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The purpose of this study is to examine the disaster management system of local governments by diagnosing the current status of disaster management experts in Korea, deriving problems and improvement measures, and looking at local governments' total labor cost system. The status and status of disaster management personnel were compared and analyzed to find ways to improve the local government's disaster management response system under the Framework Act on Disaster and Safety Management in Korea. Considering Korea's reality, because national security and disaster management exist together, we devised a plan to improve on-site response capabilities and seek solutions by deriving the problems of the currently operating security and safety-related organizations.

Grit or perseverance as a factor for student success and life has gained increasing attention. Statistical methods have been the norm in analyzing various aspects of grit, but they do not address the transient and dynamic behavior well. We, for the first time, developed two linear dynamical models that specifically address the feedback structure of a child’s desire to achieve a high grade point average (GPA) and the necessary effort that will increase stress between parents and a child. We call the dynamical model as GSES (Goal, Status, Effort & Stress). The two dynamical models incorporate the positive (i.e., achieving a high GPA) and the negative sides (i.e., effort and elevated stress and thus unhappiness) for being gritty or perseverant. Different types of parenting style and a child’s characteristics were simulated whether parents and a child are empathetic or stubborn to their expectations and stress (i.e., willing or unwilling to change). Simulations show that when both parents and a child are empathetic to each other’s expectation and stress, the most stable situations with minimal stress and effort occur. When a stubborn parent’s and a stubborn child were studied together, this resulted in the highest elevation of stress and effort. Stubborn parents and a complying or empathetic child resulted in considerably high stress to a child. Interference from parents may unexpectedly result in a situation in which a child’s stress is seriously elevated. The GSES model shows the U-shaped happiness curve (i.e., reciprocal of stress) caused by the increasing and then decreasing goal

This study is an example of a class of bibliotherapy through Lee Chung-joon's novel Snowy Road. Bibliotherapy proceeds through the process of identification, catharsis, output, insight, and application through reading. Through research, students objectively examine the situation of the character in the novel and compare it with their own situation. Students evaluate the situation of the character in the novel, experience the various life positions of the character in the novel by answering "What would you do if I were a character in the novel," and express their willingness to live differently from their lives. At the same time, I look into my relationship with my parents and seriously think about whether there is a problem and how to solve it if there is one. Through this process, students specifically suggest ways to think about and solve their emotions and problems. In the end, students' hurt feelings can be partially or sufficiently healed through reading. Through this study, it is expected that the method of bibliotherapy will be more concrete and develop in a positive direction.

This study aims to derive discourse's linguistic meaning, production method, and social practice implications by analyzing news reports on de-facility for people with disabilities. To this end, the discourse was analyzed by applying Fairclough's framework of critical discourse analysis. The subject of analysis is a news article on the de-facility of the disabled on the N portal site, and the analysis period is one year, from January 1 to December 31, 2022. First, as a result of the study, the surface meaning of the news discourse on the de-facility for disabled people was ideological through the seriousness of the problem for disabled people, the poor environment, and the policy of de-facility for disabled people separated from reality. Second, the social meaning of the de-facility news discourse for disabled people appeared from a realistic perspective, such as the structural cause of the problem for disabled people and the need for sensible government policies and measures to practice de-facility for disabled people. Finally, the socio-cultural practical implications of the de-facility news discourse for people with disabilities proposed the development of a systematic and realistic de-facility management manual for the disabled, practical government policy support, and changes in self-support perception for disabled people. The results of this study are expected to help find an alternative direction to reduce the gap between actual policies for de-facility for disabled people and practice in the field in the future.

