Earticle

The IEEE 802.11 based WLAN is widely used because of its low cost and high data rate not only in a small office but also in a public hot spot. To support IP mobility of a mobile node in WLAN the mobile node should have a complicated Mobile IP function in its protocol stack if conventional host-based management protocol such as MIPv6 is used. In this paper we propose an efficient hand over scheme of PMIPv6 in WLAN without changing of protocol stack in an IEEE 802.11 based mobile node. Simultaneous L2 and L3 handover scheme is introduced and modified message in Neighbour Detection procedure is used for handover management. Also analytical model for handover latency is developed and evaluation of proposed scheme against conventional protocols is illustrated. The analysis result shows that the proposed scheme reduces handover latency and number of packet lost.

The emerging importance of Second Language (L2) Digital Literacy within English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Korea is becoming apparent. This is likely to evolve to where L2 Digital Literacy becomes regarded as the most critical component of overall L2 English Literacy. Computer-based Internet-hosted Learning Management Systems (LMS) are rapidly being adopted worldwide for distance education, and are also being applied to blended (hybrid) education. LMS such as the popular open-source Moodle have a special potential in EFL Education: by setting the LMS to force English to be used exclusively throughout a course website, the meta-language can be made the target L2 language. Students develop the ability to use English to navigate the Internet, access and contribute to online resources, and engage in computer-mediated communication. Through such necessary and pragmatic engagement with English, students significantly develop their L2 Digital Literacy.

In this paper, there is introduced an approach to surface reconstruction of an object captured by one grayscale camera with a small resolution. The proposed solution expects a rectangular grid being projected onto the object and the camera capturing the situation from position different to the grid projector position. The crucial part of the method is exact detection of the grid. The structure of the grid is identified by the centers of the inner space between its lines. The reconstruction process itself is based on a simple math of perspective projection of the captured image. Due to the small resolution of the image some errors arise during object surface reconstruction. We proposed a correction of the calculated coordinates, which is a simple one-dimensional function depending on the distance from the camera. The method performs very well as the results in conjunction with the precision evaluation indicate at the end of the paper.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. It studies the problems of automated generation and understanding of natural human languages. This paper outlines a framework to use computer and natural language techniques for various levels of learners to learn foreign languages in Computer-based Learning environment. We propose some ideas for using the computer as a practical tool for learning foreign language where the most of courseware is generated automatically. We then describe how to build Computer Based Learning tools, discuss its effectiveness, and conclude with some possibilities using on-line resources.

This paper deals with one of the new emerging multimedia data types, namely, handwritten cursive text. The paper presents two indexing methods for searching a collection of cursive handwriting. The first index, called word-level index, treats word as pictogram and uses global features for representing the cursive words and their retrieval. Each word (or stroke)can be described with a set of features and, thus, can be stored as points in the feature space. The Karhunen-Loѐ. ve transform is then used to minimize the number of features used (data dimensionality) and thus the index size. Feature vectors are stored in an R-tree. The second index, called stroke-level index, treats the word as a set of strokes. We implemented both indexes and carried many simulation experiments to measure the effectiveness and the cost of the search algorithm. The proposed indexes achieve substantial saving in the search time over the sequential search. Moreover, the proposed indexes improve the matching rate up to 46% over the sequential search. The word-level index is suitable for large collection of cursive text. The stroke-level index is more accurate than the word-level index, but the stroke-level index is more costly than the word-level index in terms of the search time.