustment algorithm based on support vector regression is proposed. A mapping function is established by extracted feature points from original-image and target-image. Then the mapping function is applied to the original image to obtain the corrected image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can produce good correction result. It also shows that the color differences between multi-view video can be effectively reduced by SVR.

Most camera-based barcode reading systems are scanline-based and designed to work with barcodes attached on flat or smooth surfaces. These systems are likely not able to deal with barcodes on surfaces with high level of deformation, thus making it difficult to find a scanline passing through readable regions. In this paper, an approach that addresses the decoding of deformed barcode images is presented. Our method is based on constructing a scangraph that covers over the area of the barcode, and creating a scanpath that walks through the scangraph by avoiding the regions that are less readable. Barcode digit templates are then used to decode the data sampled along the scanpath. Preliminary results show that some challenging deformed barcode images can be correctly decoded with the presented technique.

This paper is concerned with the information fusion filtering problem for a class of multi-rate multi-sensor systems, where the system is described at the highest sampling rate and different sensors may have different lower sampling rates. Firstly, the local filters (LFs) at state updating points are proposed by using the LFs at measurement sampling points. Then, the distributed suboptimal fusion filter is obtained by the well-known covariance intersection fusion (CIF) algorithm. The filtering error variance matrices are derived to obtain the fusion weights. The computational cost is reduced since the cross-covariance matrices between any two local filters are avoided. Simulation example verifies the correctness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

In this paper, we present an automatic background composition method using histogram-based graph cut. The proposed method consists of four steps: i) initial label map generation, ii) label map update, iii) object extraction by segmentation, and iv) dynamic background composition. Since the proposed method can minimize the user interaction for generating the initial label map and updating, it is suitable for simple interaction using a low-speed processor and limited memory space. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides better segmentation results compared with existing state-of-the-art methods with significantly reduced computational complexity. The proposed automatic object segmentation and background composition method can be applied to video editing, video conference, and video contents creation using low-cost mobile devices such as smart phones, smart TVs, and tablet PCs.

In this text, Fractional Brown Motion theory during random process is applied to research the option pricing problem. Firstly, Fractional Brown Motion theory and actuarial pricing method of option are utilized to derive Black-Scholes formula under Fractional Brown Motion and form corresponding mathematical model to describe option pricing. Secondly, based on BYD stock, estimation model on volatility of this stock is given to analyze and calculate the stock price volatility. Finally, make instance analysis for BYD’s option. Based on market data of BYD’s stock and option, calculate the actual option price and theoretical price of BYD by Black-Scholes formula under Fractional Brown Motion. Compare the forecast price of this stock option given by model with actual price, relatively good effect is obtained, and then conclude that the model has relatively strong applicability.

Multimedia streaming is a trend in VANETs infotainment service with establishment of infrastructure and communication standards. This paper considers the scenario of live multimedia streaming multicast to vehicles. We propose the relay selection scheme to deliver media streaming with stable link to improve QoS (quality of service). Through evaluation, our proposed scheme is able to have video delivered with a satisfying delay and acceptable loss ratio.

With the development of wireless technology, education services through the mobile terminal are emerging. The research on mobile education is getting more and more attention in university. In view of the particular group of college students, this paper combines mobile education with a specific course- JAVA Programming as example, and takes advantage of the new "Flipped Classroom” teaching mode to study how to carry out mobile teaching activity with the use of Micro-Lecture resources on mobile platform. In this article, composition of the mobile teaching system, teaching process and mobile teaching resource construction were also discussed. Teaching practice shows that the study has a positive role in improving the effect of programming teaching and it also be used for reference to develop china’s mobile education.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) consists of a node that has mobility. In MANET, node function as routing. So they build a network of their own, no infrastructure. Topology is exchanged due to node mobility in MANET. For reducing changed topology, hierarchical network algorithms are researched. However load-balancing of cluster head node is exceeded, assigned cluster member node can’t communicate other node. To solve this problem, we proposed Load Tolerance (L.T) algorithm for distributing routing. Proposed algorithm, when the cluster head node is measured overflow load balancing, cluster member node sends a message through distributed routing path by Load-Tolerance node. As a result, the proposed algorithm improves the packet delivery ratio in cluster routing

Needle insertion is the most common procedure of minimally invasive interventions. During insertion into a soft tissue, the needle with bevel tip can deflect due to the asymmetric forces acting on the tip of the needle. In this paper, a mechanics-based model is developed to predict the needle deflection. In the model, the needle is considered as a cantilever beam supported by a series of nonlinear springs each of which has stiffness different from each other. The value of stiffness can be calculated by cutting force acting on the needle tip. Based on the model and the analysis of cutting force and friction force, Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to estimate the amount of needle deflection. Experiment shows that the simulation model can accurately predict the deflection of the bevel-tipped needle.

In this paper, we introduce an efficient learning management system for mobile learning. The system consists of dynamic difficulty adjustment and review management. Difficulty balancing and review at appropriate time enhance learning performance. Learner's learning ability and difficulty of learning are quantified by rating system used in computer game. The ratings are adjusted dynamically every learning for difficulty balancing. Review periods based on forgetting curve is useful to memorize something. Proposed system makes learners sustain memory for a long time by providing personalized review management. In addition, learners can share their own learning progress with friends through social network services. This activity can increase motivation on learning. The proposed system can be exploited for any types of learnings by customizing learning style.