To enhance safety in dangerous situations, it is essential to provide practice-oriented safety education. However, direct experiences can be limited, and thus, metaverse-based safety education is emerging as an alternative. In this study, we analyzed the first official metaverse safety education program of the Korea Ministry of Education, mainly focusing on its title, objectives, content, and results using the Revised PRISMA framework. The program concentrates on "life safety" for "fire safety," "disaster safety" for "earthquake safety," and "first aid" for "abrasions, burns, fractures, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the use of AED." We classified the objectives of the entire program and its three sub-programs, and identified the knowledge, main practice tasks, and their results. The aim of this study is to promote an understanding of the main cases of national-led metaverse safety education and infer the practical safety education contents emphasized to Korean school-age students.

This study aims to analyze research trends related to the exhaustion of hotel employees and social workers and present the tasks and directions of future exhaustion research for hotel employees and social workers. To this end, 423 candidates for registration and registration of the Korea Research Foundation from 2012 to 2022 and master's and doctoral dissertations (178 papers) were analyzed according to the research period, research topics, research subjects, and research methods. As a result, from 29 papers in 2012, 49 studies were published in 2013, and 53 studies in 2020, indicating that they are gradually rising. Second, job burnout was the highest among hotel employees and social workers, followed by interpersonal relationships, practice, career, techno, safety accidents, and job burnout. Third, hotel employees and social workers were the highest among the subjects related to the exhaustion of hotel employees and social workers, followed by hotel employees and social workers. Fourth, quantitative research was conducted the most as a method for the exhaustion of hotel employees and social workers, and qualitative research was conducted a lot. According to these research results the study suggests that it is necessary to rediscover the meaning of research on burnout of hotel employees and social workers, which directly affects hotel employees and social workers, and to find ways for hotel employees and social workers to feel less burnout.

I proposed the architectural guideline for educational environment based on design thinking approach to integrate and enhance learners' activities and achievements. The physical environment of design education learning space should be applied by teaching methods and learning activities, especially for STEAM-based convergent education, the architectural space conditions should support the design process based on design thinking. The learning environment conditions influence design education with physical design factors and learners' communication, and the flexible environment based on design thinking, which is crucial for design education. The 3 steps of design thinking experiences also allow students to learn the context of ideas, skills and outcomes. Therefore, I argued that the learning surrounding based on design thinking needs flexible and mobile, connected, integrated, organized, and team-focused environments to support learners' understanding, participation, and collaboration, and to achieve the design process based on research findings. For spaces for convergent learning environments based on design thinking, common design principles should be reviewed, such as coexistence with technology, safety and security, transparency and spatial extension, multi-purpose space and outdoor learning.

This paper discusses the technical exploration of Ang Lee's cinematic works and the unique visual beauty he presents. Ang Lee has successfully tackled various themes and genres, creating films that harmoniously blend Eastern and Western cultural sensibilities. These films are technologically innovative and show the interaction between technology and art, industry and culture. Therefore, this paper analyses the correlation between film technology and visual beauty in Ang Lee's works, and explores the discourse on how the relationship between film technology and art has changed with the development of film. Furthermore, this paper aims to provide insights into how technological innovation can enhance artistic creativity. The contribution of this study lies in the in-depth exploration of the relationship between film technology and art, with a focus on technological innovation and the visual beauty in Ang Lee's works. The research findings reveal that Ang Lee's films showcase the application of advanced technologies, captivating audiences with their unique visual aesthetics. The utilization of emerging technologies enables his films to possess not only visual impact but also convey profound emotions and themes. We conclude that technological innovation in film not only provides artists with more creative tools and expressive techniques but also, when combined with artistic sensibilities, creates captivating and visually expressive cinematic works. This discovery offers a new perspective for film production and opens up greater possibilities for collaboration between artists and technology experts.

We conducted a survey related to study methods to identify the factors that have an influence on the academic achievement of university students and analyzed the results of this survey for correlation with students' GPA, which represents academic achievement. Test preparation and effective study habits were found to be the most important factors in overall student achievement. However, when divided by grade, maintaining health and satisfaction with school life are the most important factors for sophomores. Rather, in grades 3 and 4, time spent maintaining health is negatively reflected in improving academic achievement. Divided into gender, male students review or daily academic effort is an important factor in academic achievement, but in the case of female students, there is no difference in relative academic achievement because the amount of review and academic effort are small. For students who have experienced military service, review and test preparation are important to academic achievement, but for students who have not experienced military service, review has no effect on relative academic achievement.

