Earticle

In this paper, we propose an automatic scratch inspection method to detect small scratches from eyeglasses using fuzzy logic. Inspecting scratches of eyeglasses largely depends on the native eye exam of field opticians that may lead providing possibly harmful eyeglasses to customers at optician's shop. Usually those small scratches are often occurred in the process of transportation rather than that of production thus field opticians have burden of preventing selling defected lenses. Our method computes the possibility of ill-effect by scratch on glasses with membership degree of the scratch size and that of distance between the center and the scratch from candidate scratched areas extracted in the pre- processing phase. Two-phase preprocessing mechanism as this paper offers improves the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting scratches from previous study. Our method is applied to CHEMI MID HL HM sight- corrective dioptric lenses in experiment and it is verified that the proposed method is sufficiently effective by real optician's evaluation.

Video communication technology of real-time using a Web browser has emerged. In this paper, we studied the real-time image communication technology of hybrid Web-based. In addition, we have implemented a real-time video communication systems of hybrid Web[1]-based design. In this system, it is possible to use the HTTP / Web Socket and RTC API via a Web server, in order to perform real-time video communication in all Web browsers. In all environments that are connected to the network, it is available at all terminals that you can use a Web browser and real-time video communication. In the future, this can be applied to a Settop-Box or Smart TV.

Microblogs have rapidly become the most popular means by which people communicate with friends, pay close attention to celebrity at any time. Hence many studies on microblogging networks have been done recently, focusing on information diffusion, popularity prediction, topic detection and more. In this paper, we study the popularity of tweets in microblogging networks and introduce a novel concept “popularity degree” that help divide microblogging into four levels. Through the empirical analysis of different popularity degree, we find the retweeting information of a tweet at an earlier time can help predict its final popularity. Hence we propose a prediction model based on SVM with the retweeting information within one hour. Experimental results show our model has better ability of prediction.

The location estimation of mobile devices in low rate WPAN is specified as optional function and the devices complied with CSS specification have been used widely in many application of the sensor networks. The performance of location estimation using CSS devices are reported in many researches. We have studied post processing algorithms using extended Kalman filter to improve the accuracy of the locations of mobile devices. We consider a new parameter for frequency offset of device. In case of TOA and TDOA, we experienced and simulated our algorithm, and find that the algorithm show better performance. In this paper, we describe our algorithms and those performances.

The study aims to develop a smart ecomuseum app for efficient application of local resources. An ecomuseum is a museum of time and space consisting of sites, landscapes, memories of elderly people, nature, traditions, heritage, and each local community within a limited territory, for these are organically connected. This principle is also applied to organic activities between each site in the territory. Developing an app that introduces the landscapes, stories, memories, nature, resources, heritage, and local community as designating certain sites in the territory, enables the realization of a smart ecomuseum, in which residents and visitors communicate.

A classroom lecture-style of safety training is often conducted at the beginning of each semester in university chemistry experiments, where materials such as a textbook and a video are utilized. However, we consider that a gap exists between such learning style and actual practice. In our previous study, we showed the effectiveness of ambiguous presentation to memorize the topic of learning. By taking a hint from hazard-prediction training, we propose to utilize questioning about a caution in a particular operation as a form of ambiguous presentation. People try to find answer when they are asked, which we expect to facilitate active thinking that contributes learning. An experiment showed the learning with question and answer contributed better than learning with answer only. Thinking time with 5 and 10 seconds were significantly effective in learning compared with answer-only style. Particularly, 10 seconds of thinking time allowed the subjects to look around the objects on an experimental table before being given the answer. We also found that the effect of learning is not direct proportion to the length of thinking time, i.e. 30 seconds of thinking time lost the subjects’ eagerness to learn.

The salient features of UWB networks such as high-rate communications, low interference with other radio systems, and low power consumption bring many benefits to users, thus enabling several new applications such as wireless universal serial bus (WUSB) for connecting personal computers (PCs) to their peripherals and the consumer-electronics (CE) in people’s living rooms. As UWB devices are used widely, data traffic by UWB devices increases dramatically. However, when transmitting device and receiving device are communicate with each other, the remaining WiMedia devices maintains active mode for the time to complete the transmission MSDU, and there is a problem that unnecessary power consumption occurs. Therefore we propose new energy saving scheme to reduce unnecessary power consumption of WiMedia devices.

