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After the 2000's, the most remarkable phenomenon is the increase of representable interest in the figures of the others. In many Korean novels which represent the others, the cognition and sense of 'political correctness' are their fundamental literary task. But the important thing is the question like this. Is the portion of literature the ideological practice of 'political correctness' in this time. 'Political correctness' is hostile to literature itself and politics of literature. Literature which can translate into political and cultural discourses smoothly, and which do not have it's own portion, is the repetition of literature in the 1980's already died. What literature in the 1980's taught is, when literature do not invent it's own portion different from politics, it can't political fully. Therefore when multi-culturalism constitute a problem, and when someone ask literature for carrying the value of multi-culturalism, literature must tell like this: 'No, Thanks!' In this time of transnational muliculture in which all fixed borders is crumbling down, new possibility of literature after the end must begin from that refusal. In fact, experience of the encounter with the others is like as trauma. That shake violently subjective sense, cognition, and sensation, and throw it into confusion. And that is the experience of impossibility which can't integrate with subject's existing cognition and perception. That point of impossibility is the place which literature must make a political and literal issue.

This study aims to consider the way to represent the others of korean novels in 2000’s. In the initial stage, these novels, such as Oh Soo-Yeon’s ‘Don’t die, Abu Ali’, tended to use nonfictional narrative methods. Henceforward, in her collection of short stories Golden Roof she combined both nonfictional and fictional narratives. This helped her show awareness about the others and her distinctive ‘narrative-identity’ generated from her narrating. Henceforward, novels about the problems of the others increased, and these novels dealed with the others from sympathetic points of view. These had limits that stereo-typed charac- ters appeared in these novels. However, Kim Jae-young’s ‘Elephant’ brought the other as ‘Homo Sacer’ into being and provided tremble to threat structure of speculation of subject. After 2010, young writers tend to use ‘lively’ narrative method to suggest solidarity of minorities. Conventional national boundaries between the subject and the other are deconstructed, and solidarity of minorities, which were alienated from global world-systems, is suggested in Choi Min-seok, Cho Hae-jin and Kim Hee-seon’s works.

This study analyzes modern poetry texts related to multi-culture, which are recorded in the 2007 revised literature textbooks(14 kinds), and inspects the present status of multi-cultural education that is being enforced in 'literature' curriculum of high school, thereby aiming to forecast the future of multi-cultural education based on this. The modern-poetry texts related to multi-culture, which are recorded in the current literature textbooks of high school, are those proper for multi-cultural education, which can understand a situation and position of minorities or others in Korean society and can accept them such as foreign workers and international marriage migrant women in Korean society, which entered multi -cultural society. And even the activity learning in literature textbooks, which was quoted along with the original, can be said to have been relatively well established. In this sense, the multi- cultural texts, which are recorded currently in Korean textbook and literature textbook of high school, can be evaluated to play an important role in leading to reflection and introspection on discrimination, based on students' understanding about difference. However, in the face of this positive evaluation, there is a problem as saying that multi-cultural texts are simply learnt for university entrance examination in the actual education field. In a sense of which the Korean society of entering multi-cultural society is still in a serious situation with a problem of discrimination in majority(Koreans), rather than a maladjustment problem of minority (migrants), it is a point of time that needs more positive multi-cultural education targeting many people.

This study analyzed novel Namaste by Park Bum-shin. The metho- dology is the common theory created by Jean-Luc Nancy, Maurice Blanchot, Judith Butler, Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt. The results are as follows. The common plays an important role in communication. We need to find the common between heterogeneous beings. And we must share(partage) the common. At this time, we can communicate. And an attempt to create the common constantly trying to be. This study analyzed the content of the above in Namaste. This study will contribute to a multicultural society now. the common is the starting point of coexistence. We need to find the common between heterogeneous beings. Then the coexistence and communication is possible. novel Namaste by Park Bum-shin gives these lessons.

This thesis is to examine how marriage-based immigrant women define themselves through writing their memoirs and to establish how this influences their settlement. To achieve this, the contest-type memoirs and the collective in-depth interview-type memoirs were analyzed. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the contest-type memoirs show the phenomenon in which the voluntary confession of marriage-based immigrant women which belongs to the private domain is converted into the multicultural family which belongs to the public domain - the device to show the effectiveness of the government’s multicultural policy. Second, the collective in-depth interview-type memoirs crack the narrative structure of the so-called ‘exemplary cases.’ The anonymous memoirs of the collective in-depth interview-type memoirs eliminate the device ‘nevertheless’ which the contest-type memoirs repeated innume- rably to draw the narrative structure, that is ‘expectations and illusion → gap (conflict) → efforts to solve the problems →hope and resolution.’Third, marriage-based immigrant women publicize their private experiences of married life that they underwent through the act of writing, and based on this, they break away from marriage-based immigrant women as the individuals and begin to define themselves as the collective category of ‘marriage-based immigrant women.’