As tension escalates between the US and China, scenarios for maintaining peace in Northeast Asia imply that secondary powers will perceive increasing incentives to reappraise their respective international roles. This analysis proposes that an analysis of France’s Cold War role in Europe and the world under President Charles de Gaulle provides insights into conflict management in an increasingly multipolar international political environment. Their respective interests in preventing a so-called new Cold War emerging between the US and China include avoiding its excessive economic costs, if only because China is a massive trade partner. This study engages in theoretical framework-informed process tracing of de Gaulle’s role. It explicates the assumptions that functionally underpinned de Gaulle’s policy of soft balancing between the US and China. The analysis explores de Gaulle’s contribution to the decay of the Cold War. It illuminates de Gaulle’s contribution to a regional international environment that made West German Chancellor Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik strategy more feasible politically. This study applies these findings in the formulation of strategy recommendations focusing on Japan. Valid inferences regarding the predominant motivations driving American and Chinese international interaction are necessary for this task. To the extent to which the US and China have entered into a conflict spiral, Japan’s hedging towards Washington is further incentivized. Tokyo would necessarily need to convince the Chinese that Japan is no longer Washington’s unsinkable aircraft carrier off its coast. Tokyo, like de Gaulle’s France, would maintain close relations with Washington, but it would need to project to its interlocutors its commitment to its own strategic autonomy. Tokyo’s emphasis on closer relations with liberal democratic Indo-Pacific actors would potentially fit well with a commitment to strategic autonomy to defend the global liberal order.

Menstrual cycle irregularity reflects the reproductive health of women of childbearing age, but studies are scant on women in communities. In this study, we identified factors associated with menstrual cycle irregularity among 884 community women of childbearing age (19–40 years) and confirmed the relationship between menstrual cycle irregularity and depressive symptoms. Data were collected through online or mobile platforms. We noted that 25% of participants had menstrual cycle irregularity. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age, irregular eating, and depressive symptoms were associated with menstrual cycle irregularity. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants with depressive symptoms were at a slightly higher risk of menstrual cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.078, confidence interval = 1.021–1.139). Additional support be provided for community-living women of childbearing age with depressive symptoms, to improve their reproductive health

With the acceleration of globalization and economic integration, multinational enterprises are becoming more and more important in the international market, and Sinar Mas Group, one of the largest integrated companies in Indonesia, has become one of the most influential overseas Chinese companies in Indonesia due to its outstanding performance and leadership position. This study aims to analyze the success factors of Sinar Mas Group and reveal its competitive advantages in the global market. Founded in 1962, Sinar Mas Group is an integrated multinational company headquartered in Indonesia, with significant presence in various fields such as paper, palm oil, real estate, finance and energy, with operations in Indonesia and many other countries and regions around the world. This study investigates the aspects of corporate history, corporate status, and corporate competitiveness. In addition, this study analyzes the reasons for Sinar Mas Group's success using the SWOT model. By comprehensively analyzing these key factors, this paper provides readers with an insight into the vitality and remarkable achievements of this Indonesian corporate giant in the global market. This study will help Korea enter Indonesia and contribute to Indonesian business research.

