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Today, martial arts have developed into international competitions based on rules and forms, and various competitions are held on the world stage. Judo and Taekwondo have been adopted as Olympic sports, and Kendo, Karate, Wushu, and Sumo are also being held at the international level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between martial arts mentality, lifestyle attitude changes, and training continuity of martial arts sports participants. In order to achieve this purpose, the research subjects were selected as Chinese college students participating in martial arts sports, and the survey link was shared online and sampled through email. A total of 400 data were sampled, and 50 questionnaires that could not be used for analysis due to insincere responses or missing answers were excluded, and a total of 350 questionnaires were finally used for analysis. The martial arts sports were limited to Wushu, Taekwondo, and Judo. Data processing was performed using the statistical program SPSS 22.0 version to perform statistical processing according to the purpose of analysis. The results obtained through this research process are as follows. First, martial arts mentality was found to partially affect changes in lifestyle attitudes. Second, martial arts mentality was found to partially affect training continuity. Third, changes in lifestyle attitudes were found to partially affect training continuity.

The fashion industry, which leads to new designs and trends, is a future-oriented industry that must move faster than other industries and is sensitive to global trends. Accordingly, the introduction of AI technology is also progressing very quickly. In particular, the number of brands utilizing AI in various areas from the product development stage to marketing, customized recommendations, and various campaigns is gradually increasing. Therefore, in the fashion industry, AIbased design tools can be used flexibly depending on the user, so there is a need to systematically study how to utilize them. This study is very significant in that it analyzes the characteristics of a fashion industry platform that is integrated with AI technology and, through this, is used as basic data to suggest changes in the fashion industry and the capabilities that it must have in the future.

The purpose of this study was to identify career barriers, faculty-student interaction, and factors that affect the level of career decision-making among university students. The questionnaire was self-reported, and the URL was sent via text message to students who agreed to participate after reading the purpose and necessity of the study. The students read the instructions, voluntarily agreed to participate, and completed the survey in a self-completion format. The results showed that the mean of psychological career barriers was 3.07, environmental career barriers was 2.80, faculty-student interaction was 3.92, and career decision level was 2.74. The factors that showed significant differences in career decision level were gender, department, major satisfaction, college life satisfaction, and major choice. Psychological barriers (r=-.652, p<.001) and environmental barriers (r=-.601, p<.001) were significantly negatively correlated, and faculty-student interaction (r=.220, p<.01) was significantly positively correlated. The influencing factors of career decision level were psychological career barriers (β=-.387, p<.001) and environmental career barriers (β=- .252, p=.002). The conclusion of this study is that in order to increase the career decision level of college students, it is necessary to provide systematic management through counseling management and programs where quality interaction between professors and students can occur.

In contemporary society, the growing emphasis on appearance as a key factor in shaping one's external image has become a criterion for evaluating individuals and plays a significant role in influencing interpersonal relationships.The quickest way to alter one's appearance is by changing one's Hair style. This not only reflects an individual's sense of beauty through the medium of hair but also conveys the cultural elements valued by the society to which the individual belongs.Since color serves as a catalyst in our lives and enables us to distinguish between objects, the images evoked by color can elicit various emotional responses in individuals. Therefore, we develop a functional color plan based on scientific research. Recently, as the demands for functionality, culture, and aesthetics have evolved beyond the mere application of color in various fields, there is an increasing need for objective and rational data regarding the effects of color. As the use of color has expanded across different domains, color planning has become more sophisticated, incorporating complex elements such as image association, symbolism, functionality, safety colors, and restricted colors.It has long been recognized as essential for all living organisms, including humans. Water possesses numerous physical properties, and its transparency gives rise to a phenomenon known as refraction. The refractive properties of water distort the shapes of objects viewed through it and alter the direction and appearance of light passing through. In this study, we aim to convey the visual and sensory experience of water through hair dyeing and hairstyling, drawing inspiration from its symbolism and material properties.