In this paper, we propose a cooperative protocol of relay-based WUSB/DRD and WLP device in the WSS of WiMedia environment. For this, we investigate a RNT table configuration and algorithm of RNS relay node to be used in relay-based cooperative communication. Then, we describe the feature of the device to configure the WLP network and propose a cooperative protocol for WUSB/DRD/WLP device communication. The proposed cooperative protocol can communicate with WUSB/DRD/WLP devices by using the standard DRP reservation and WUSB DRP reservation.

With development of digital multimedia, many applications, such as VoD, remote education, and so on, becomes a reality. Multimedia resource in education system becomes very rich. With the increasing number of multimedia files in school server, how terminal computers in classrooms fetch multimedia at fast speed and low cost is an important problem to solve. Multimedia used in education system has a long history. In order to decrease bandwidth consumption, a new method of dynamic schedule algorithm based on patching prefetching and proxy prefetching has been proposed. Proxy cache first use unicast to get data from server, and then, data sending to each terminal computer would adopt multicast. Proxy server pre-fetches the patching data for the subsequent request from the ongoing entire stream and caches them at the buffer. Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively decrease bandwidth without add space of cache.

This article explores how a digital cultural map can be created based on a database of story materials specific to Korea. Since in story materials, spatial characteristics come with contexts, such as points, areas, and routes, it is necessary to create a digital map service that takes those contexts into account. A spatial database that incorporates spatial characteristics allows connections to time, events, characters, high/low-order space data, description data, and multimedia data. It is then possible to design a service system, which enables multidimensional analysis of background, character, and multimedia information centering on a story material. This article also examines metadata used for such a map service because it requires metadata containing more detailed information on time and space than the current version. Ultimately, once this digital map has been created, it will allow a better understanding of spatial characteristics, such as points, areas, and routes, the creation of new knowledge, and the planning of creative content.

Nowadays, image upsampling methods have become common as large display market is growing. We present a new horizontal direction upsampling method for high resolution display using filter and bilinear filter. Two parameters δ and λ determine which reconstructed results should be used as the final value. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves better results than the traditional methods from both of visual quality and objective performance.

Automatic image annotation has been an active research topic in recent years due to its potential impact on both image understanding and semantic based image retrieval. However, the results of the state-of-the-art image annotation methods are still far from satisfaction due to the existence of semantic gap. Thus refining image annotation (RIA) has become one of the core research topics in computer vision and multimedia areas, whose purpose is to reserve the highly correlated annotations whereas remove the irrelevant or weakly relevant annotations by fully exploring the correlations of annotation keywords. RIA, to some extent, can effectively mitigate the semantic gap between low-level visual features and high-level semantic concepts. So in this paper, we focus on the latest development in image retrieval and provide a comprehensive survey on refining image annotation techniques. In particular, we analyze the key aspects of various RIA methods, including their original intentions and annotation models. Finally, we draw some important conclusions and highlight the potential research directions for the future.

Korean pop culture or hallyu (the Korean Wave) refers to the phenomenon of Korean entertainment and popular culture causing a great sensation in the world with pop music, TV dramas, and movies. Over the last decade, Korea emerged as a new center for the production of transnational pop culture. However, an anti-hallyu movement is often rising in some parts of the world. In this regard, this study suggests that we should look back on the decade by analyzing the backlashes and achievement of hallyu to develop concrete ideas on how to consistently develop it. In order to do so, it is essential for the government to contribute to the progress of cultural exchange with countries where Korean pop culture is making inroads.