OVO is a digital platform that provides simple payments and smart financial services, as well as one of the largest digital payment platforms in Indonesia. It has wide coverage and security when making payments, and supports multiple settlement currencies. The purpose of this study is to explore the history, business model, and future strategic direction of OVO, an Indonesian e-wallet. To date, OVO has built its own mobile payment ecosystem covering a wide range of consumer scenarios including e-commerce, travel, offline shopping and finance. And it supports mobile banking, online banking, debit cards or selected partner merchants. Its three largest transaction categories are in the transportation, retail and e-commerce sectors. With over 110 million consumers and 1.3 million merchant users, it is one of the dominant e-wallets in Indonesian market and has become the country's e-payment market leader. OVO eWallet's ‘One Card’ model offers convenience and choice for users, thus contributing to the rapid growth of OVO eWallet. And OVO eWallet competes fiercely with other competitors, but OVO eWallet continues to grow in terms of the number of users and market share. Finally, this study analyzes the strategic goals and plans of OVO eWallet, predicts its future direction. OVO eWallet has a huge success, but there are still competition and challenges to face.

The purpose of this study was to understand the vivid realities of important technical and relational aspects of visual art that were emphasised during training by art therapy supervisors and educators. Max van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was incorporated into the study. Summarising their main experiences, art therapy supervisors enabled experiences of reproducibility and immediacy in their supervision, and allowed visual art to be used as a tool to foster inner contact with their supervisees. To enable this experience, art therapy supervisors provided a creative foundation and a receptive environment that promoted creativity for supervisees to use and experience art beyond the role of passive viewers. The results of this research clarified how the participating supervisors interpreted the value of art therapy as a method to nurture the professional growth of trainees. Their contributions suggest experiences and methods that may effectuate future advancements in the field of art therapy supervision.

The purpose of this study is to verify the research model and identify the causal relationship among leader’s super leadership, self-leadership, psychological empowerment, sport commitment and performance perceived by Taekwondo athletes. The subjects of the study were middle and high school Taekwondo athletes registered in the Korea Taekwondo Association in 2020 and 2021, and data from 454 people were used as final effective samples through convenience sampling. The collected data used the SPSS 23.0 version and the Amos 21.0 version to verify the hypothesis. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. First, we discovered that the leader's super leadership had a positive impact on the athlete's self-leadership, psychological empowerment, and sport commitment. Second, we found that the athlete's self-leadership had a positive effect on psychological empowerment, sport commitment, and performance. Third, we found that athlete’s psychological empowerment had a positive effect on sport commitment and performance. Fourth, we found that the athlete's sport commitment had a negative effect on performance. Therefore, this study has reminded us about importance of psychological empowerment and sport commitment for explaining the relationship between leadership type and performance perceived by Taekwondo athletes, and might contribute to the theoretical discussion of variables related to athletes' performance.

Modern people live a life connected with the real world and the virtual world by relying on the new media of enterprises and social consumption led by innovative technologies. In this environment, virtual influencers actively communicate with consumers and build relationships through social media, which is a new marketing tool that has attracted widespread attention. From a business perspective, it is necessary to have a solid understanding of this phenomenon, and then explore communication strategies to effectively develop virtual influencers. To investigate followers' preference for virtual influencers, this study employs the Q-method, which studies human subjective attributes, an empirical research effort to uncover complex issues in human subjectivity. To determine the factors that trigger people's voluntary and active practice and the preference degree of virtual influencers, the Q method is implemented to examine human subjectivity, thoughts and attitudes. According to the results of this study, virtual influencers are a new group of idols full of vitality. The interviews found that there are still many virtual influencers who do not know about followers, but each type can be clearly understood through the intuitive understanding of the interviewees. Divided out, type 1 one ego-ideal virtual influencers aim to represent an idealized version of the creator or target audience. Embodies ideal physical characteristics, personality or lifestyle desired by the audience. Type 2 is charismatic and attractive, and has the characteristics of most virtual influencers. It is suggested that it can be developed into a potential type, doing brand cooperation, and content production on social media platforms. Type 3: Game animation, derived from the image of characters in games or comics, with stylized features and energetic personalities, which can be integrated into games or entertainment experiences. Type 4 development potential type is the most successful type among virtual imagers, and it is also the purpose of marketing virtual influencers. It is essential that brand endorsement on social media platforms, integrated marketing, and driving advertising traffic. It is recommended to improve production technology to reduce investment costs.

