Earticle

A new side information refinement method for transform domain distributed video coding (DVC) is proposed. In DVC, side information is the frame constructed from key frames which are intra coded. It is utilized as the initial estimate of source symbols of Wyner-Ziv coded frame which is not transmitted to the decoder. Errors in the estimated frames are to be corrected by the decoder using the parity bits which are the only information received from the encoder. Quality of decoder generated side information is one of the most important factors deciding the overall performance of the decoder. A new refinement method of improving the quality of side information of the DVC decoder is proposed. The side information frame is refined at the end of each transform band decoding stage followed by a conventional bi-directional motion estimation and compensation technique. Proposed side information refinement technique consequently improves the quality of final reconstructed pictures.

In this paper, we study the influence of the current on the selection of the cruise path of AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). We extended the current model into 3D space. According to this extended current model, we analyze AUV’s energy consumption under the affects of the water flow and compare it under different cruise paths. This study mainly focuses on the path optimization based on the current model and energy priority. To some extent, it provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the AUV cruise path.

In social media services and social network services, it is necessary to collect, analyze and process their big data with low maintenance cost. Therefore, distributed-parallel data processing on cloud platform is getting spotlight as useful solution for them. In this paper, we present a new architecture of DIVE-C: DIstributed-parallel Virtual Environment on Cloud computing platform for distributed parallel data processing applications which offers a transparent virtual computing environment in order to provide a way easy to launch user’s distributed parallel applications. It hides the complexity of the cloud, and helps users to focus on their new applications and core services. DIVE-C uses agent-based resource management scheme to configure VM resources and application deployment for offering various distributed-parallel application models. VM resources are automatically provided by unified cloud management layer. Furthermore, an easy-to-use web interface of DIVE-C offers convenience to users. We implemented a prototype of DIVE-C, and its experiment results show the competitive performance of DIVE-C for dynamic resource and virtual computing environment provisioning for various data processing models.

In this paper, we propose the mouse to control a computer with a shoe called IPFM: intelligent pressure foot-mouse. It is mainly composed of five parts including pressure sensor (FSR) embedded in a shoe, 3-axis acceleration sensor in front of shoe to measure a foot motion, computing module (FPGA), wireless communication module and visualization module (LABVIEW). From construction of the five parts, we developed a new input device called IPFM, which can be used by people who have difficult in using their hands to operate computers or devices easily. The Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal.

The 470–862 MHz band has recently incurred two major spectrum reallocations: the introduction of digital broadcasting (DB) and the allocation of the 790–862 MHz sub-band as a co-primary base for mobile services. While some countries have accomplished full digital switchover (DSO) and implemented DB as their platform for TV broadcasting, others are still in the trial phase. Until 2015, this sub-band will be usable for either broadcasting or mobile service; lack of coordination between neighboring countries could thus result in co-channel interference. Using a Monte Carlo method, we evaluated the minimum separation distance (MSD) and carrier frequency separation necessary to achieve compatibility. Digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) systems can be protected from international mobile telecommunications-advanced (IMT-A) systems using a carrier frequency separation of 17 MHz. Although IMT-A systems are not protected from DVB-T in this sharing scenario, coexistence between adjacent channels is ensured without recourse to interference mitigation by use of a carrier frequency of at least 15 MHz.

In this paper, we present a new sinusoidal coding and spectral band replication (SBR) method for a low bit-rate super-wideband speech and audio coding. The sinusoidal coding algorithm utilizes the local rms energy of partial frequency bands in modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) domain to select peak MDCTs. The SBR is based on the pseudo-spectral correlation between lower band and higher band. The proposed techniques are shown experimentally to give improved performance compared to ITU-T G.718 Annex B from the objective and subjective evaluation.

The evaluation and measurement of human body dimensions are achieved by physical anthropometry. The main goal of this research is to optimization of facial feature point by establishing a mathematical relationship among facial features and used optimize feature points for age classification. According to this proposes method, sixteen Euclidean distances are calculated from the eighteen selected facial feature points vertically as well as horizontally. The distances between the specified features points increase with respect the age progression of a human from his or her childhood but the ratio of the distances does not change ( =1.618). Feature distances are used for classification of age using Support Vector Machine (SVM) - Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) algorithm and shown around 96% accuracy.

With advances in image display technology, recapturing good-quality images from high-fidelity artificial scenery on a LCD screen becomes possible. Forgers can recapture the artificially generated scenery and use the recaptured image to fool image forensic system. Image recapture detection is to distinguish real-scene images from the recaptured ones. An image recapture detection method based on multiple feature descriptors is proposed in this paper, which uses combinations of low-level features including texture, noise, difference histogram and color information. One hundred and thirty-six dimensions of features are extracted to train a support vector machine classifier with RBF kernel. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient with good detection rate of distinguishing real-scene images from the recaptured ones. It also possesses low dimensional features and low time complexity.