The purpose of this paper is to analyze obstacles of the communication between the Koreans and the Japanese students in Korea, especially ‘terms of address’ and ‘greetings’. The results are as follows: (1) The way of using ‘kinship terms of address’ in school life, which had been pointed out as a cultural differences between Korea and Japan in previous studies, does not act as the obstacle of the communication between Korean and Japanese students. (2) Koreans sometimes address Japanese students with their family name because Japanese name is longer than Koreans, though Japanese students do not feel comfortable with it. (3) The topic of meals as a very common greetings in Korean act as the obstacle of the communication between Korean and Japanese students. (4) Handshake dose not act as the obstacle of the communication between Korean and Japanese students though Japanese are not familiar with handshake as greetings. It means that the Japanese students in Korea accepted handshake as one of the way of Korean greetings. (5) In contrast, some physical contacts like ‘folding arms’, ‘tapping familiarly the shoulder’ act as the obstacle of the communication because of the difference in ‘private sphere’ between Korean and Japanese. Understanding these obstacles of the communication between Korean and Japanese students helps us to have comfortable and successful communications.

This paper presents an investigation into whether “X” in the “X-hada” construction would be a root or noun. 2-word Sino-Korean “X” can happen in three locations: the predicative construction happens in a predicative location(X-hada), the adnominal construction happens in an adnominal location(X Y), and the adverb construction happens in an adverb location(X Y-hada). The study used the tagged corpus during the Enlightenment Period. The corpus data had a high frequency of Sin-Korean roots in the genres of old novels and newspapers. 2-word Sino-Korean “X” is categorized into Type A in a predicative location(X-hada), Type B in an adnominal location(X Y) and Type C in an adverb location(X Y-hada) according to locations. They take place in all the three locations or only two or one location according to the characteristics of individual nouns. 2-word Sino-Korean “X” comes in the realm of Korean grammar with a status of noun. It can play a predicative, adnominal, and adverb role without combining with “hada”. “X Y-hada” in an adverb construction can be divided into the conjunctive and modifier construction according to the relations between X and Y. The X in the modifier construction seems to have its function converted into an adverb.

L’objectif de cet article consiste à analyser et illustrer le produit multiculturel avec la linguistique textuelle. Dans ce cas-là, nous avons utilisé les séquences et les périodes servant d’intermédiaire existant entre les propositions énoncées en tant qu’unité de base et le texte comme un tout. A travers l’analyse, cet article montre que Wandugi est un romain composé de diverses séquences textuelles. Cela nous prouve que ce romain n’a pas pour but de décrire un phénomène ni de persuader quelqu’un qui le lit. De plus, la séquence explicative et la séquence descriptive ont joué le rôle de fournir des informations sur l’époque multiculturel avec efficace. Ces séquence ne se composent pas de façon successive mais entretenir de divers rapports. Cela nous permet de comprendre ce romain comme une réalité vraie.

This paper is mainly concerned with the status of the null object constructions (NOC) in Korean. According to Bae & Kim (2012), the NOCs, since they have strict and sloppy readings regardless of the bound nouns’ properties, are deep anaphoric. On the other hand, Korean ya construction, a kind of ellipsis constructions, is sur- face anaphoric since they have strict and sloppy especially when the bound noun has the property [+β]. As a result, the pro analysis, not ellipsis analysis, is claimed to be valid for revealing the status of the NOCs. However, in this paper we point out the problems of Bae & Kim’s (2012) analysis. NOCs have different properties from other deep anaphora such as ‘kulaysse’ (do it) and, therefore, does not have to be considered deep anaphoric. Finally, we argue that in the two analyses, pro analysis and ellipsis analysis, the problems remain the same as Um (2012, 2013)’s pointing out, supposing that the NOCs are deep anaphoric,

This paper presented to the historical background of Korean textbooks for Japanese police and colonial officials and to analyze speech style with honorific system and usage strategies in 󰡔Gyeongchalgwanjeonnyong- joseoneog-yobeom󰡕(1923～1924).The historical background of Korean as a foreign language in Japanese colonial era had the Press-related-rules in the 1920s after March first independence movement, the Japanese population influx into Korea and aims of the Japanese colonial government directly controlled Korean people by Korean. As a result, the effects of education were negligible but still remain a large number of educational materials which were historical records of language policy in a Japanese colonial era. Topics and conversations of Korean textbooks for police officer reflected Japanese police had full-scale intervention in Korean’s everyday life. Characteristic of Police officer’s conversation is using the overlap of two honorific level at the same time. In the example, highest level ‘합니다(Habnida)’ and high level ‘하 오(Hao)’ appeared in a con- versation section. The situation of address and command, ‘하오(Hao)’ increased strategically. The results suggest that variation of honorific means revealed authority and audience control. The results of the content analysis of textbooks emphasized authority, unilateral command and interference to colonial Korean.