In this study, This thesis inquires into Gang Won Self-Government State, which faces increasing uncertainty of future industry in local community that can deal with domestic and international changes in surroundings, and declining current industries of mining, tourism, fishing, and agriculture. Besides, projects that were proposed as substitutes, such as Lego Land in Chun-Cheon, Fly Gangwon and etc., are aggravating the financial burden of the Gang Won State. Also, population structure of Gang Won State is changing rapidly into super-aging society, and this makes the future of Gang Won State uncertain as the momentum for community development weakens. The Analysis of Gangwon Area Survey for establishing the 5th community security plan conducted by Hyundai Research in December, 2021, upon request from Gang Won Province, showed that the first demand of local people was care(for senior citizens, the juvenile, the handicapped, and etc.) and the second was quality jobs(for the youth and the middle aged, female and the seniors). Therefore, this thesis suggests an alternative proposal that can settle those two needs. Care Relief Complex is the alternative plan this thesis proposes when the development of future industry that utilizes strengths of Gang Won State is urgent. So if this Care Relief Complex project succeed, it will cope with rapid increase in needs for care that will come in 10 years, and will enhance the level of happiness for people. It is expected that constructing Korean care model which will lead global industry of care will secure future industry for Korea.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, smartphone addiction among adolescents has been on the rise, but research on intervention programs for this issue is rare. The present study conducted a scoping review to identify the resent trends of various intervention methods for treating smartphone addiction among adolescents in South Korea over the past 10 years. The analysis was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, and a total of 15 studies were selected. The results showed that intervention research had been consistently conducted until 2019, but no such studies were found after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention programs were primarily group therapy and mostly targeted middle school students. The outcome variables assessed various aspects, including cognitive, emotional, social, and family dimensions of adolescents. We propose the urgent need for the development and research of interventions addressing adolescent smartphone addiction post-COVID-19.

This research aim to understand how to enhance the intercultural awareness for Korean EFL learners using middle school English language textbooks. English language textbooks can play key roles in building learners’ intercultural competence. For the purposes of this study, we analyzed 15 English textbooks currently used in Korea and reflect the country’s English education policy. We investigated the diversity of cultural backgrounds and topics, especially those related to the intercultural understanding activities represented in the reading texts and culture sections of each lesson. As a result, we found that Korea has tried to cultivate its learners’ cultural competence through introducing the diverse cultures in the world, but in the aspects of enhancing the intercultural understanding of Korean EFL learners, English language textbooks should be organized in the direction of diversifying intercultural communication activities that can compare and understand the differences between diverse cultures rather than just list the diverse cultural representations.

Recently, mental health issues among college students have been on the rise, a trend closely associated with the increase in non-face-to-face activities and SNS usage. This study utilized 2021 data from the Korea Media Panel to explore the effects of SNS usage time and behaviors on self-esteem and depression in a sample of 615 college students through path analysis. The findings confirmed that comparative and competitive behaviors on SNS significantly mediate the relationship between self-esteem and depression. This study is expected to enhance understanding of how SNS usage impacts college students' psychological well-being, promote healthier SNS practices, and offer insights into addressing psychological challenges.

Blended learning is a teaching-learning model that combines online and offline classes to enhance teaching quality and students’ learning abilities. It has been examined in a variety of educational fields and has proven to be effective. Under the assumption that such an outcome might be possible in linguistics subjects, this study investigates the effectiveness of blended learning in an English syntax class in which different sentence structures need to be decomposed with rule- or constraint-based theories and their grammaticality should be validated. Online classes conduce self-directed learning and individual learning plans, while offline classes head up question and answer, problem solving, and instructor’s comment on core learning points. Students’ concentration is also verified to be relatively dominant in offline classes. It increases the value of the teaching model by using ChatGPT which enforces the communication between learners and the instructor, resulting in improving the quality on the effect and interest in learning and teaching. Thanks to these advantages, the blended learning model is found to be more effective than traditional face-to-face learning in English syntax class. Therefore, it could be worthwhile to further develop the blended learning model as an effective teaching model for English syntax course that requires the examination of practical exemplifications for the applications of conditions or constraints to different sentence structures.