Howling is generated due to acoustic feedback circuit and is difficult to predict since it varies depending on the indoor environment. Furthermore, it is hard to distinguish between original and howling signals in real-time. In this paper, we propose a novel howling detection method based on statistical analysis of temporal power spectra. The proposed method is shown experimentally to be suitable for howling detection.

This paper presents two questionnaire studies that were carried out to capture an understanding of English learners, the contexts around them, and their information technology (IT) usage practices, with a special focus on Korean university students preparing for the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC). We examined their attitudes towards TOEIC in a study in which 232 participants answered 16 questions. In a second study on 51 university students, we also explored the patterns of IT usage in relation to studying for the TOEIC. The results of these two studies hopefully shed light on the design of realistic and usable English learning systems.

The multiple Huffman table (MHT) based encryption technique for multimedia encryption gained much popularity, due to its simplicity, less complexity and good compression performance. At the same time, it is proved that the MHT based encryption system is vulnerable to several types of attacks. In this paper, the security issues of the MHT based encryption system are analyzed. On the basis of analysis, the paper proposes a modified version of MHT based encryption system, with minimal impact on its simplicity and compression performance. It is proposed to perform blockwise shuffling of the transformed image (in DCT domain) based on a chaotic map prior to the MHT stage, so that an attacker cannot retrieve the key because of the changes in the spatial arrangement caused by the blockwise shuffling in the transform domain. Moreover, to ensure copyright protection as well as traitor tracing, it is proposed to incorporate joint fingerprinting and decryption (JFD) technique at the receiver stage. The system is subjected to the known forms of attacks and it has been proved that the proposed system is able to resist the same with minimal level of increase in the system complexity

In this paper, we propose a 3D mobile user interaction for 3D space using a mono camera in mobile devices. The proposed system can support a UI using only the index finger of the hand holding the mobile device. Proposed fingertip detection algorithm was developed to overcome the limitation of the skin color segmentation of previous studies under varying lighting conditions and complex background using MMGC and AdaBoost algorithm. Also in proposed 3D mobile user interface, the estimated coordinates and area of the fingertip can be mapping 3D space of implemented application. The experimental result indicates the feasibility of the proposed algorithm for finger movement-based mobile user interfaces.

Convergence is one of the most popular buzzwords in the academic, research, and industrial fields. One of the most successful examples of convergence is Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), a convergence of communication and broadcast methodologies. In this study we introduce the ‘Open IPTV System’ that allows subscribers to easily open their own IPTV broadcasting station. We then investigated the broadcast management system (BMS) of the ‘Open IPTV System’. Finally, we designed and implemented a broadcast management web system that allows the operators to access the BMS anytime and anywhere as long as they are connected to Internet.

This paper proposes a hardware error checking approach（CCRC）by using redundancy core for multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) and describes several main error detection methods based on Software-Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance (SHIF) idea proposed in literatures. The CCRC approach insert some error detection code in high level code, detect the existing of redundancy core in MPSoC, then complete the calculation of detection code in redundancy core. The author compares the CCRC approach with several main error detection methods on error detection capabilities, area, memory and performance overheads in an experiment platform. The result of comparative evaluation shows that the CCRC approach is effective for MPSoC, taking some advantages in versatility and lower cost.

In this paper, we propose a location estimating algorithm for a remotely controlled robot with a sensor node using a wireless sensor network, named RDV-HOP. The proposed algorithm is based on, and improves the DV-HOP algorithm, which estimates the location by counting the number of hops between the sensor nodes. The RDV-HOP separates the Estimative Distance (ED) from Non-Estimative Distance (NED) based on the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) scheme, and locates the robot with the RSSI if the robot is in the ED, or locates the robot with the number of hops if the robot is in the NED. A simulation of the RDV-HOP algorithm is performed by applying various environments as its model. When the effective distance is in a range of 40~80%, it shows the largest performance improvement in location errors. The proposed RDV-HOP algorithm decreases the distance error of 121.89% maximum when compared to the DV-HOP.