With the diversified development of modern art, the application of mixed media in painting has become increasingly prominent, which not only provides artistic creators with new creative ideas, but also magnifies the creators' emotions and re endows the media with meaning and value. This paper systematically introduces the definition, features and connotation of mixed media painting, and expounds three aspects of the aesthetic function of multimedia in oil painting creation, the embodiment of painting individuality, and the combination and application of materials and technique to demonstrate that mixed media presents different understanding and expression in Chinese oil painting, no longer constrained by traditional oil painting materials, which promotes more development possibilities of the art expression form of Chinese oil painting, enhances its international influence, and bring new vitality to the creation and development of Chinese oil painting.

In quantum mechanics, uncertainty refers to the uncertainty of a measurement physical quantity, because some mechanical quantity can only be in its eigenstate under certain conditions, and the values shown are discrete.The exact value can only be obtained by measuring it in the eigenstate of this mechanical quantity.Uncertainty is like a double-edged sword, which has both advantages and disadvantages in art itself and in the process of artistic creation. In this study, it is divided into three main parts. First, the existence of uncertainties in contemporary art is sorted out in two broad parts, the definition of the uncertainties in art and the specific expression in contemporary art, respectively, with examples from four aspects of psychological impact, accidental presentation effect, expression form and connection with the viewer. The purpose is to understand how uncertainties are expressed in the process of artistic creation. Second, the role of the uncertainties in artistic creation is analyzed through examples, and then it is proposed that artists should use uncertainties to serve art with a scientific and rational attitude. Thirdly, the application of uncertainties in my creative practice and their influences on my painting creation. In summary, every artistic creator should take art seriously and sincerely. The relationship among the creative subject, society and life is an eternal and continuous interaction, and art is a carrier of reflection. For the problems brought by uncertainties in artistic creation, from choosing new certainty by thinking to the emergence of uncertainties, such a cycle is the process of art sublimating from life and being closely related to life.

The Chinese calligraphy art, which still adheres to tradition, has fallen into the formalism deeper and deeper. The majority of studies on calligraphy still focus on the formal beauty and neglect the core spirit hidden behind the calligraphy art. The calligraphy art is an art defined by words. This definition is not only reflected in the form of the characters but also, and more importantly, in the meaning of the characters. It is not a form of writing, but a writing of lives, wills and feelings, a writing of the experience of daily life, and an improvised poetic writing. With the advent of the age of artificial intelligence, the Chinese traditional calligraphy art, which still adheres to the "supremacy of the brush and ink", has shown a sense of dystopia, and its end is inevitable. Only by truly understanding the core of the calligraphy art, by integrating it with contemporary daily life, and by focusing on the communication of ideas in calligraphy, will it be possible to obtain a new life.

There are unimaginable possibilities ahead of us. As a result, it is difficult to predict the future, but the prediction itself is not meaningless. This is because it can have the flexibility to cope with contingencies by predicting various possibilities. This study was conducted to explore extreme events (X-event) in the Korean population sector. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts from the Korea Army Research Center for Future & Innovation and the Army College, and based on this, significant research results were derived that population problems such as population decline and aging can affect various fields such as economy. With this study, we hope that discussions on extreme events (X-event) that can occur in our society will be further activated.

An X-event is an event that is difficult to predict and unlikely to occur, but if it occurs, it has a very large ripple effect, such as loss of life, property, territory, and emotional turmoil. Extreme events are unlikely to occur, but they can happen someday, and if they do, they have a great impact on society as a whole, so they must be prepared to minimize the impact and impact. For this purpose, we collected opinions from low-level experts at the Korea Army Research Center for Future & Innovation and the Army College on extreme events that can trigger the near future (10 years) in the field of high-tech science and technology, which is currently developing rapidly after the 4th Industrial Revolution. The researchers intend to synthesize and analyze this data to derive implications and provide a response direction to alleviate the ultra-uncertainty of extreme events and provide a cornerstone for crisis management strategies for the occurrence of serial and simultaneous extreme events.