This study would like to present memory as a new cultural content through the definition of testimonial literature. In particular, by composing the already established catalogue of testimonial literature, this discussion presents the new concept that memory can serve as new content. This study also pursues an in-depth study on “testimony in literature” that has not been covered in Korean literary circles until now. Actually, “testimonial literature”, unfamiliar to Korean academic circles, is not a subject that is briskly addressed by French social sciences as well as by scholars in other countries. A theme of “testimony and literature” just recently appeared in some global websites of social sciences like “H-net”. Accordingly, we have a great ambition to lead a new trend of social sciences in the world through the project.

Circuit Research of stochastic resonance (SR) method is a hotspot in the domain of fault detection. Based on the introduction of the original circuit model of double steady-state stochastic resonance, an improved algorithm, which is combining square demodulation and stochastic resonance algorithm, is proposed for rolling bearing fault features extraction in the paper. Before the mixed signals to be analyzed are dealt by SR module, low-frequency signals that contain the rolling bearing fault signal are amplified selectively by the square demodulation module. Then, an improved circuit based on the improved algorithm is designed out with the popular circuit designing software of NI Multisim 10.0. After that, the public general test data from the University of Cincinnati data center bearing (IMS-www.imscenter.net) are used to evaluate the performance of the improved circuit. The experimental results show that the improved circuit not only can be realized easily but also has a higher accuracy in fault features extraction than the original one. What’s more, the improved circuit can effectively recognize the typical bearing faults during the whole fault evolution process from weak fault to serious one. Finally, in order to deeply analyze the factors that influencing the fault detection performance of the improved circuit, four parameters, which are the amplitudes and the frequencies of the modulation signal and carrier signal, are selected out and their setting rules are gained based on the corresponding experiments.

Wireless sensor network acquires information from the surroundings using sensor, processes it, and then delivers it to other sensors or sink nodes through wireless interface. This kind of application of wireless sensor network can be used for various areas such as army, private sector, hospital and so on. To improve the efficiency of wireless sensor network, the study on the effective sensor placement methods is being conducted in many ways. Most of these studies do not mention that the environmental factors affect nodes when placing nodes. The reason is because there are too many environmental factors or sensors to be considered that affect other sensors, and because these factors are not easy to be recognized or classified. However, this study classifies and recognizes the factors that we need to consider when placing wireless sensor nodes. In addition, it finds how the sensor’s coverage affects those recognized items. By doing this, this study can be a foundation for the effective placement of sensor nodes in the future when wireless sensor network is built.

The rapid development of wired/wireless Internet technologies and computing devices, such as desktop, laptop and tablet PC, make it possible for education or collaborative work to move the real world to virtual spaces. Therefore e-learning with virtual collaboration through the Internet is expected to go as a powerful educational tool and enables users to study or work together anytime and anywhere. The proposed system consists of two parts – multimedia presentation tool and web-based virtual collaboration. The former supports synchronized multimedia presentation using Synchronous Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL). It allows synchronization of the contents of a PowerPoint presentation file and a video file so that the presentation shows slides and video on the same topic at any given time. The last is the web-based collaborative system in medicine. All participants can see the same screen at the same time and discuss their opinions in a web. Participants can use text along with associated symbols during the discussion over the shared windows. The symbols such as arrows or polygons have x-y coordinates to represent associated participants’ questions and answers. Those can be set or removed dynamically using so called layered architecture that separates slide layer from annotation layer. Those annotations can be easily hidden for training purposes. XML files are used to record participants’ questions and answers along with the associated annotations over some particular images.

Question answering system requires knowledge and the effective representation to simplify the development and speedup the query process. In this work we attempt to apply the ontology design and develop a question answering system for the sample domain knowledge for Thai cats. The ontology and its engine are used to facilitate the query. We present the whole development process for such a system. First, the ontology for the Thai cats was designed. The domain knowledge is focused at the characteristics of Thai cats, the cat diseases, species of Thai cats. The principles of natural language processing is applied to process the question and forming the answer of the question correspondingly. The algorithmic process for finding the keywords, selecting keywords, and mapping keywords to the query is used. To simplify the processing, we employ the question patterns that are suitable for our domain knowledge. The patterns and keywords can be expanded to cover more cases in the future.

