Earticle

The emergence of a large number of databases for capturing 3D human motions has made the efficient analysis and processing of human motion data to effectively use these databases a new challenge. To reduce high-dimension complexity, a dimensional feature based on the 3D spatial–temporal characteristic should be extracted from human motions. Moreover, the motion data should be re-expressed by sparse representation to realize the projection from high dimensional data to a low-dimensional subspace. The different motions should then be recognized and classified to obtain the automatic recognition and automatic retrieval of 3D human motions.

This paper presents brightness compensation and enhancement method for power-constrained condition. The proposed method is useful for low-power device. We assumed two conditions: half and quarter power-consumption. We compare two brightness enhancement methods in both scenarios, histogram equalization and contextual and variational contrast enhancement methods. Both methods are contrast adjustment approaches using the given images histogram. Simulation results thoroughly report objective and subjective performance.

In order to optimize the utilization of limited resources, the operators have already addressed to deploy their services in heterogeneous networks integrated different Radio Access Technologies (RAT), e.g. WLAN/WiMAX/WCDMA. Vertical handoffs (VHO) as a key problem should be overcome while mobile users are moving in heterogeneous networks. In existing works, resource assignment depends on the packet’s size, which is usually defined a fix length. This paper proposes an analytical model for evaluating the VHO performance. In the model, resources are proportionally assigned to real-time services (RS) and to non real-time services (NRS) by a resource factor m, which can be defined as any value. The performances on blocking probability and on throughput are derived and evaluated with different values of m under the restriction of resources. For enhancing the effect of VHO, the Random Waypoint Model on the border (RWPB) is implemented in the simulation, which enforces the mobile users residing near the border of networks. Simulation results demonstrate that with a greater value of m, the blocking probability slightly increases while the total throughput is significantly improved.

In this paper, on the basis of the anisotropic diffusion mechanism, analyzes emphatically represented by P - M model of diffusion filter principle of several kinds of nonlinear diffusion model, and their respective characteristics and problems. In-depth analysis of the nonlinear diffusion model, the threshold and termination mechanism of combining image geometric structure feature and visual information (gradient, brightness, contrast, structural information), in view of the existing nonlinear diffusion filtering model, the diffusion coefficient depends on the gradient and the problem that the susceptible to noise interference, presents a fidelity term used in image denoising and restoration contain nonlinear wavelet diffusion model, the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that this method is compared with other diffusion model while denoising can keep image edges and details characteristics, image visual effect is better.

In this paper we investigated applicability of metadata to identify music contents in MP3 file. Metadata in MP3 include information associated with music contents such as a table of Hoffman code, scale factors, stereo types. We considered music contents in MP3 file as a function of metadata. Our idea is reasonable since music contents in MP3 file are controlled by characteristics of in metadata. In order to identifying a MP3 file, we used a concurrence order of metadata. We assumed that MP3 files with other music contents have other concurrence orders in their metadata. In experiments, we extracted metadata from MP3 files and rearranged metadata as column vector of matrix. The rearranged metadata were analyzed various numerical analyses such as singular value decomposition.

With the expansion of the power grid, transmission lines across forests are increasing. Once forest fire occurs, it could threaten the transmission lines around or even cause them trip out. Therefore, studying the spread of forest fire is important. This paper presents a method based on Rothermel model and Huygens principle to analyze forest fire spread trend surrounding transmission line. Firstly, the principle of forest fire spread and the influence factors of the forest fire spread around transmission lines are analyzed. Then, based on Rothermel model and Huygens principle, the forest fires spread trends under three different conditions are simulated. By taking a transmission line of power grid in Shanxi Province as an example, the simulation is implemented and works out the average velocity and the consumed time during the forest fire spread from fire point to the transmission line under three different conditions. The result shows that the method is reasonable and valid.