The future is complex and unpredictable. In particular, it is unlikely to occur, but once it occurs, no one knows how it will affect our society if X-event, which has a tremendous impact, is created. This study was conducted only in the climate field to offset the ripple effect of this X-event, and was conducted through in-depth interviews with experts from the Korea Army Research Center for Future & Innovation and the Army College. As a result, it was possible to explore what factors would trigger X-event from their discourse and what X-event would be newly created by spreading them to other fields. Starting with this study, if we accumulate the discourse of experts in various fields such as population, science and technology, as well as climate, and other fields other than the Army, we can predict X-event and offset the threats that may arise.

This study attempted to identify the ethical principles of nurses who realized care in the war field with a nurse's unique professional spirit, and to explore a more specialized and subdivided concept of ethical nursing in the future. War has occurred frequently in history, and the outcome has always been tragic. There are always different opinions about what it means to discuss the ethics of these wars. Despite these controversies, the ethics of nursing, which always takes care of the sick at the scene of war, is interpreted regardless of war. The ethical spirit of nursing is to respect life and take care of those who need help. Whether the person asking for help is a soldier or a civilian, it doesn't matter where it is or what the purpose of the war is. Nursing practiced nursing based on the principle of bioethics for all, even in war scenes where there was no ethical reference point. This study explains that it is necessary to inherit the spirit of nursing, which practiced ethical care even in such cruel scenes of the past, and to protect the ethical fundamental spirit of nursing even in the changing environment in the future society.

We analyzed and compared factors such as changes in the degree of difficulty of concepts presented in Chemistry I textbook, changes in class types (non-face-to-face, face-to-face), etc. on academic achievement by level (upper, middle, and lower). Students from A high school in Gyeongsangnam-do were selected for the subjects of the study. As a result of analyzing the change in the degree of difficulty of concepts, the total score of chemistry I combined by non-face-to-face and face-to-face classes during the second semester was lower than that of the first semester. As a result of analyzing the impact of factors such as changes in conceptual difficulty, changes in class types, etc. on academic achievement by level, students' grades at the ‘lower level’ by non-face-to-face classes were lower than those by face-to-face classes. In particular, at the lower level of the second semester, there was a large difference in grades between non-face-to-face and face-to-face classes. In the results of these studies, it was found that instructors' active feedback is important to identify difficulties in understanding learning contents for students with low levels of academic achievement and improve them at the same time.

The industrial revolution 4.0 in general and the trend of the digital economy in particular have affected all aspects of the economy. In the orther hand, Digital Technology has the power to impact the strategies and competitiveness of businesses in the market. It is ever evolving and creating a revolutionary stand for different professions as well. Accounting is considered to be one of the oldest and traditional professions. The rules and methodology of this profession has remained uniform for a long period of time. But due to the advent of the digital technology accounting industry is experiencing some great changes. Challenges for the accounting profession are reflected in the need for rapid adaptation and transformation of business practice and business processes. Gradually it was difficult to manage the accounting of large firms without having any machine help. This profession faced a lot of challenges and required the need to adapt technology. The requirements of finance and digital accounting, as well as the requirements of regional and international financial and accounting integration, require proactive preparation, taking full advantage of the advantages as well as limiting the impacts. disadvantage. The aim of this paper is to analyze and systematize the key challenges that digitalization brings for accounting industry and propose some solution for digital transformation of accounting industry for Small and Medium Enterprise in Vietnam

Innovation has been considered not only an important factor for creating and maintaining the competitiveness of nations but also a key determinant of enterprises performance in over the world. Innovation is the process by which an enterprise develops new products, services, processes or management systems to meet requirements due to the change of business environment, technology. The results of implementing innovation increase capacity of the business, thereby helping the business to develop sustainably in the face of market trends and competition from competitors. This paper aims to explore the current status of innovation activities as well as proposes solutions to develop innovation activities for Vietnamese enterprises. The proposed solutions in this study paper create a premise to improve the competitiveness and sustainable growth of enterprises in the context of deeper and more comprehensive international economic integration.

