Earticle

Semantic similarity is fundamental operation in the field of computational lexical semantics, artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Accurate measurement of semantic similarity between words is crucial. The paper presents an effective algorithm for semantic similarity metric of word pairs. Different from previous work, in the new algorithm not only path length, but also IC values have been taken into account. We evaluate our model on the data set of Rubenstein and Goodenough, which is traditional and widely used. Coefficients of correlation between human ratings of similarity based on seven algorithms are calculated. Experiments show that the coefficient of our proposed algorithm with human judgment is 0.8820, which demonstrate that our new algorithm significantly outperformed others.

Follow-me services will be popular in the near future. In this paper, we present modeling of follow-me services and a centralized peer-to-peer architecture for follow-me systems. Our modeling and architecture encompass two types of follow-me services: network style and mobile agent and have advantages including supporting the existing applications and flexibility. Our modeling and will help follow-me system stakeholders to understand the services and to build the systems efficiently.

Video tracking is a rich research point nowadays due to its wide range of applications such as surveillance. One of the challenges in video tracking is to exactly determine the location of the tracked object within each frame. Most of tracking algorithms make use of a fixed size search window regardless of the tracked object scale change over time. The fact is that too small search window may lose details of the tracked object. Besides, undue increase of computational complexity is resulted of inaccurate large search window. Adaptive variable-size search window algorithm is proposed to overcome these problems. Even if the tracked object is partially or completely occluded the algorithm should locate the expected location of it in an efficient way. The proposed algorithm is based on speeded up robust features (SURF). SURF is one of the fastest descriptors which generate a set of interest points that are invariant to various image deformations and robust against occlusion conditions during tracking. SURF points of the tracked object are extracted from the initially determined search window. The proposed algorithm makes use of the positional information of the extracted SURF points to update the size and location of the search window in the following frames. The results achieved more accuracy of the tracking process. The proposed algorithm produces a search window that is more fitted to the tracked object than search windows produced by common tracking algorithms such as mean shift do. Any tracking algorithm can make use of the proposed algorithm as it works in parallel with it to update the search window location and size to precisely track the object. Less computational time in the search window is an added value. Prediction of the exact location of the tracked object under occlusion condition is more precise than existing algorithms.

The purposes of this work were to perform a case study of designing the wireless network in manufacturing under SOA404 policy which includes the design of wireless networks, design of the security for wireless network, and computer related crime act.b.e. 2550. However, in this paper, we focus on the wireless network design. We develop two design models include high performance of signal and high coverage of signal. Each model has equipment standard 802.11g and 802.11n. To compare the cost, signal coverage as well as the advantages and disadvantages for each model are studied. The instruments used in the design were AirMagnet [17] Survey Professional software. The signal obtained by the design software and real signals measured by the software are compared.

Recently, all countries of the world are focusing on cultural industry area. They are focusing on finding traditional cultural resources which possess spatial characteristics for differentiation. Korean Confucian cultural areas are paying attention to development of culture contents materials which possess historical and cultural contexts. Among the records that well represent Confucian cultural aspect, they focus on diaries by extracting different story subject matters from them, constructing data base with them, and servicing them through story theme park. This work was based on understanding characteristics of diaries. They are constructing and servicing database in a format that systematically provide information by reconstructing subject matters, focused on events, and adding information about cultural backgrounds, glossary, and multimedia. Materials of story theme park can be used for various cultural industrial fields. This is a good example showing that developing culture contents services, which base on spatial characteristics, is necessary affair to the government. Moreover it shows the need for urban computing to take traditional cultural resources as their object resources.

The Festival management has the required elements of making support to the visitors about the festival programs and giving the fun of the festival by building the best possible service environment reflected the characteristics of visitors. In this paper, we propose the implementation model of the smart festival management using streaming service based on complex recognition for the festival management by using a variety of IT technique such as QR Code, NFC, GPS, Streaming Service, and Location Service. By using this system, it can be provide convenience to visitors through audio/video streaming service and information of the status of the event hall and increase interoperability of the manager through demand forecasting.

The widespread use of smart devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs has contributed to the development of a variety of content for such devices. In particular, smart devices can be exploited for educational purposes. Therefore, we implement an e -training mobile application using augmented reality (AR). However, existing AR applications do not support real-time content. Therefore, it is necessary to manually update an application when the content is modified. In this study, we implement a content delivery network system for AR e-training mobile applications, which supports real-time content update when the content is modified.

