Earticle

Software Project Management (SPM) is one of the primary factors to software success or failure. Prediction of software development time is the key task for the effective SPM. The accuracy and reliability of prediction mechanisms is also important. In this paper, we compare different machine learning techniques in order to accurately predict the software time. Finally, by comparing the accuracy of different techniques, it has been concluded that Gaussian process algorithm has highest prediction accuracy among other techniques studied. Experimental results show this prediction approach is more effective.

Of the five senses, color vision is the most responsive. Color is an energy that can control the psychological and physiological responses of human beings. This study investigates improvements in learning performance by conducting an experiment wherein the colors of papers were changed. We examined whether the primary learning techniques utilized by students in English and math (i.e., memorization, logical thinking, reading comprehension, and calculation) changed according to the color of a test sheet. The experiment was performed in a regular classroom setting; lighting and temperature were the same as usual; however, the color of test sheets varied between blue, orange, yellow, and white. The experiment revealed that yellow improved math performance, blue improved memorization skills in English, and that orange improved calculation and comprehension skills. This indicates that simply changing the color of a sheet can contribute to improved learning performance. Furthermore, these finding can be applied in many different fields.wt

Constructing effective and generalizable synthesized motions is crucial for creating naturalistic, versatile, and effective virtual characters and robots. High dimensional time series are endemic in applications of machine learning such as robotics (sensor data), computational biology (gene expression data), vision (video sequences) and graphics (motion capture data). Practical nonlinear probabilistic approaches to this data are required. I would like to go through several existing models such as Gaussian Process Dynamic Systems and Deep Belief Networks. I would analyze their strengths and limitations. I would also try to incorporate physical constraints to improve the motion quality. And on the other hand, try to improve the structure of the models or the learning algorithms.

The uniqueness of Chinese makes the Chinese language have become a hotspot in language learning. In view of the problem of wrongly written character teaching in Chinese language teaching, it provides a simple, convenient and efficient input method of wrongly written characters and realizes a dynamic generation and editing system for wrongly written Chinese character font, which solves the problems of real-time edit, coding and input of wrongly written character in editing process using dynamic editing technology, and provides a convenient input method of wrongly written character in editing, printing, typesetting and the research of digital Chinese language teaching. This method can also be used in ancient variant dynamic editing, generation and processing of ancient variant, Oracle, bronze and folk combined characters.

Representation method of interactive ride game contents can be characterized as a synchronize process between the X, Y, Z coordinate value - camera path data of stereophonic imaginary world of which spreading through digital screen, and physical movement of motion chair. This paper introduced a motion frame editor tool and method of interactive ride game contents which allows modifying motion frame, and shows appropriate adaptability on multimedia content developing program. While data being modified by motion frame editing tool inside of UNITY 3D Game Engine. Data can be directly identified as the coordinate changes of X, Y, Z follow by the movement of camera, it is possible to shorten the production period and cut spending. In addition, comparing with using input operation of mouse drawing method during the editing period of a whole project, we hope to present a more convenient editing operation that can help improving interactive ride game contents service.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is widely used in industrial control, signal acquisition; intelligent household production and life in various aspects, such as its main communicate through wireless channel. Because of the wireless sensor network (WSN) is widely decorate, its positioning as one of the important applications. The traditional two-dimensional plane positioning has can't meet the demand. Three-dimensional positioning method has become the focus of the study, however, since most sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks are limited energy, aiming at this problem, this paper will consider under the maximum energy efficiency of localization algorithm, under the condition of ensure the positioning precision, minimize the consumption of energy, improving energy efficiency. Simulation analysis show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the efficiency of energy utilization, and ensure that the three dimensional positioning accuracy and stability.

This study aimed to develop school community to share knowledge by using Multimedia Learning Resource Sharing (MLRS). MLRS was developed as a means for educators and learners across schools to share online based internet. To measure MLRS’s acceptance as a medium of sharing knowledge, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as a model of approach. This study tried to explore factors that were dominant, interrelated and influential to the level of MLRS’s acceptance in sharing knowledge. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The present study revealed that user Content Management (CM) affected Perceived Ease of Use (PEoU), while Content management (CM) and PEoU affected the benefits of Perceived Usefulness (PU). PEoU and PU affected Intention to Use (ITU); and ITU affected Actual System Usage (ASU). In general, the presence of MLRS received a positive acceptance from users in developing sharing knowledge between Senior High schools in West Java.