This study aims to extract elements from tea packaging design that influence consumer purchase intentions and to offer effective design guidelines. The method involves first understanding through user interviews which packaging elements impact consumers' choices when selecting tea, and then translating these elements into design components. These components were analyzed using factor analysis to categorize them into dimensions, and a structural equation model was used to explore how these dimensions influence consumer purchasing decisions. The study identifies and prioritizes design elements within each dimension to guide tea packaging design. Conclusion: User interviews yielded nineteen design elements in tea packaging, which were categorized into four dimensions: visual characteristics, functional characteristics, emotional characteristics, and value characteristics. The structural equation model revealed that all four dimensions significantly and positively influence consumer decision-making regarding tea selection. The priorities of each design element were further established, and based on these findings, relevant design strategies were proposed to assist designers in tea packaging design.

Recently, with the development of digital technology, virtual reality has had a great impact on human life. In particular, virtual reality has had a great impact on people’s self-recognition process. When we experience virtual worlds, interest in who I am and how my identity is formed is also increasing. Our aim is to clarify the process of individual identity formation in the virtual world through Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory. To this end, we studied the representative movie Matrix, which is a virtual reality theme. As a result of analyzing the self-recognition process through the main character Neo in The Matrix, we found that the virtual world is not only an extension of the real world, but also an important area for individuals to build and understand self-recognition. This shows that Lacan’s mirror stage theory works effectively in virtual environments. We expect to provide a new perspective on understanding the self-recognition process in the virtual world and provide a theoretical basis for exploring individual identity construction and self-recognition in the digital age.

The Beijing Palace Museum is a cultural heritage site. It is facing challenges and opportunities in the context of the experience economy. This study explores the multidimensional factors of visitor experience value and assesses visitors' overall satisfaction with the Beijing Palace Museum through quantitative and qualitative methods. The study focuses on five factors: personalized experience, interactive and cooperative experience, service facility experience, cultural and spiritual experience, and intelligent and innovative experience. The results show that although most visitors are satisfied with the overall experience of the Forbidden City, there is a gap between expectations and actual satisfaction on specific experience factors, such as content updates on the official website, staff services, and customer feedback. Based on this, the study proposes strategic recommendations to optimize the visitor experience to promote the management and innovative development of large cultural museums.

This study explores the design of robot characters in healing animations, focusing on the visual aspects in Wall-E, Big Hero 6, and The Wild Robot. By defining "healing" and its application in animation, the research reveals common design features of robot characters, such as anthropomorphic shapes, large eye designs, and soft color palettes. These elements collectively enhance the characters' approachability and emotional expression. The findings indicate that choosing robots as protagonists effectively conveys healing effects, meeting the audience's needs for emotional solace. Ultimately, this study provides new design insights for animators, aiming to create works that are both healing and commercially successful.

This is a descriptive correlational study that aimed to determine the status of activities of daily living, communicative ability, spirituality, and loneliness and to identify factors that influence loneliness among the elderly in Korea. The study population were older adults (65 years of age or older) living in one metropolitan city in South Korea, and 146 data collected using a structured questionnaire were used to analyze the results. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN/PC 26.0 statistical program. In the results of this study, activities of daily living, communicative ability, spirituality, and loneliness were all found to be significantly correlated (p<.05). In addition, the final multiple regression analysis confirmed that loneliness in the elderly is significantly negatively affected by lower levels of spirituality (β=-.44), lower communicative ability (β=-.29), and being male (β=-.20), in this order. Therefore, strategies to increase spirituality and communicative ability should be developed to reduce loneliness among the elderly in South Korea, and supportive approaches should be strengthened to reduce loneliness among men.