This study aims to examine the symbolism of the emblems of World Expositions by using Victor Turner's symbolic theory as a research method, and to reveal the symbolic types behind them by classifying the emblem designs of different periods and themes. The research object is 12 comprehensive World's Fair emblems from the 1939 New York World's Fair in the United States to the 2025 Osaka World's Fair in Japan, as identified by Bureau International des Expositions. The research method mainly adopts documentary research to collect historical information and theoretical frameworks related to the design of World's Fair emblems. In the analysis process, Victor Turner's symbolic sign theory is used as the main analytical framework to link the design elements of emblems to their relevance to specific societies and cultures in order to reveal the themes, values and ideas represented by the emblem symbolism. The results of the study show that the design of the Expo emblem uses different symbols, including material symbols, behavioral symbols, sensory symbols, natural symbols, social symbols and virtual symbols, to convey the core concepts, themes and values of the Expo. Through different types of symbols, the Expo emblem shows a wide range of concerns about technology and the future, mankind and the world, nature and ecology, and society and innovation. The symbolic design of the emblem plays an important role in conveying the core concept and theme of the Expo.

This study aims to empirically confirm the effect and impact of community care design research centered on domestic space and environment on health promotion, diagnosis treatment, disease management, rehabilitation, and mitigation through the year of publication and perspective. To this end, based on 1,227 space and environment design studies from 2,144 community care design research data conducted for about 20 years from 2002 to 2022, when care services began in earnest through the long-term care system for the elderly, SPSS 26.0 was used to create a ‘Multi-layer Perceptron’ artificial neural network structure model was predicted and neural network analysis was performed. Research Results First, as a result of checking studies in each field of health care by year, there is a significant difference with the number of studies related to health promotion being the highest. Second, the five perspectives are region, time, dimension, function, and content perspective. As a result of inputting these variables as independent variables and analyzing their importance in the artificial neural network, the function perspective had the most influence, followed by the region > content > dimension > time perspective.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between stress and school life adaptation according to the degree of participation in physical education class and perception of middle school students. In order to achieve this research objective, the subjects of this study were sampled using cluster random sampling from male and female students attending middle schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do in 2020. 150 males and 150 females, a total of 300 people were sampled. The statistical analysis used for data analysis was frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Windows 21.0 Version. The conclusions obtained in this study through data analysis by such methods and procedures are as follows. First, it was found that middle school students' participation in physical education classes and perceptions had a partial effect on stress. Second, it was found that the degree of participation and awareness of middle school students' physical education class had a partial effect on their adaptation to school life. Third, middle school students' stress was found to have a partial effect on school life adaptation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of sports center members' lifestyles on participation promotion and choice behavior. To this end, more specifically, we intend to establish and clarify a hypothetical model based on the preceding studies of facilitating factors and factors that continue to participate according to the lifestyle of sports center members. In order to achieve this research purpose, the study subjects were set as the population of male and female adults over 20 who are using sports centers in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do in 2021. As for the sampling method, the sample was extracted using cluster random sampling, and 300 people were used for the actual analysis, excluding 60 copies of double-entry and insincere or unreliable questionnaires. The survey tool was modified and supplemented according to this study based on the questionnaire that had been verified for reliability and validity in previous studies, and all questionnaire items were composed of a 5-point scale. The statistical analysis used for data analysis was frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Windows 21.0 Version. The conclusions obtained in this study through data analysis by such methods and procedures are as follows. First, according to the lifestyle of sports center members, participation promotion factors were found to have a partial influence. Second, according to the lifestyle of sports center members, the selection behavior was found to have a partial influence. Third, it was found that the participation promotion factors of sports center members partially affected the choice behavior.