This paper is about how to create virtual musical instruments. Virtual instruments have a wide variety of usages and vary from digitizing audio samples of real instruments and recreating brand new virtual instruments that do not exist. Virtual instruments help music composers to compose music more easily and quickly, they also provide composers with new ideas and concepts for traditional music composition. The biggest attraction of virtual instruments is that the sound produced is real. Today's software synths are in some ways superior to their analog counterparts. They produce an excellent quality of sound, are stable, and parameters are automatable in real time, such as the opening and closing of filters, the changing of envelope decay times, bending pitch, and so on. Virtual instruments are a global standard and their acceptance has strengthened with time. This paper describes the concept of music synthesis and explains the process of how to create a new instrument from a pre-recorded guitar.

The present situation, which has the danger of destroying and damaging the ruins and cultural assets by mistake or trial and error in maintaining them, has become a serious problem in preserving the ruins and cultural assets. Therefore, we can resolve these problems, by means of the technology of 3D virtual reality digital restoration. This technology provides a very effective method in preserving cultural asset data semi-permanently as well as utilizing them. Besides, when excellent quality is required in loading virtual reality software, execution speed gets slower due to excessive traffic, and even the normal operation is not done. Thus, this paper presents the skill, which can improve quality and loading speed in order to resolve those problems.

This paper used the data from 208 college students as the study object. Through the interaction of the study method of survey report and empirical study, the study used SPSS 17.0 to analyze the data of collected. The study discussed the problems of how Chinese college students treat multi-media English teaching, which includes information literacy, learning tactics, learning method, learning attitude and so on. The result shows that Chinese college students own the basic information literacy, however, they are in a unsuitable state of English learning method, English learning tactics under the multi-media environment. According to the study result, the paper made a relevant adaptive conclusion.

According to analysis at SNL Kagan, the market share of IPTV is rapidly growing whereas the market share of cable TV is slowly shrinking. This paper introduces an ‘Open IPTV System’ which allows a subscriber to easily open his or her own IPTV broadcasting station. In the ‘Open IPTV System’, operators must be present at the office to access the content management system (CMS). We implement a web CMS so that the operators can access the CMS anytime and anywhere as long as they are connected to Internet.

Food poisoning that can happen commonly, a little caution can be prevented in advance, but the average consumer can not know whether the poisoning infection of food. While there are many factors affecting food poisoning typically changes in temperature and humidity, and monitoring temperature and humidity variability during transport and storage is very important. So we proposed the food poisoning prevention monitoring system based on the smart RFID tag system. Proposed system consists of RFID tag, temperature and humidity sensor, sensor interface, RFID reader, and server. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, we performed experiments on the tofu. Proposed system measures the temperature and humidity using the smart RFID tag. The measured information can be calculated according to food poisoning index with four grade, interest, caution, warning, risk, and is monitored. The proposed system confirms usefulness through experiments.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an amplification method of genetic materials and is used in almost every process that includes genetic material treatment. Conventional PCR machines control the process with a computer that is connected with a wire, limiting the mobility and requiring an expensive, high technological installation skill. This paper utilizes the wireless Bluetooth technology to resolve such problems, enabling the user to control the PCR process with a smartphone. The PCR machine is paired with a smartphone, and a protocol that can control the PCR machine is integrated in the smart phone. By controlling the PCR machine with a smartphone many advantages can be achieved from enabling PCR machines to be installed in an environment that does not provide wired networking, reduce the cost and improvement in convenience of control and mobility.

With widely application of nanomanipulation, the design requirements of nanomanipulation control system is higher and higher. To improve the control precision of nano-components, it is important to do research on closed-loop control method for nanomanipulation. The piezoelectric ceramic actuator has the inherent characteristic of hysteresis, creep and nonlinear. Attocube is adopted as piezoelectric ceramic actuator in this system. Aiming at the designed nanomanipulation system based on Attocube, the closed-loop nanomanipulation control method based on fuzzy PID is studied. Based on the simplified modeling of piezoelectric devices and its displacement model, the controller of nano-manipulation system is designed and its simulation based on Matlab is conducted. Simulational results prove the effectiveness of the method.

Significant IP mobility mechanisms have been designed to minimize the handover overhead of mobile nodes. Although many efficient algorithms such as Mobile IP, HMIP and PMIP have been proposed, they did not attempt to upgrade their paging mechanisms that also heavily affect the power consumption of mobile nodes. Considering a good paging scheme is important because more than 95% of mobile nodes are moving in the idle state and change their states to active only for paging area updates. However, existing paging schemes assume the configuration of fixed paging areas and do not explore the dynamic nature of a paging area size depending on the states of mobile nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic IP paging scheme, where a paging area size is configured dynamically based on the speed and direction of a mobile node. The performance evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed IP paging scheme reduces the power consumption, compared to a fixed IP paging scheme.