In M&A transactions, there are many ‘data’ to be handled to complete any given transaction. There are personal and private data in nature to be transferred and examined during the due diligence process and completing the Representations and Warranties in the final contract. The due diligence sometimes requires “personal data” includes supplier and employee data. In most of the countries, data protection issues have long been neglected in merger and acquisition transactions. However, personal data in many forms can be accessed and may be disclosed even without the knowledge of the information owners. To solve the privacy issues in M&A transactions, we introduce a reliable system in M&A to support access protocol based on privacy policies. Our system helps to securely transfer from the target to the acquirer for any given M&A transaction.

Consideration of the quality of software requirements is a critical activity that is directly connected to the success of a software project. In the product line engineering domain, software requirements are a fundamental part of all the core assets that can be reused in other products. In order to reuse core assets in a family product, an activity that determines quality factors with respect to the software requirements is more important in this domain than in other domains. Although there are many researches on the identification of commonality and variability issues, the consideration of quality factors for satisfying the determined software requirements has not been actively studied. In this paper, we propose a systematic method that evaluates usability in terms of user opinions published on a social network service during the development of core assets in the field of domain engineering.

Finding research papers about particular topic of study is the most time consuming activity for many people including students, professors and researchers. People doing research have to search, read and analyze multiple research papers, e-books and other documents and then determine what they contain and discover knowledge from them. Huge available resources are in the form of unstructured texts format of long text pages which require a long time to process, search, read and analyze. Organizing research papers in their respective subjects or topics can facilitate the search process. We propose a new method to research paper organization and retrieval that is amenable to closely research papers and intertwined research topics. With our centroid and relationship based clustering approach, research papers are arranged and grouped within the most probable research topics or subjects. To determine topic membership, the proposed approach considers relationships such as common terms in paper title, in keywords, in referenced titles and common terms in the top frequent sentences. To solve the high dimensional problem associated with text document, only most important information of the paper is considered and we leverage on multi-word and frequent occurring phrases as the features in clustering process. Conducted experiments show that our approach is effective.

This paper presents a novel and efficient method to enhance the randomness of a Programmable Delay Line (PDL)-based True Random Number Generator (TRNG) by introducing Metastability-based Feedback scheme. As a principal tool for the security of sensor network, random number generator is one of important security primitives. At the CHES2011 conference, a new method of generating random numbers by inducing metastability using precise PDL and PI (proportional-Integral) control has been proposed. As the proposed TRNG could not achieve sufficient randomness on its own, a filtering scheme was used for higher entropy. Unfortunately, the intrinsic characteristics of filters made the throughput of the TRNG decrease by approximately 50\%. To preserve the original throughput and attain a high level of randomness, we present a simple solution that analyzes the probability of outputs and assign long time to metastable state. The proposed scheme shows high randomness in the NIST randomness test suite without any of the throughput loss caused by filtering.

This paper presents a design and analyzes the performance of a relocation planner for electric vehicle sharing system, aiming at reducing management cost and enhancing service ratio by avoiding service degradation stemmed from stock imbalance. The proposed planner creates a set of relocation pairs, each of which consists of an overflow station and an underflow station for respective relocation teams. To simultaneously determine the team-by-team number of staff members and relocation pairs based on the genetic algorithm, each plan is encoded by an integer-valued vector composed of relocation pair and staff allocation parts. The relocation pair part translates individual station matching, complementarily combining overflow and underflow indices as well as including negative number separators. The staff part indicates the number of staff members for each team and thus how many identical pairs can be merged. Genetic operators are allowed only in the relocation pair part, while the fitness function gives precedence to a balanced plan. The performance measurement result, obtained by a prototype implementation, shows that our planner outperforms the reference scheme by up to 53.0 % for given parameter setting.

The existing safety and health monitoring methods for bridge construction are mainly manual monitoring and wired monitoring with many disadvantages, such as low efficiency, poor accuracy, great implementation difficulty, short bridge age, etc. To solve such problems, the paper provides a design scheme for the bridge construction safety and health monitoring System based on wireless sensor networks. In the system, various sensors are mainly used to collect data about the wind, temperature, traffic load, humidity, static position, static displacement and external load response, and then send to the host by route and gateway nodes. After data analysis and processing, the safety of the bridge is evaluated to help the personnel make correct bridge safety precautions. With such advantages as low power demand, wireless transmission of monitoring data, etc., the system is suitable for large range of promotion.