Speech recognition, the problem of performance degradation is the difference between the model training and recognition environments. Silence features normalized using the method as a way to reduce the inconsistency of such an environment. Silence features normalized way of existing in the low signal-to-noise ratio. Increase the energy level of the silence interval for speech and non-speech classification accuracy due to the falling. There is a problem in the recognition performance is degraded. This paper proposed a robust speech detection method in noisy environments using a SFN (silence feature normalization) and SEM (speech energy maximize). In the high signal-to-noise ratio for the proposed method was used to maximize the characteristics receive less characterized the effects of noise by the speech energy. Cepstral feature distribution of speech and non-speech characteristics in the low signal-to-noise ratio and improves the recognition performance. Result of the recognition experiment, recognition performance improved compared to the conventional method.

Content-Centric Network (CCN) is next generation internet communication technology to provide existing internet communication paradigm as content based communication for efficient use various information in the Internet. Therefore, unlike existing internet communication technology, which focus on host based communication process, all of resource is defined as contents in CCN. Moreover it focuses on purpose of communication for using information. CCN communicate with between routers through broadcast flooding method in their network environments. This characteristic of CCN is not considering increasing network traffic about each of CCN routers. Therefore, when the requesters are rapidly increased to particular CCN router, network congestion may be occurred by broadcast traffic. Moreover, this characteristic of CCN has low turnaround time about user request due to reducing performance of network system. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a traffic aware routing protocol for congestion avoidance in CCN. The proposed routing protocol considers rapidly increasing traffic in the situation and establishes another routing path to avoid increasing traffic problem in CCN.

Cloud computing has evolved over the years in providing various services to the end users. The cloud features makes it acceptable by the industries in leveraging most of its applications in to the cloud. Security concerns exist in most cloud platforms and are prone to various attacks. This paper focuses on various security mechanisms that are provided in the enterprises and also discusses few of the common security mechanisms like authentication, authorization, encryption and access control. The methods deployed within each security mechanisms are also analyzed.

The purpose of this study is designing and implementing a context aware service model that can collect and process learners’ learning context in real time on mobile LMS. With the spread of so-called ubiquitous computing environment based on today’s wireless mobile communication technology, hardware technology, sensor network technology, etc., e-learning platform is also entering into a new phase. As the next-generation e-learning platform called e-learning 2.0 is evolving from PC-based to mobile device-based, research is continued for the application of new technologies such as cloud computing and big data processing. In the field of school education, on the other hand, there is an increasing need for developing experiential education contents to stimulate students’ creative synthetic thinking required in the age of creative economy. Thus, this study aimed to provide elaborative knowledge organized by teachers based on the learners’ context recognized using various types of context aware information collected from the learners’ mobile device. With the outcome of this study, we expect to enhance the timeliness of learning by providing contents of education organized in advance by teachers at any time and in any place, even without the learner’s request.

Holography is the optimal and the final choice among several techniques for imaging and displaying the three-dimensional (3D) objects. In this paper, we propose a new denoising algorithm for digital hologram using Fresnel transform (FT). The proposed algorithm initially transforms a digital hologram into frequency-domain data through a FT, and separates the object from the background in the transformed image. Experimental results show that the technique to reduce noise in a natural 2D image such as a smoothing filter can reduce the noise to improve the image quality for a digital hologram. We expect that the conclusions of this paper will be a very useful technique for further work in the area of signal processing scheme for electronic holographic video service.

In order to meet the demand of coded light multi-view 3D reconstruction, we propose a highly efficient and accurate technique for point cloud registration, which can acquire the whole surface information of the measured piece without the help of other locating equipment. Method: First of all, we illustrate the principle of the hexahedron targets registration, establish the index point couples and present the registration patterns for each side of the target, as well as the recognition approach. Then, based on the quaternion preliminary registration, we propose an accurate registration method which combines the orthogonal Grey code and ICP. The result of the simulated experiment shows that the registration error of the hexahedron targets method is approximately 0.03mm, and during the actual experiment, the number is approximately 0.8mm, which is close to the global camera method and a little bit higher than the surface method. The new technique solves the problem that the measured surface cannot be placed with index points. Furthermore, this technique ensures the registration accuracy without any other apparatus.