This thesis explores the practical meaning of a performer’s ‘inner readiness’ in reconsidering and articulating the nature of acting which underlies a performer’s preparatory process by means of his/her preparation to be on stage. To begin with, experiencing and inhabiting a performer’s inner vitality reminds us of the perception that obtaining active bodily awareness resonates sincerely listening and encountering his/her body through the moment. Consequently, the process in turn facilitates and empowers the performer’s body as to being present as an articulated integration. In contrast to such mimetic or representational acting and/or state centered on the performer’s intellectualization, it is in a state of psychophysical integration or that of balance initiated from his/her invisible dimensions. As the performer’s body is transformed or cultivated as oneness, the whole unity is defined and perceived as maintaining a sharpened sense which in turn leads the performer’s body towards a dynamic relationship, that is, being affected by someone/something concurrently responsive to others (someone/something) in the given circumstances. Here, we argue that in terms of the nature of acting, an appropriate psychophysical order or that of the balance should be taking place as the central value of whatever performer training since the key principles of acting with the demands of theatre highlights and requires both a performer’s receptive and responsive to everything on stage. Also, the research findings show that those theatre practitioners’ and/or directors’ concepts and approaches including Rosenfeld, Zarrilli, Dennis, and Cohen discussed through this thesis indicate not only the significance of exploring and utilizing self-realization but also the performer’s inner rhythm, the invisible, as a way to be fully participated in the moment. In addition, the qualitative bodily transformation from the invisible to visible allows the performer’s body to open new possibilities towards a state of sincerity or liveness on stage. Here, this thesis argues that a specific mode of empathy between a doer and the spectator is dependent on maintaining connection with the nature of acting/performer training, a dialogue of response and change.

The Web has unique characteristics that distinguish it from products or software, so it is necessary to expand the concept of usability to include not only cognitive convenience but also emotional aspects and culture. Unlike software created with a clear intention by a single author or group, the Web is created by various authors with various purposes, so it requires various interactions between users and the system. Compared to existing software with few changes for system maintenance and updates, the Web is a dynamic system that continuously grows and changes. Unlike the relatively homogeneous and limited user group of software, the Web is used by users with various backgrounds and levels, making it difficult to provide unified training or control for the system. Since usability on the Web depends on how accurately and quickly users can access the information they want and how much aesthetic satisfaction and enjoyment they can provide, usability evaluations should be conducted in a different way from traditional software. Due to the diverse and constantly changing characteristics of the web from the basic environment to the end user, it is not desirable to apply software development principles and processes to the development of websites. Unlike the software environment, the Web does not have a defined user base, and unlike software, the tasks performed by users do not have a starting, middle, and ending stage, and they behave differently depending on their preferences. In this paper, we aim to provide an overview of web standardization in dynamic web environments.

Successful website construction and operation begins with understanding users, and to this end, userparticipatory system evaluation from the user's perspective, not the developer's perspective, should be prioritized during the website construction and operation process. In order to improve the usability of the website, it is necessary to establish a foundation for continuous user testing and consistent system evaluation methods and procedures. Usability evaluation should be conducted throughout the entire system development process to achieve the most appropriate evaluation. If the obstacles revealed through usability evaluation are systematically analyzed and reflected in improving web services, there is an advantage in that the website can be designed according to the user's level and the website can be operated according to the user's perspective. Usability evaluation should be recognized as a process, not a result in itself. Therefore, usability evaluation should be conducted at the prototype or pilot test stage rather than as a procedure to verify errors after the completion of website development, so that it can be effectively utilized for actual website improvement and user satisfaction enhancement. In order to conduct empirical usability evaluation, it is necessary to comply with web standards so that it can be accessed by all web browsers. In addition, development that considers web accessibility should be conducted first so that all users can access it. If empirical evaluation including subjective satisfaction evaluation of users, mechanical evaluation using usability evaluation tools, and heuristic evaluation in which experts evaluate based on checklists are conducted in combination, the empirical evaluation procedure or time can be shortened. The expected effects of usability evaluation are as follows. If the obstacles revealed in the usability test results are systematically analyzed and reflected in the improvement of web services, there is an advantage in that the website can be designed to match the user's eye level and the website can be operated according to the user's perspective. Since users can easily use the website without obstacles or errors, it can induce continuous revisiting. By actively placing services that match the user's interests on the user's main movement path, interest and curiosity in the service can be drawn.