Old people are prone to get weak in their physical bodies as well as their memorizations. We have developed a serious game for the elderly named ‘Paldokangsan 3’ which is a walking game strengthening the ability of memorization with the interface of motion capture using Kinect. The experiments were done with 25 old people of more than 65 years old in ‘Cheonan’ city in Korea. Its effect analysis has showed possibilities of the improvement of memorization as well as improvement of concentration and vitality through this game. Also the French version of ‘Paldokangsan 3’ has been tested for 20 old people of more than 65 years old in France. There was no cultural conflict in France even though the street and characters were Korean with sounds in Korean.

This paper presents an improved ip - iq detection method for three-phase four-wire electric arc furnace (EAF) systems based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, which can be applied not only to stationary load, but also to non- stationary load with large fluctuations in electrical parameters. Simulation experiments show that this detection method is indeed capable of fundamental and harmonic separation to achieve the purpose of harmonic detection.

There are images in which some directional edges other than the vertical or horizontal ones dominate. So the conventional discrete cosine transform (DCT) may not be the best choice for them. Directional DCT framework is able to provide a better coding performance for image blocks that contain directional edges. In addition, the all phase biorthogonal transform (APBT) algorithm can improve the performance of compression. In the light of directional DCT and APBT, directional APBT is proposed and applied to color image coding. Experimental results show that this framework can indeed improve the compression performance of color image remarkably.

This paper addresses Low Noise Amplifier design which is also known as LNA for any application in wireless communication system. LNA is a very important part in RF receiver because when using a LNA noise can reduced by the gain by the amplifier when the noise of the amplifier is received directly from received signal. The low noise amplifier have designed to get the better performance by follow the requirement in this new era consists of high gain, low noise figure, lower power consumption, small chip area, low cost and good input and output matching. It is also used for excellent input and output matching and has a potential to get a lower noise. While for active inductor, is used to obtain the lower power consumption and to reduce the chip size in layout design.

We propose a simple multi-user beamforming to assist space-division multiple access (SDMA) as well as to mitigate interference from IMT-Advanced base station (BS) to fixed-satellite service (FSS) earth stations (ESs). The BS with multiple antennas forms multiple beams that steer nulls, i.e., emit quite low power (interference) to the directions of the ESs. The beamforming vectors are designed by inverting the array steering vectors corresponding to the direction angles of the ESs as well as random direction angles of the main beam lobes. In order to show the merits of the proposed method, we model interference power at the ES and compute the minimum separation distances between the BS and the ESs required for their coexistence. Even for the case of the multiple ESs, the proposed method can reduce the minimum separation distance by up to 92 percent without any expense of additional radio spectrum resources.

Threshold is presented according to the principle of genetic algorithm, the secondary search optimization of the improved genetic algorithm is divided into two times to seek the global optimal solution, namely using the results of the search for solution for the first time to determine the second optimization selection of initial population, as a result of the optimization may be given for the first time is not necessarily the global optimal solution, but it certainly is a good result, the optimization process will be the second time, the initial population of restrictions in a neighborhood of the search results for the first time. The simulation results proved the advantage of the proposed algorithm.

This paper considers the multi-protocol label switching enterprise computer network routing optimization problem, in the network reliability constraints, by selecting the optimal work and alternate paths, and carries on the bandwidth allocation; network total construction cost is minimal. Due to the total construction cost and network reliability is related to choice of the length of the path, the optimal route network design problem can be decoupled into two sub-problems: cost and reliability related issues, among them, the cost of related sub problem study, Sohn et al. For reliability related problems, reduce the search space understanding, this chapter will work best and standby path search space from a hyper plane reduce to the hyper plane line; Then, reliability related algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Because of the cost and reliability related sub-problem solutions are obtained based on the same search criterion, so the original problem of optimal work and backup path of solution set is by comparing the two sub problems solution to work out. Finally, related algorithm provides a numerical example to verify the reliability and the validity of the global network routing design method.

The research on facial animation is growing and became more sensible in terms of three dimensional data. The emergence of laser scans and advanced 3D tools imparted further towards the rapid development of complex facial model. This paper has given an overview on facial animation techniques such as blend shape interpolation, facial action coding system and parameterization. The major challenges, excitement, applications, recent progress and the future of various diversified facial animation methods are high-lighted as well. The emotional theory, involving the cognition as one of the elements of emotion and emphasizing on somatic factors describing emotional expressions and its perception as the other elements are presented. The essential factors responsible for emo-tional colors manifestations to an individual are the key issues. The notable theories and models of Goethe, Claudia Cortes, Naz Kaya, Color Wheel Pro, Shirley Willet and Yau Xueon facial colors expressions are critically commented and a facile comparison is car-ried out. Furthermore, a detailed discussions on facial colors appearance are provided using image based skin color analysis and synthesis, reflectance based model, bidirec-tional texture function, physiology measurement based and emotional appearance mod-els. The paper completed with the remarkable features official expression comprised of facial action coding system and MPEG-4 facial animation that enable considerable im-provement on facial animation technology. Our in-depth appraisal on facial animation may contribute as taxonomy towards the development of human facial skin colors on 3D avatar including facial action coding system, emotion theory, color theory, animation via blending and image based color analysis useful for various applications.

Information technology and medical advances in technology transformed the paradigm of health. In the past, the focus had been on the treatment, but today the current focus is towards maintaining health. This is research project based on the outdoors, running, walking, biking, in contrast to indoor exercise (weight training) can be utilized in an area where research is lacking. This paper is based on a variety of indoor acceleration sensor movement get figures for the record. This sensor sends data obtained through the Web and market themselves through a suitable exercise program or from users through their Smartphone with purchased recommended programs. Through this research, may be able to have goal-oriented exact figures in the future.