This study aims to get an effective marketing strategy in terms of business by introducing combined social video marketing and color marketing techniques. The method for research is in the range of research that implements highlighting techniques by extracting the core color and brand monochrome image, to analyze the specific process. The expected result is that the effects can contribute to the development and the activation of company or social video marketing of brand by using the new video production technique. Then, so as to propose a new video technique with the help of color marketing and the result of the analysis is utilized to know who use the effective activation and development of social video marketing in the future, and tries to present a technique for the new approach be. From the perspective of a company, the technique can effect in a positive way. They can provide consistent message to customers by the color effect which contains core message for brands. This technique is able to convey unique feeling and characteristic of the color, image and value of brand, concentrating peoples' sight on particular color when using black and white atmosphere. This can maximize its effect through emphasis through contrasting color, especially using color and non-color difference. At the same time this can utilize various way of expression through the effect gradually revealing color, without boring anybody. This paper expects this new way of expression and editing technique cause furthermore attempts on black and white in video making technique.

Smart phones, as one of the most important platforms for personal communications and mobile computing, have evolved with various embedded devices, such as cameras, Wi-Fi transceivers, Bluetooth transceivers and sensors. Specifically, the photos taken by a smart phone has the approximate or even equivalent image quality to that of a professional camera. As a result, smart phones have become the first choice for people to take photos to record their ordinary life. However, how to manage thousands of photos on a smart phone becomes a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new architecture in terms of Smart Photo-Tagging Framework (SPTF) to manage the substantial number of photos taken by smart phones. In particular, our SPTF collects the ambient data obtained from various embedded sensors on a smart phone when a photo is taken. After processing and analyzing the ambient data, SPTF can accurately record both the ambient tags and the face tags of the photo, which will be used for auto-tagging photos and searching photos. We also implement SPTF and verify its effectiveness by conducting a number of realistic experiments.

This paper deals with the three dimensional comparative analyses of the carving front turn of alpine and boarder-cross snowboarders. The research aims to provide winter sports instructors and snowboarders with scientific and quantitative data for evaluation of carving front turn. To achieve the purpose, Alpine and Boarder-cross athlete from Korean National Team for 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics were chosen as subjects. Body segment parameters and 90 coordinate points were selected and referred to calculate the CM and Position of CM in different segments. The turn was divided into 3 events and 2 phases. Three dimensional motion pattern analysis of each segment was performed and was analyzed with kinematical variables such as elapsed time, distance, velocity and angular variables. Comprehensive analysis was conducted and the result of the motion analysis indicated the major features in snowboard carving turn in two different sporting events. The proposed method and the results can be used as a reference for improvement of the training method and skills in snowboarding.

Currently there is much interest in the automatic acquisition of entities, with the goal of Named Entity Recognition (NER). However previous work has focused primarily on major languages, with the large, structured, and semantically rich knowledge bases and using the large corpus with annotated NER tags. In this paper, we describe a method for Chinese-Tibetan bilingual named entity recognition using easily obtainable bilingual dictionary and parallel political corpora. We present two distinct steps for NER, one step identifying entity candidates in Tibetan, and the second step typing the entity into the semantic class. We then test the approach on the dataset and give the analysis of NE type errors.

This paper investigates a gradient descent algorithm with penalty for a recurrent neural network. The penalty we considered here is a term proportional to the norm of the weights. Its primary roles in the methods are to control the magnitude of the weights. After proving that all of the weights are automatically bounded during the iteration process, we also present some deterministic convergence results for this learning methods, indicating that the gradient of the error function goes to zero(weak convergence) and the weight sequence goes to a fixed point(strong convergence), respectively. A numerical example is provided to support the theoretical analysis.