With growing social attention on socially withdrawn youth and the announcement of support measures by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in South Korea, efforts are underway to identify socially isolated individuals and implement various policies. The government aims to achieve psychological revitalization, social reintegration, and ultimately, social inclusion. For social adaptation, it is essential for socially withdrawn youth to regain vitality, develop a willingness to re-enter society, and first experience physical and mental recovery. This study aims to validate a support plan for developing a mobile application that allows individuals to begin healing their bodies and minds in their own spaces, addressing the primary challenges faced by this group. These challenges include neglect and violence from society and family, loss of self-esteem, the futility of a monotonous life, negative thoughts, binge eating, addiction to games and the internet, brain dysfunction from excessive sleep used as an escape, feelings of deprivation, isolation, shame, and anxiety. The app, designed to foster the ability to objectively observe one’s inner state and recognize emotional conditions based on the fundamental principles of mindfulness, is introduced. The application adheres closely to the principles of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) while being developed to engage socially withdrawn youth without resistance. By presenting cases where app use improved depressive symptoms among young adults in their twenties, the study suggests the potential of contributing to psychological stability and mental health improvement among marginalized populations. If the effectiveness is continually demonstrated through future research, the approach may be further developed into a policy initiative for social reintegration not only of socially withdrawn youth but also other marginalized groups.

Artistic creation is a cognitive endeavor, with primitive art embodying early human thought and forming the foundation of folk art. Chinese folk art, particularly paper-cutting, preserves primitive art's essence due to cultural originality and regional distinctiveness. This paper examines how primitive thinking shapes Chinese folk paper-cutting. The "direct image" aspect of primitive thinking enables transcendent imagery, inspired by nature and employing techniques like transparent perspective and decorative symbolism. The "interosmotic" characteristic fosters creative overlap in designs, seen in composite shapes like the "Chickenhead Fish," and imbues works with anthropomorphic traits. The belief that "all things have spirituality" integrates themes of worship and totemic symbolism, such as the "Tree of Life" and dragon patterns, reflecting cosmic harmony. Additionally, the yin-yang-inspired "binary opposites" principle creates balance and dynamism through contrasting techniques like "yin shear" and "yang shear." Lastly, "group consciousness" is evident in recurring cultural motifs like suns and fish, symbolizing collective memory while enabling creative variation. Primitive thinking reveals the vitality and cultural depth of Chinese folk paper-cutting.

This study investigates the impact of vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) on vocabulary acquisition among Korean EFL learners. We collected data from 35 Korean university students. The results indicate that learners employ a variety of vocabulary learning strategies, with a preference for online dictionaries, guessing from context, and repetition techniques. Even though students are increasingly using technology-based learning methods, traditional methods remain popular. We also analyzed the effectiveness of strategies used for discovering and consolidating word meanings. Students rated online dictionary use, verbal repetition, and vocabulary notebooks as the most helpful strategies. Notably, learning strategies involving media such as videos and songs were particularly popular among students, aligning with their digital-native characteristics. This study looks at how Korean English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students use vocabulary learning strategies and how well those strategies work. It has practical implications for creating effective vocabulary teaching methods. Future studies should examine the differences in strategy use based on learners’ proficiency levels and investigate the long-term effects on vocabulary acquisition.

With the advancement of AI technology, digital signage has improved interaction with users, which has improved advertising effectiveness and user experience. AI-based interactive digital signage is a system that provides information and advertisements electronically. It has recently evolved further with the introduction of AI technology, and is improving the efficiency of marketing and information delivery by analyzing user behavior and providing customized experiences. In this paper, the touch interface of digital signage, switching of multimedia content, high visual utility, interactivity, readability at a distance, geographic and temporal flexibility, efficiency of information delivery, customized experience, and efficient content management are based on the main characteristics of the interface. A standard model for design was established. This study analyzed the main features and various effects of AI-based interactive digital signage, and the interface design standard model for digital signage proposed five standards to optimize user experience and effectively deliver messages. Ultimately, the purpose of this study is not only to efficiently transmit media content based on the interface standard model, but also to optimize the interface design to provide real-time information for users, information of interest, emergency disaster information, etc. quickly and accurately, communicate with citizens, and create a beautiful city street environment. It is used as a platform to create.