The assessment of Korean students' academic achievement was in higher rank among OECD member countries. However, in terms of spontaneity, interest and confidence, they are in lower rank due to the oppressive schooling system. To raise the preference for study and develop creativity, the new kind of mission-type education programs using smart devices and ICT are drawing attention. For example, Ins-Edu Institute obtained a patent on learning programs using iPads and students on field trips were each given a mission with a QR code and instructed to take pictures, write reports and edit photos using the smart device and send them via SMS. At the 5th AEMM Meeting, the Institute of APEC Collaborative Education handed out iPads with task information and questions for a tour around the city We analyzed the content and system of these apps, which perform a role to cultivate students' creativity and interest.

In ubiquitous computing environments, many applications are devised to provide autonomous services. To make services autonomous, each service has to inevitably recognize the deployed devices or objects in ubiquitous computing environments. In order to provide an autonomous service based on vision system, we address an efficient character segmentation algorithm by means of introducing the locally adaptive binarization and the object labeling by Connected Components Analysis (CCA). The proposed binarization technique carries out the grayscale-to-binary image conversion with block-based processing to reflect the local variation of images. The object labeling by CCA algorithm is applied to the binarized image with the morphological operation in order to improve the object connectivity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can segment each object reasonably even with atypical or erratic form. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be useful for development of various applications in ubiquitous computing environments.

People have lived in a way delivering many messages through various non-verbal communicative means such as facial expressions and voice tones. Recently, many researchers have attempted to do tasks dealing with emotions conveyed through some immanent bio-signals for human-computer interaction or human-robot interaction. If we switch some applications of bio-signals dominantly occupied to cure the handicapped or the rehabilitant to entertainment areas including video games, artificial life and interactive theaters, this will provide us with a solution to overcome drawbacks caused by traditional interfaces in which it may allow us to more naturally experience human-oriented contents. In this paper, we present a mechanism to do analysis of electroencephalogram signals originated from emotional impulses and to carry out classification of the emotion. Also we have validated the methods to foresee usability for brain-computer interface. The partial derivatives of EEG are taken as features for some training data set gained from facial expression mirroring. Four emotions including neutral, anger, happiness, and surprise have been classified using the support vector machines. The experimental results can be extended in providing innovative potential in the areas including games, virtual reality, agents, and various entertainments.

In the recent studies of the renewable energy harvesting, it has been one of the most important research topics how to efficiently find a maximum power point. A maximum power point means that its power becomes the maximum by a relational expression between voltage and current. This paper suggests a new method on how to efficiently find a maximum power point for obtaining renewable energy, and testifies the validity of the method through an optimized circuit design for harvesting renewable energy.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming is being considered as the most promising approach to deliver real-time video to large scale users over the Internet. Neighbor selection is one of the key components to construct overlay topology for P2P streaming systems. Currently the majority of QoS-aware neighbor selection approaches assume that the allocated bandwidth resources to individual peers are proportional to their incoming bandwidth rather than their outgoing bandwidth and don’t suit for bandwidth resource scarce environments. In this paper, we incorporate taxation-based incentive mechanism into QoS aware neighbor selection method to computer the allocated number of neighbors of peers. The main contribution of this paper is: i) we incorporate linear taxation-model into SVC-based layered media delivery to determined the connection number of peers and propose a distributed bandwidth resource allocation policy; ii) when selecting neighbors, it considers existing peers’ uplink capacity and source to peer’s delay as a whole to handle long cumulate delay caused by bandwidth aggregation in mesh-based system. Simulation results demonstrate that under resource constraint scene, our proposed method can receive good performance compared with fixed random neighbor selection method and QoS-aware method based on bandwidth-latency ratio on the metric of the chunk loss rate, the average delivery delay, control overhead and PSNR.

In this paper, an IEEE 802.15.6 wireless body area networks (WBAN) medium access control protocol is developed to support a wireless USB (WUSB) application as a protocol adaptation layer (PAL). To successfully set up wireless communication links, the WUSB channel should be encapsulated privately within a WBAN superframe. However, in the current IEEE 802.15.6 WBAN standard there is no available periods allocated for other heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose a WBAN Beacon Structure (WBS) of IEEE 802.15.6 WBAN to set up WUSB channel efficiently. Simulation results show that the WBS integrates WUSB transactions and WBAN traffic efficiently in a hierarchical WUSB/WBAN medium access control (MAC) protocol.

The representation, discovery and exchange of context information in a mobile ad-hoc environment is challenging due to the dynamic nature of node movement and interaction. In this paper a new method to exchange context in a Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Network (MSN), where the format of context parameters are organized and efficient communication is maintained. A context representative repository, called Context information Base (CiB) and a communication protocol called Context information Communication protocol (CiComm) are presented to implement contextual features. NS -2 has been used to simulate our work, which depicted high context discovery success and low service discovery bandwidth.