The high speed CPU based routers currently in use could not handle the massive data required for real-time multimedia communication. Graphics processing units (GPUs) offer an appreciable alternative due to high computation power which results from their parallel execution units. This paper presents the implementation of the Dijkstra’s link state IP routing algorithm using GPU. Experimental results show that the proposed GPU-based approach outperforms the same sequential CPU-based implementation in terms of execution time for the same dense graph. In addition, the proposed GPU-based approach reduces about 99% energy consumption over the CPU-based implementation.

Among the various biometric methods, face recognition has become one of the most challenging tasks in the pattern recognition field during the past decades. An integrated algorithm for face recognition is proposed based on the respective advantages of wavelets transform (WT), 2D Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in this paper. At first stage, the original images are decomposed into low frequency images by applying wavelets transform, the high-frequency components were ignored, while the low-frequency components which contains the primary information can be obtained. And then 2D PCA algorithm is used to deal with feature extraction. After generating feature vector, distance classifier and SVM are used for classification stage. Experiments with two face databases show that the proposed method has accuracy and robust for face recognition.

The goal of the present study is to investigate oscillatory features of electroencephalogram in individuals of different ABO blood types with the ultimate aim of identifying distinctive features between blood types in physiological signals. EEG signals have been recorded by four electrodes on scalp from 25 subjects at resting state with eyes open. The power spectral densities have been estimated and analyzed in each of the four frequency bands from 4 to 50 Hz. Statistical analysis and classification using the support vector machines have been carried out, and significant differences are found among subjects with different ABO blood types. Our results indicate that the frequency analysis of EEG data is significantly contingent upon ABO blood type.

The arrival and evolution of Web 2.0 era bring an opportunity for the development of practical knowledge of preschool teachers. It can both wake up the self-consciousness and set up a platform for the development of preschool teachers’ practical knowledge. Therefore, based on the principles of the development of preschool teachers’ practical knowledge and the era characteristics of Web2.0, the environment and products of Web2.0 can be utilized to accelerate the development pace of preschool teachers’ practical knowledge via the methods such as: systematically absorbing the theoretical knowledge and practical strategies; forming the habit of reflecting on practical experiences; building up the mechanism of joint development in practical knowledge for preschool teachers - Preschool education experts - normal university student majoring in preschool education; and, developing multiple channels for the sharing of practical knowledge.

This paper was used as a classroom ceiling, fluorescent lighting currently installed using LED light sensitivity. The mood of the music room and art room created by the room color and lighting can improve a learner’s creativity. Approximately 3,000K color-temperature lighting can affect various senses of a student. A psychological assessment of students was carried out under classroom illumination using Relux software. LED replaced the fluorescent lighting in the classroom. As a result, learning increased by approximately 25% with the LED lamps than with fluorescent lamps. In addition, the average illuminance was derived from the illumination law.

Content Delivery Network (CDN) has become increasingly popular over the past decade with the expectation to provide a better performance and a more scalable, reliable and available content delivery. This can be achieved by delivering the content from caches which are located closer to the end-users than the original server. However, the performance of CDN system is affected by the collaboration among CDN servers. This paper proposes a collaborative caching among CDN servers known as provider oriented hierarchical cooperative content outsourcing (POHC). To highlight the advantages of this propose, a mathematic analytical model is given to compare with the non-cooperative pull-based content outsourcing (Non-CPB). OMNeT++ software is used for simulation in order to verify the result of the analytical model. The consequence from the analytical model matched well with the result from the simulative experiment in term of packet loss, better reliability and less bandwidth consumption versus the Non-CPB mode. After collecting relevant status of all CDN servers in online network, this paper uses DBSPT-Circular-PO algorithm to build POHC with root, which is the content provider.