This study is to find out how the speaker can be set in the work and how the characteristics of the works can be changed by that. Of course, the study on how the speaker in the work is set and what characteristics the speaker makes on the works may have been tried for other works than Ginyeosijo. But as the study focusing on the speaker and listener is closely related to the conversation of the text and the Ginyeosijo shows a lot of conversational characteristics, I decided to focus on the Ginyeosijo only for my study. There are two kinds of the setting of speaker in Ginyeosijo. One is to express the speaker in the works by using the first-person pronoun. The other is to hide the speaker from the work using the viewpoint of observer or neutral person. In case of the former case, “I” is exposed in the work as it is. In this case, as the poet focuses on his/her own personal experience and personal emotion, the work is used to transmit the detailed and specific personal story rather than general one. In addition, in this case, the specific listeners are often set and are also closely related to the characteristics of works which are used to express the personal feeling and emotion. In the case of the latter cases, the speaker is not exposed in the work that this method is more objective in folding a story, thus making the work focus more general characteristics. Accordingly, this kind of the setting of the speaker put more priority on the empathy of general emotion which general human or social human may feel rather than a person’s expression of special emotion. This applies to the themes such as sorrow for old age and life’s vanity, which all people can get the same emotion. As above, I found out that whether the speaker is exposed in the work or hidden from the work is closely related to the general characteristics of the work. I think that the completeness of this study needs more subsequent studies on this matter and that I would like to continue to supplement this study through the subsequent studies.

The purpose of this study is to examine in various viewpoints the emergence background of the poem card game during the Japanese colonial era through poem card competitions held in many areas. In particular, it suggested the possibility that Japan intentionally distributed the play across the nation that did not draw attention in the existing studies and provided its grounds in various viewpoints. It should not be ignored that the poem card game that appeared during the Japanese colonial era had the aspect to revive shijos under the Japanese rule as claimed by the existing researchers. However, when the times and political situations in those days and the attributes of the poem card game and the general characteristics of the game culture of the times are considered, it could confirmed that there was a big possibility that Japan intentionally distributed the game. The first reason why Japan distributed the game was the insemination of Japanese ideas. In addition, it seemed to distribute the poem card game of a Japanese game in order to revive the impoverished economy and improve the efficiency of labor's work. And, there was an intention to raise our people as loyal citizens of the Japanese empire in the course of playing the Japanese game. The reason why Japan attempted to adapt our people to the frame naturally made by the game that emphasized regulations should not be excluded. The emergence background of the poem card play during the Japanese colonial era might the possibility of the distribution of the game in a subjective position as claimed by the existing researchers but this study could confirmed the high possibility that Japan intentionally distributed the game.

There is an inseparable relation between alcohol and Korean people because they have enjoyed drinking, singing and dancing for a long time. The relation between them is confirmed as lots of genres around classical literature used the alcohol in the arts of scholars in the past. The study focuses on a relation between alcohol and literature in order to analyse 'Manboksajupogi', 'Lee sang-Kyu jang jeon', 'Chiyoo- bubyeokjungki' and 'Yonggungbuyeonrok' among the five arts in 'Geumo Shinhwa' written by Kim Si Sup. Through the study, the role of alcohol is used in three parts. The first is that alcohol affects the meeting among people beyond the time. The second is that alcohol is used as the message of farewell. The Third lastly is that alcohol arouses creativity. On the other hand, alcohol realizes that it is the symbol in both of reality and none-reality. It also satisfies humans' desire and contributes to realize the character in the novel according to alcohol's role in “Geumo Shinhwa”In conclusion, it considers the role and the meaning of alcohol as the writting material appearing in four of five arts in “Geumo Shinhwa”.

“Jin Seong-unjeon (진성운전)” is a Korean traditional novel that embodies hero ‘Jin Seong-un (진 성운)’ and other 3 heroes as his friends of same mind, i.e. Nam Sun-gyeong, Yun Ho-won and Yi Hak-rok. On the other hand, this novel embodies only one antagonist - Yu Gyeong, a villainous retainer - against these heroes. And as the heroes get over hardships and terminate a showdown against Yu Gyeong, this novel highlights a hidden hero named ‘Gundam’ who rescues his emperor from the risk of death. Such a narrative structure of Jinseong-unjeon is closely associated with existing novels. Like Jin Seong-unjeon, the embodiment of multiple heroes can be also similarly found in “Namjeong Palnangi (남정팔난기)” and “Gwakbunyangjeon (곽분양전).” Single antagonist is a type of character embodiment found in early fiction works such as “Choi Hyunjeon (최현전)” and “Hwang Unjeon (황운전).” Stories about rescue of emperor belong to a category of typical war story, which can be found in heroic novels such as “Sodaeseongjeon (소대성전)”, “Hyeonsu- munjeon (현수문전)” and “Jo-ungjeon (조웅전)”, and in feature-length stories including “Ongnumong (옥루 몽).” In addition to these aspects, Jinseong-unjeon reveals interactions with other novels, including heroine's affiliation in male attire (Changseon Gameuirok) and war story's extension (based on Jeokbyeok Daejeon). As a result, this feature of interactions with other stories demon- strates late tendencies of heroic stories focusing on fictional interests of a work. Hence, it is concluded that Jinseong- unjeon has an implication in the history of Korean traditional novels in that it shows a transition of late heroic novels toward new and creative stories by organically weaving with characteristic aspects of previous heroic novels.