As a successor to H.264/AVC, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard has an outstanding performance than before. To make the coding efficiency higher, one introduced new coding feature in HEVC is adding intra prediction modes up to 35 instead of 9 in H.264, but it increases calculation complexity. To save the coding time, this paper proposes a fast intra mode decision algorithm based on edge detection technology using sobel operator. Because of the principle that sobel operator can find the texture edge directly, the proposed algorithm can save large numbers of coding time with only a little BD-rate rising. Experimental results show that the proposed fast intra mode decision algorithm can save 38.8% computational complexity on average with a 1.6% BD-rate rise.

Advances in digital sensors, communications, computation, and storage have created huge collections of data, capturing information of value to business, science, government, and society. Many machine learning algorithms do not scale beyond data sets of a few million elements or cannot tolerate the statistical noise and gaps found in real-world data. Further research is required to develop algorithms that apply in real-world situations and on data sets of trillions of elements. In this paper we propose a conjugate based novel algorithm to handle the huge collections of data. Through the experimental results, proposed method performs well on huge data from UCI machine learning repository data set.

In recent, a medical information system that enables hospitals with different hospital systems to efficiently share and exchange medical information is demanded. For transferring medical information between medical information systems, the connection course that transforming medical data in compliance with a HL7 of the medical information exchange protocol is required. This study suggests DBaaS that efficiently cooperates the schema structure between each different medical information system by using XMDR-DAI for different HL7 standard protocol. Furthermore, this study applied XMDR-DAI in order to solve the collision due to schema heterogeneity that occurs in the information connection course between medical systems.

With the study of human visual system (HVS), people find that the human eye shows different degree of sensitivity to different light signals. A higher background brightness region of the human eye for the distortion, the degree of sensitivity will be greatly reduced. The human eye’s sensitivity will be greatly reduced to the distortion of a higher brightness background region. This finding is discribed in Weber-Fechner law. Therefore, the encoder can be improved by employing this characteristic of human visual system. In this paper, the authors use this characteristic to improve the H.264 video coding algorithm. In order to improve the compression efficiency of encoder, give the brightness of different regions with different levels of quantification by adjusting the quantization step size (QP), without affecting the subjective quality of video. Experimental results show that the output bit rate decrease up to 10% -20% by using this improved algorithm in H.264 reference encoder, and the subjective quality of decoded image by using this improved algorithm is as good as the standard H.264 encoders.

Glaucoma is an eye disease which damages the optic nerve that carries information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma is the second foremost reason of blindness. An efficient hardware based implementation of glaucoma screening is a significant task in the automated retinal image analysis method. This paper presents an automatic glaucoma screening using a TMS320C6416DSK DSP board. The detection procedure consists of two stages. The first stage comprises of image pre-processing and detection of optic nerve head center using circular Hough Transform .In the second stage, the optic disk diameter is calculated and cup is segmented from disk. The proposition between disk and cup is calculated for abnormal image screening. The implemented technique is tested on a publicly available retinal image data sets and the average accuracy achieved is 97.5%.

Due to a high percentage of the bad pixels in small baseline stereo matching method, a small baseline stereo matching method based on adaptive weight is proposed. Firstly, the size of reference window is adaptively calculated for each reference point and then matching costs is evaluated according to adaptive weights and reference window size. Secondly, winner take all is used to evaluate initial disparities and unreliable matches are refused by using reliability constraints. Finally, disparity post processing method based on iterative diffuse using a new cost function is used to obtain a dense disparity map. A small baseline stereo image pair of Toulouse and stereo image pairs provided by the benchmark Middlebury database are used to test the proposed method. The experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce a percentage of the bad pixels of depth discontinuity areas, improve the overall disparity matching accuracy and meet the requirements of small baseline three-dimensional reconstruction.

Poor weather condition such as fog, rain or haze causes problem in getting information from image. As computer vision system extracts features from the scene, it is important that reliable information could be obtained by removing haze. This paper proposes a fast fog removal method which is implementable in hardware for single image. Using pixel-based median channel of haze image, we can estimate atmospheric light. As a result, high-quality image can be recovered with lower computation complexity compared to patch-based dark channel prior. FPGA implementation shows that real-time dehazing is achievable with median channel prior.

In this paper, we solved a location privacy protection in location-based services (LBS) where the mobile user had to report her exact location information to an LBS provider for the purpose of obtaining her wished services. Location invisible had been well proposed and researched to defend user privacy. However, as the nature of the insecure wireless net environment the user’s location information may still be uncovered. We presented a k-anonymity algorithm using encryption for location privacy protection that can improve security of LBS system by encrypting the information transmitted by wireless. The experimental results evidence that the processing time is acceptable in current low-level devices.