In the process of urbanization, the landscapes of urban villages in the Jiangnan region of China face phenomena such as homogenization, superficialization, and hollowing-out, leading to a collective sense of nostalgia for the past. A series of social issues has raised higher demands on the study of design disciplines. This paper focuses on the cultural landscape design of contemporary urban villages in Jiangnan, aiming to reconstruct a landscape context based on cultural memory, in order to transform the widespread sense of nostalgia into a cultural driving force that promotes sustainable development in modern villages and towns, thus addressing the balance between village preservation and rural development, which has profound significance. From the perspective of cultural memory theory, this study draws on research from various disciplines such as folklore, landscape design, and semiotics to examine urban villages. It seeks to explore the problems and cultural significance of the landscape in Jiangnan's urban villages, incorporating these findings into the design of urban village landscapes, with the goal of addressing issues while also contributing to the protection, inheritance, and continuation of the cultural landscape of villages and towns in Jiangnan.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between kindergarten teachers’ math-teaching anxiety (MA), constructivist educational belief (CEB), and perception of mathematics education (PME). Specifically, the moderating effects of CEB on the relationship between MA and PME were examined. The research subjects were 140 kindergarten teachers in South Korea. Self-reporting survey questionnaires were used to measure the major variables. The descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis were conducted. Data were analyzed for the mediating effect between variables using PROCESS Macro methods. As a result, CEB was found to moderate the relationship between MA and PME. Moreover, the negative association between kindergarten teachers’ MA and PME weakened as CEB strengthened.

This study was conducted to identify the research trends and key concepts of fertility-related research published in Korea. For the analysis of this study, target papers published from 2014 to 2023 were collected by entering the keywords of ‘infertility’ or ‘Sterility’. 155 papers were analyzed. The co-occurrence network of key words was developed and analyzed, and the research trends were examined through topic modeling of the LSD, and visualized word cloud and sociogram were used. The most common key words across the 155 research studies were infertility, infertile women, assisted reproductive technology, women, and depression. Highly connected keywords were the same as the top 5 most frequent keywords, and highly mediated keywords were fertility, infertile women, assisted reproductive technology, bioethics, and low birthrate. The four topics analyzed were identified as ‘infertile women's experiences and care,’ ‘psychological problems of infertile women,’ ‘Korean medicine approaches to infertility,’ and ‘low fertility and fertility procedures’. Based on the results of this study has identified themes and trends in infertility research over the past decade and suggests that future research should focus on intervention studies and policy development for psychological issues related to infertility.

Purpose: Previous studies on the management and improvement of public art have lacked specific proposals on how to approach color management in public art, indicating an essential gap in understanding this aspect. Moreover, advancing public art requires interdisciplinary research integrating color science. Therefore, this study aims to propose strategies for improving the color management process in public art, focusing on the color management of sculptures as public artworks. Methods: I would like to investigate the Seoul Metropolitan Government's public art installation and management process and establish a sculpture color management process by identifying the current status and problems of color management at each stage. Results: Findings of the study are as follows: The existing Seoul public art color management process lacks the color recording process and the objective color measurement stage of the work. In addition, there is a limit to reproducing the original color because the paint and restoration materials used in the work are not recorded. The improvements are as follows. In the color planning stage, a paint record for the production of the work and a material record for the preservation of the work were proposed. In the color evaluation stage, the color evaluation and the suitability evaluation criteria of the paint were presented. During the production and installation stage, it was possible to accurately compare the color of the original work with the color of the damaged work. In the maintenance and management stage, a color restoration plan can be established based on the measurement results of color change. Implications: Color restoration can be performed based on a scale that can be compared with the original color. Therefore, artists, art work deliberation committees, managers, and restoration experts need to understand sculpture color management at the entire stage of the sculpture color management process as public art, and color experts need to deliberate on art works that can evaluate the color of the work. In addition, each stage and format should be utilized in connection with each other.