The rapid development of digital library makes the multimedia information resources organization and management become a key issue to develop the digital library, and the multimedia information retrieval technology has become the core technology of the digital book data management, the existing multimedia retrieval model cannot effectively implement multimedia digital books data management. Therefore, this paper proposes a content-based multimedia retrieval data model and combined with the different modal data abstraction and decomposition classification thought, discusses the significance of this data model, also briefly introduces the building method of this model. Finally by combining this design it implements a multimedia digital books data retrieval system.

In this paper, the make-before-break handover method is basically considered in order to reduce the SIP (session initiation protocol) session restoration delay due to the interface switching during WiFi-to-3G vertical handover under IMS (IP multimedia subsystem). Actually, the session restoration delay in WiFi-to-3G handover scenario can be dramatically reduced by performing IMS registration and session re-setup beforehand via WiFi link before actual vertical handover. However, the proper SA (security association) setup scheme between MH (mobile host) and P-CSCF (proxy call session control function) should be developed for the successful pre-authenticated registration since the IP address bound to 3G interface has to be used instead of the IP address bound to WiFi interface as the source IP address of the packets that the MH generates. In this paper, we have enhanced SIP header in order to solve this kind of IP address-mismatch problem. That is, a SA setup scheme is proposed for pre-authenticated registration in WiFi-to-3G handover scenario. We also define IMS handover delay as the sum of authenticated registration delay and session re-setup delay occurring under IMS-based vertical handover. We finally show that this delay reduced by the proposed scheme is acceptable enough to provide delay-sensitive real-time services. Moreover, the modification is deployed only at MH and P-CSCF, which is independent of other party’s network as well as the CSCFs in MH’s HN (home network).

With the widespread use of powerful image editing tools, the demand for identifying the authenticity of an image is much increased. Copy-move forgery is one of the most common and immediate tampering attacks, and is one type of image forgery where one region of an image is copied to another region in an attempt to cover some potentially important features. In this paper a Novel approach is presented for image copy-move forgery detection and localization based on SVD and Projection Data. Experiment results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can effectively detect multiple copy-move forgery and precisely locate the duplicated regions, even when an image was distorted by Gaussian blurring,JPEG compression and their mixed operations.

General English education at the university level suffers from students’ indifference in and negative attitudes toward English. This study attempts to overcome these problems by developing a conceptual blended learning model which derives a procedural model applying audio-visual materials to foreign language learning. This paper confirmed its effectiveness on students’ affective attitudes to the level of statistical significance between the experimental and the compared group. The result shows that the model indeed contributed to the positive changes in the affective attitude of the experimental group to an intermediate and high level of positive running 3.5 and beyond. Finally, the procedural model that underwent modification of the items scored relatively low and a final procedural model was proposed.

The purpose of this work was to examine which LED fungal treatment device can be applied to the face. Several methods were used for that purpose. More specifically, 240 50mA low-power LED chips were selected. As a result, a light distribution angle of 150 degrees was possible, and the temperature could be adjusted in the range of 27-32 degrees for fungal treatment (acne), making the device suitable for use. The results show that face use possible factor is more common than initially expected. Moreover, further investigation of the decreases in the angle for standardization of the temperature is required.

Through the analysis of features of short-distance competitive swimming sports, the model of both kinetics and energy transformation is built. On the prerequisite of a series of rational hypotheses and restrictions, the optimal analysis is performed about the distance in a given time frame with the application of the theory of optimal control. The optimal solution to propulsive force is deduced with reference to Olympic champion and experimental results by former researchers. The three-phase optimum speed distribution strategy is proposed, in good agreement with actual situations.

Cloud computing is a promising computing model that enables convenient and on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. In cloud computing, data owners host their data on cloud servers and data consumers can access the data from cloud servers. This new paradigm of data storage service also introduces new security challenges, because data owners and data servers have different identities and different business interests. Therefore, an independent auditing service is required to make sure that the data is correctly hosted in the Cloud. However, the existing solutions are not specific to the multimedia data. Moreover copyright protection is not provided. In this paper, we define specially a provable data possession model for multimedia file, and present a framework based on digital watermarking for multimedia data storages audit service, in which we analyze the security features of audit service for multimedia data outsourcing and the corresponding properties of digital watermarking. Moreover as an example, we present a provable data possession scheme based on double function self-embedded digital watermark, which integrate image content audit service and copyright protection.