One of the goals in service integration is to create additional values by grouping individual services. In order to achieve this goal, the integrated services should be closely related to each other. In this paper, we propose a method of extracting user’s inclination, which indicates the closeness of services. Two services, which serve the users who have the same inclination, can be integrated. The way of extracting a user’s inclination from services and adapting this inclination to other services is proposed. By this, the synergy of integrating services can be made with better efficiency.

As the affiliated discount stores of major companies and SSM increase rapidly, regional conventional market and small supermarket that are the dominant merchants in the existing marketing area of regional retail stores have faced the risk of survival. The competitive penetration of those distributors of major companies into marketing area of regional retail stores provides the consumers with the convenience of shopping and pleasure of various selections at the same time from the viewpoint of competition and efficiency. On the contrary, local governments and political community insist that such trends cause the collapse of regional marketing area and impose limitations on that such as restriction of distance and business hours. In this paper, to solve this problem I studied solution through virtual store. The store is established in the environment where consumers are crowded and exposed to easy purchasing of product as shown by using QR code. When it comes to virtual store, it has the merit that can secure the channel that is capable of connecting with consumers at low fixed cost and the purchasing class who is not familiar with internet purchasing can place the order and buy the products easily

This paper checks if Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Governance Index (CGI) have any impact on audit fee decision with empirical analysis. The result of regression analysis modeling with audit fee as its dependent variable shows the CSR and CGI have positive (+) coefficients while we expect their signs should be both negative (-). According to the results, the company with excellent CSR and CGI pays more audit fee, which is opposite result to logical expectation. Based on the discussion of previous studies, we suggested the reasons of this phenomenon as followings: 1) Audit fee is determined without auditor’s investigation on company's internal accounting and information systems; 2) In case of Korea, the excellent companies in CSR and CGI pay higher audit fee because of their higher financial standards, which requires more auditors’ efforts for thorough audit.

This paper investigates whether there is the heterogeneity for fund manager as investor and an asymmetric volatility under short-sales constraints and if so, which factors are driving for it in Korean fund market using fund return data over period of 2002-2008. Specifically, with short-sales constrains we test the hypothesis of the difference of opinion developed by Chen et el. (2001) and Hong and Stein (2003). The result from GJR -GARCH (1, 1) model shows that there is an asymmetric volatility in fund return, as well. While, when turnover is used as the proxy for differences of opinion among fund managers, there isn’t enough evidence that asymmetric volatility is based on investor heterogeneity effect. The existence of leverage effect is not observed in the Korea fund market as well.

Through a case study with selected company early adopted K-IFRS, we review the changes of discretionary accruals as indicator of existence of earning management activities. We set up the following hypothesis: Discretionary accruals and its associated financial ratios changes after adopting K-IFRS reflecting increase of transparency in accounting information. Related variables are calculated for selected company, KT&G, during 2007-2010. We review the changes of indicators after introduction of K-IFRS. The results of this study show the increase of transparency assuming the change of discretionary accruals as indicator of earning management activities. Besides, discretionary accruals and the debt ratio show positive correlation indicating better business performance can lower the incentives of earnings management. IFRS introduction and debt ratio have the positive correlation indicating debt increase due to the change of the revenue recognition criteria and retirement benefits accounting. Also the introduction of IFRS and ROA have negative correlation, which can be explained by reassessment of assets as fair value with the introduction of K-IFRS. Even though this case study has limitations to generalize current results to all companies adopting new accounting standards, it may indicate overall changes in financial information with new accounting standards related with transparency issues.

In this paper, we propose a Hadoop-based Distributed Video Transcoding System in a cloud computing environment that transcodes various video codec formats into the MPEG-4 video format. This system provides various types of video content to heterogeneous devices such as smart phones, personal computers, television, and pads. We design and implement the system using the MapReduce framework, which runs on a Hadoop Distributed File System platform, and the media processing library Xuggler. Thus, the encoding time to transcode large amounts of video content is exponentially reduced, facilitating a transcoding function. For performance evaluation, we focus on measuring the total time to transcode a data set into a target data set for three sets of experiments. We also analyze the experimental results, providing optimal Hadoop Distributed File System and MapReduce options suitable for video transcoding. Based on the experiments performed on a 28-node cluster, the proposed distributed video transcoding system provides excellent performance in terms of speed and quality.