In Consciousness Explained, Daniel Dennett argued that consciousness is a phenomenon emerging from the complex flow of information in the brain, and to understand it, an objective approach is necessary. While AI is increasingly mimicking human functions, it is difficult to say that AI possesses consciousness similar to humans. However, consciousness is an essential factor for perception, but perception does not necessarily require consciousness. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how similar the way AI, particularly the DALL-E model developed by OpenAI, processes visual information is to the structure of human perception. In the study, new images were generated using the GPT-4 DALL-E model based on five sets of reference images, and the structural similarity between the generated images and the reference images was analyzed using SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measure). The SSIM scores of the images generated by DALL-E based on the reference images ranged between 0.131 and 0.63. This confirmed that AI learned some degree of the visual patterns from the reference images. However, AI did not generate images that perfectly aligned with human perception, and images that contained complex shapes or fine textures recorded lower SSIM scores. Notably, the AI showed limitations in depicting human portraits, suggesting that AI’s perception system is simplified compared to the complexity of human perception structures. This study demonstrated that while the DALL-E model has potential in processing visual information, there remains a clear difference from the complex human perception system. These results suggest that AI still has limitations in mimicking the way humans process visual information, indicating a need for further in-depth research into the independent characteristics of AI perception in the future

Modern individuals participate in recreational sports despite the lack of economic benefits, as well as the economic costs, time consumption, and physical exertion involved. The reason for this is that they seek to experience positive emotions, such as enjoyment, and obtain life satisfaction through these activities. Such participation can serve as a motivating factor that drives human behavior in the context of leisure activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of factors restricting participation in marine leisure sports on leisure attitudes and fun factors. In order to achieve this research purpose, the research subjects were set as the population targeting adult men and women aged 20 or older who participate in marine leisure sports in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeonnam in 2023, and cluster random sampling was used to select 276 men and 124 women, a total of 400 people, as research subjects. Data processing was performed using the statistical program SPSS 22.0 version to perform statistical processing according to the purpose of analysis. The results obtained through this research process are as follows. First, factors restricting participation in marine leisure sports were found to partially affect leisure attitudes. Second, factors restricting participation in marine leisure sports were found to partially affect fun factors. Third, leisure attitudes of marine leisure sports participants were found to partially affect fun factors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in competitive state anxiety and state confidence depending on the optimism of Korea national youth badminton team players. Optimism, competitive state anxiety and state confidence are known to be closely related to sports performance, so analyzing the relationship between these three variables can be considered a meaningful task. Accordingly, this study divided 95 Korean youth badminton national team members into high and low optimism groups and examined the differences in their competitive state anxiety and state confidence. As a result of data analysis, it was found that there were differences in cognitive and physical competitive state anxiety and state confidence depending on the level of optimism. In other words, players with higher optimism have lower cognitive and physical competitive state anxiety and higher state confidence

Exploring the digital expression and dissemination of traditional art patterns through artificial intelligence digital technology promotes the creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture.This paper investigates the digital expression and dissemination of traditional art patterns via artificial intelligence (AI), aiming at the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture. It examines traditional art pattern design methods through the lens of AI, proposing a smart innovative design framework that embodies traditional characteristics. The study explores dataset construction, intelligent generation, and human-computer interaction design processes, comparing traditional and modern mechanisms of art pattern expression and transmission. By reflecting on technological innovation in collecting and applying traditional decorative patterns, this research enhances user engagement and participation. The findings provide a reference for preserving China's rich artistic cultural resources and for advancing the digital cultural creative industries.

We conducted an intervention time series analysis to examine the impact of democratization on human rights, military deaths, and suicides in the Republic of Korea (ROK) military. Our findings indicate that while the maturation of democracy significantly reduced military deaths and improved human rights, it had no substantial effect on military suicides. This study fills a gap in the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on how democratic transitions influence military outcomes over a 44-year period. By analyzing data from 1973 to 2016, we demonstrate the role of democratization movements and presidential elections in shaping military practices and policies related to human rights and soldier welfare.