Effect of polarity in substrate for ZnO growth was researched. The zinc oxide films were deposited on SiOC/Si wafer by a RF magnetron sputtering system. SiOC film was also deposited by RF magnetron sputtering to obtain a low temperature process. Polarity in SiOC film changed with increasing the oxygen gas flow rates, and the chemical shift in the PL spectra was observed because of lowering the polarity of SiOC film caused by chemical reactions between CH group and OH group as the polar sites by high plasma energy. The chemical shift after ZnO deposition on SiOC film made was attributed to defects owing to the Vo and Zni and the valence band in ZnO at interfaces between ZnO and SiOC films. ZnO grown on SiOC film including polar sites changed the roughness owing to the induction of the trap charge resulted from the defects. The roughness of ZnO increased at SiOC with low polarity. SiOC with polar sites enhanced the level of blue emission deeply, and showed the blue shift in PL spectra.

Television drama reflect the dominant values of iedological force in our lives as well as defind the personal life as a certain point of view. Soap opera genre has a many different aspect of valualble of life. It also dealing with power relations with family members of storytelling. Korean typical soap opera narrative often to use conflict between marrage couples to express the hidden unconscious desires and to present the psychological situation of excess characters. The elements of stroy tells the viewers what is the best way to working together as a family members based on the moral aspect of one’s life.

This paper sheds the light on coexistence and sharing between high altitude platform system (HAPS) and Fixed Services (FS) as a recently critical issue due to the spectrum shortage. International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunications sector (ITU-R) allocated the 5850-7075 MHz band for the operation of HAPS along with existing FS services. Therefore, coexistence and sharing requirements like separation distance and frequency separation coordination must be achieved in terms of both co-channel and adjacent channel frequencies. The interference analysis mode based on the spectrum emission mask (SEM) is applied in the mentioned band to extract the required frequency separation to protect adjacent channel interference. Also interference to noise ratio (INR) as standard interference criteria is utilized.

As digital contents are increasingly available over the Internet, the user’s mobility also is scaling up as wireless networks are widely adopted. Although the Internet offers a convenient medium for the transmission of digital contents, some issues such as network conditions, computing resources and receiver heterogeneity may affect the QoS of such transmissions. Thus, the convergence of cloud computing for managing resources, computing allocations and provisioning compounded with the emergence of HMIPv6 will lead to a more robust solution with this QoS issues. The advantages of Cloud Computing and HMIPv6 are utilized to address the shortage in computation, memory, and energy resources to support advanced graphic processing functions in real-time, especially for high-resolution digital multimedia contents, as well as security vulnerabilities for wireless networks connecting mobile terminals. This paper presents a model for the accessing digital contents through cloud computing infrastructure and hierarchical mobile networks.

The cluster-based routing protocol (CBRP) is a grouping mechanism that supports unicast and multicast path discovery for low congestion and packet loss in routing mechanisms for multi-hop wireless mesh networks. No simulation analyses or comparisons with other routing protocols have been reported. In this paper, we have evaluated the performance of the CBRP and compared it to AODV and OLSR through software simulations. The scheme indicates several better performance levels in terms of the channel capacity, path discovery, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay, at the sacrifice of routing overhead degradation.

Cheorwon is a field of our history where military cultural relics as well as historical cultural assets are located as the capital of Taebong that took the world by storm. The DMZ near the city shows the possibility of the city as a good ecotourism site encompassing the historicity and clean image. Nevertheless, it cannot dispel the negative image resulted from the tension of armistice frontier, severely cold winter weather and the poverty of rural community. Accordingly, this study proposes a method to improve the image of the region by utilizing the cultural resources of Cheorwon based on the concept of eco-museum. Eco-museum which becomes theoretical base of the study is a new form of museum to make a whole area as a museum unlike conventional museums attracting audiences to the collections exhibited in the limited space. The ecomuseum will contribute to the activation of sustainable local economy.

Various techniques that employ Global Positioning System(GPS) signals such as A-GPS and GPS transmitters, have been introduced with the hope to provide a solution for indoor positioning detection. Indoor positioning system (IPS) is a term that is used for network devices used to wirelessly locate objects or people inside building. The study is based on the issue in order to determine the position of an object in indoor environment or inside a building. The problems arise when the position of an object inside a building cannot be determined using GPS. We proposed the implementation of trilateration technique to determine the position of users in indoor areas based on Wi-Fi signal strengths from access points (AP) within the indoor vicinity. In this paper, percentage of signal strengths obtained from Wi-Fi analyzer in a smartphone were converted into distance between users and each AP. A user’s indoor position could then be determined using a formula proposed based on trilateration technique.