The performance differences between a graphics tablet and a mouse in graphical applications were comparatively analyzed. To measure the performance, an approach to quantify the controllability and accuracy was taken. The experiment was conducted on 20 volunteers, and the improvement of the skill proficiency of the test subjects was measured during 32 weeks. The benchmark test for the measurement was to remove a target image area from the background using the ‘path’ function in Adobe Photoshop within a set time limit. Keeping consistent the allocated amount of time to become proficient with a device, the results confirmed that, compared to the mouse, the graphics tablet showed a 40% improvement in control performance for operations with complex curves. Notably, for simple operations such as straight lines, no significant differences were observed. These results are expected to provide suggestions on the efficiency and suitability of input devices for professional graphical operations.

To insure the fairness for the Cognitive Radio (CR) nodes with various available channels, a frequency hopping CR MAC protocol based dynamic (named DCR-MAC) is proposed. In the case of uneven distribution of frequency spectrum in cognitive Ad Hoc network, based on the numbers of workable channels of each cognitive node, DCR-MAC protocol adjusts access time dynamically, ensuring the node priority access channel number, in order to improve the overall performance of the network. Meanwhile, against the problem of the multi-channel hidden terminal which appears in cognitive network of single wireless interface configuration, through introducing the "data segment" mechanism, and informing present channels occupied condition of adjacent node via receiving node, DCR-MAC protocol broadcast of channel occupation in transmission channel, and prohibit possible data transmission of adjacent node, in order to solve this problem on this account. Finally, proving that DCR-MAC protocol is obviously excelled other FH CR MAC protocols in through put capacity, packet access delay, accessing fairness which through network simulation.

3D Modeling is a process of developing 3D objects and their features, having gained popularity during the last decade. As of now, there are many 3D editors to help 3D modeling such as Google’s sketch up, AutoCad, sunglass and others. As these 3D editors have become more useful and 3D-related activities have become rich, collaboration in 3D modeling is getting much attention. In this paper, we present a new 3D editor named Lets3D. In editing and sharing 3D objects, Lets3D enables a group of users to collaborate in real time. To support these collaboration features, Lets3D relies on the XMPP messaging facility and the whiteboard service of C3ware, which is a middleware providing abstract editing operations and synchronization operations on shared objects over cloud storage. To run on Web browsers, Lets3D is developed as an extension of the Three.js editor which uses the Three.js lightweight JavaScript 3D library.

The VBW (Vogel-Breuß-Weickert) model is proposed as a method to recover 3-D shape under point light source illumination and perspective projection. However, the VBW model recovers relative, not absolute, shape. Here, shape modification is introduced to recover the exact shape. Modification is applied to the output of the VBW model. First, a local brightest point is used to estimate the reflectance parameter from two images obtained with movement of the endoscope camera in depth. A Lambertian sphere image is generated using the estimated reflectance parameter and VBW model is applied for a sphere. Regression analysis is introduced to improve the surface gradients, where linear coefficients can be obtained using true values of gradient parameters with a generated sphere. Depth can then be recovered using the modified gradient parameters. Performance of the proposed approach is confirmed via computer simulation and real experiment.

In this paper, the end-to-end performance of the mobile-relay-based mobile-to-mobile (M2M) system with amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying over N-Nakagami fading channels is investigated. The exact closed-form expressions for the lower bound on average symbol error probability (ASEP) and upper bound on channel capacity are derived. Then the ASEP and channel capacity performance under different conditions is evaluated to confirm the accuracy of the analysis. Results are presented which show that the fading coefficient, the number of cascaded components, the relative geometrical gain, and the power-allocation parameter have an important influence on the ASEP and channel capacity performance.

Hospital information System is a new research field; the generalized medical information includes all information products and technologies related to health. In this paper, we try to analyze rehabilitation factors related to senile liver cirrhosis concurrent hospital infections, by using the data from hospital information System .We select 60 senile liver cirrhosis patients received by hospitals from July 2012 to July 2014 as samples, review and analyze their clinical data, investigate relevant experts’ valuable recognition data, and explore factors related to senile liver cirrhosis concurrent hospital infection patients. Result shows that Senile liver cirrhosis patients are prone to hospital infections, and gram positive bacteria are the main pathogen. There are numerous rehabilitation factors, including age, aerobic exercise, complication, antibiotic, albumin, invasive operation factors, etc. Clinical staff should implement etiological treatment and establish corresponding preventive measures to reduce the incidence of hospital infections.