In general, people read texts and decide by themselves to measure levels of understanda-bility and readability, which takes a lot of time and efforts. We believe visualizing readability gives intuitive impact on how difficult the texts will be before examining the texts further. Text visualization aims to provide structural characteristics of text contents in an efficient way. By using massive text data, such as books or documents, this study suggests readability meas-urement factors and formulas for the suggested methods that visualize texts by extracting a key factor ‘length’ for readability. In addition to the proposed methods, this study verifies effectiveness of visualization through the test of the case studies. The paper also includes case study findings that readers can have readability information not from independent texts, but from the comparison of previous texts, and therefore it becomes easier to accommodate diffi-cult level of new books.

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) that use multiple antennas in transmitter and receiver is considered to be powerful technology in future wireless communication system. The major problem facing in this multipath propagation is the interference between symbols transmitted through adjacent channels. i. e. Inter Symbol Interference. This could be avoided if we use OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology. Thus MIMO combined with OFDM has got prior importance in future wireless communication system. The major properties of MIMO system involve Spatial Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing. In former case same copies of data is being transmitted in the MIMO channels while in latter case different user’s data is being transmitted in the MIMO channels. In this paper, a MIMO-OFDMA system with both the advantages of Spatial Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing is suggested.

As new servers have been introduced and installed in a computer room which already has various servers, many problems, such as a lack of room space, a lack of rack space, and a rise in power consumption, have arisen. The increasing number of operators and rising cost of maintenance caused by the problems lead into a rise in IT expenditure for the computer room. To solve the problems, server integration & virtualization technology, which is used to save power consumption and space and reduce maintenance cost, has gradually been expanding. In this paper, old six UNIX servers were integrated into two in the virtualization process of UNIX servers, in which one partition (DLPAR) per server was created, and more than three DB instances were generated in the created partition for DBMS. As a result, multiple physical servers were made as integrated virtualization servers which ended up solving the space problem in a computer room, securing a rack space and increasing the efficiency of a thermo-hygrostat. More specifically, the server integration & virtualization process brought about the following saving rates: 72% of rack space (U) in a computer room, 90% of power (W), and 59% of cooling (BTU).

UPS battery remote monitoring system based on MSP430 single chip microcomputer design, using modular thinking as the core to build the overall structure, to realize the battery voltage, current and temperature of the online real-time monitoring through the acquisition module in the aspect of hardware, and putting forward resistance measurement method that based on ac injection method and phase lock amplifying method; Using software to implement the UPS battery fault information alarm function through the overall process design.

In this paper, the natural features extracted from images do not use the specific markers or reference points proposed augmented reality system. First, for tracking objects in video footage after the creation of feature extraction and descriptors in the same way about the creation of feature extraction and descriptors will. Descriptor information and features I1I2I3 color around the edge of space, size and rotation is created by using the information. This generated using the descriptors for each feature determine the similarity and differences between the values obtained using the distance to check for matching. This process is generated through the corresponding points for two-dimensional plane to obtain the homograph information to get the camera matrix is a 3-D object matching. Finally, the proposed system to put the game on algorithm-based augmented reality, natural feature points of the game will be implemented.

Customer churn warning prediction is one of the most important problems in customer relationship management (CRM). Its aim is to monitor customer loss conditions, explore for internal loss rules of mass transaction data, give early warning about customer loss inclination and retain valuable customers to maximize the profit of a company. Under the circumstance of rapidly emerging customer churn warning research under the big data background, we attempt to explore for mass security customer data and to focus on analysis and design on customer churn warning model based on data mining technologies and the theory of customer churn management process.