Mobile technologies have enormous potential to transform ordinary institutions content to electronic content. This change contributes to advance the level of performance of these institutions, whether educational or services institutions. Therefore, developing such applications using one of the well-known Software Engineering paradigms is important to support the institutions. Most of educational organizations in Oman don’t provide a clear mobile application architecture that supports different organizational services. The significant purposes of these services are to provide an environment with more malleable procedures, satisfying student’s needs, and achieving a quick access to information. Moreover, this paper proposes an extension tool to support students in all educational fields to send their appeal against exams results via a mobile application that integrates one of the well-known software architectures called Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). In this paper, Service-Oriented Architecture for post result mobile application is used to integrate a set of services that have been implemented in a web server with the existing post result application.

In order to realize the current requirements of video image data memory card such as low power consumption, high storage density, high reading/writing speed, and enhancing the storage medium compatibility with improving the storage capacity and stability at the same time, we suggested a design of Video image data memory card using ATA interface hard-disk, and we use modularized design in this program, consists four parts: the image data buffer module, ATA logic module, ATA interface module, host communication module. Wherein the image data buffer module selects the CPLD plus external FIFO to complete makes the system only need to modify the CPLD program while working together with different external devices, which can improve the reliability and maintainability of the memory card that we designed. The functions of ATA logic module and ATA interface module are realized based on FPGA. The host communication module is completed by the AVR chips with TUSB6250 chip, ensuring the memory card has the advantages of low power consumption, internal short circuit protection and so on. In this paper, the proposed memory card scheme has the superiority such as lower cost, better compatibility, easy to expand, especially suitable for huge amounts of data in video store.

Mobile camera based interaction, which makes use of video input from the inbuilt camera, has been investigated to serve as a supplementary or alternative technique for direct touch manipulation on mobile devices to address usability issues such as the occlusion problem and fat finger problem. Despite some prototype systems have been designed and developed, we still do not possess a good understanding of many fundamental issues closely related to mobile camera based manipulation. In order to enrich this body of knowledge, we conducted a user study using Fitts’ reciprocal pointing tasks to explore different cursor positioning styles' influence on users' pointing performance in one-handed mobile camera based cursor manipulation. The results showed that the style of moving the cursor to the opposite direction to which the device moved outperformed the style of moving the cursor to the same direction in terms of both selection time and error rate, although the latter was not statistically significant. In addition, the former gained great popularity among participants.

In this paper, we propose a new dithering method which uses random weight assignment. We use 3-by-3 window for dithering process and four coefficient values are randomly determined, where right, left-down, down, and right-down weights are determined accordingly. The sum of all weights is one. Block diagram and the pseudo code are provided. Experiments were conducted on two natural and two artificial images. Simulation results show that the proposed approach gives the best visual quality among all result images.

A hand gesture recognition system for American sign language (ASL) using hierarchical features based on an infrared image is proposed. To reduce the error rate and illumination chage, the infrared image is used in this article. Hierarchical features consist of object extern, Hu-moment invariants, and direction features. First, circularity and eccentricity can be computed from the object extern feature. And then, ASL is classified by K-means using them. Next, the moment invariants features are used to recognize hand gestures by back-propagation (BP). Finally, the direction feature can accurately classify similar gestures like G and Z, I and J, U and H. The goal of this article is to achieve an efficient and effective hand gesture recognition system that meets the high recognition rate of gestures. Through experiments, the recognition rate for the proposed method is 97.15% and it takes 0.046 s to process one frame.

Web-based course is the important method in the landscape design teaching. In this paper, the ANP (Analytic Network Process) model has been adopted to evaluate the quality of the development of on-line courses, so as to provide the basis for preferred on-line courses. Conclude 10 evaluation indicators from 3 aspects of teaching, availability, and technology, and establish ANP model consisting of control layer, network layer, and alternatives. Four web-based courses of landscape design were chosen as the evaluation objects and the SD (Super Decisions) software was used to conduct the calculation. The result shows that: ANP is a practical science decision analysis method, comprehensively considering the mutually influential and feedback relationships of indicators, and is suitable for the evaluation and decision of the complex problems. The development quality evaluation of ANP which is applied in landscape design web-based courses is feasible, and the result of research can provide decision basis to web-based course development.