The essay introduces Liang Qichao's Eumbingsiljayuseo, especially its translation in 1908, which exercised huge influence on Korea in the modern period of enlightenment, and examines the social and cultural causes underlying its translational style of writing Korean with Chinese characters in it. His book, in a persuasive way, dealt with basic concepts and themes about modern civilization, including civilization(文明), barbarity(野蠻), freedom(自由), democracy(民主), civil rights(民權), sovereignty(國權), nation(民族), people(國民), national spirit(國魂), army(軍隊), law(法), press(言論). Accordingly, a number of contemporary Korean intellectuals gave it much attention, trying to employ it positively for the patriotic enlightenment movement. The mixed style of Korean and Chinese writing played an important role in the process. It seems contradictory at first glance that the mixed style of Korean and Chinese writing was prevalent in the establishing process of modern nation-state where much emphasis was given to the use of the national language and the unity of speech and writing. However, it is considered very understandable that the popularity came in a very natural way from Koreans' strategy to build a modern nation-state by freeing themselves from the yoke of Chinese characters yet taking over in an appropriate way its cultural asset at the same time. To illustrate the causes and background of this process in the social context, the essay cites themes like the users of the mixed style, the effect of translation, the tradition of borrowed writing, the re-adjustment of Chinese character and writing's position, the confusion in Korean writing and so on.

On the Korean peninsula where freedom of thought is still not guaranteed rights, the two Koreas, exist in a confrontational relationship of hatred and pity in which each emphasizes the other’s faults. Internalized division consciousness suppressed the most fundamental right of the people to resist non-democratic dictatorial power. But even though the circumstances of the division re -organized all aspects of daily life and culture in the South and North, there was a long period of stagnation in academic circles before the division was addressed as a research topic. The goal of this paper is to outline the trajectories of heterogeneous discourses of national culture commonly shared by Koreans in the 1970s, and read them within the context of the national division. The primary objects of analysis are state-led ‘national culture’, the ‘national culture’ built by intellectual groups, and a third, still different ‘national culture’ embodied in the journal Bburi gipeun namu(Deep-rooted tree). It ultimately asks if an ‘national culture’ discourse was possible that guaranteed criticality and communication, without being co-opted by official logics of nationalism, or becoming absorbed in ideal imperatives.

This study examines the two films <BomBom> and <TtaengByut> based on the original novel written by Kim, Yoo-jeong. This study would be the research for the film itself as well as the opportunity for understanding the original novel through literary films. First of all, in chapter 2, this study summarizes the plot and the characters of the novels. As a typical poor lower-class, the planar characters in Kim's novels share the same social and historical funda- mental problems. They act depending on their personality against the problems of the social structure, so the problems remain in a negative situation that can not be solved. But this procedure is always drawn as a comic disturbance due to the characters’ personality. At this point, the paradoxical situation created by Kim, Yoo-jeong shows ambivalence and truth of the world. This romantic irony is the core of Kim, Yoo-jeong’s narration. In chapter 3, this study explores the multiple procedure of film adaptation to <BomBom> and <TtaengByut> focusing on the difference of the characters and events between the original novels and adapted films. <BomBom> has confrontation with the intervention of new charac- ters and events, which transform into a folk love story with intercon- nection of the love between Choonsam and Jeomsoonyi. In <Ttaengbyut>, it transforms into a review for the whole life rather than a piece of the life, from the procedure that connects or expands the characters of a short story. In chapter 4, this study discusses how the effects shown by the difference of viewpoint, plot and the characters' personality define the features of the films. <BomBom> shows the final ending that overcomes impossible love according to the hierarchical relationship. Due to this kind of plot, irony disappears and only the romantic viewpoint rules the whole text. Each event is expressed as a simple happening because the negative and heavy social structure is concealed in the whole procedure. On the other hand, <Ttaengbyut> reflects each aspect in reality through the characters in an expanded world. In addition, the characters suggest current social problems with thier own allegory. The allegory in <Ttaengbyut> returns the text to an active society and acquires the feature of socio-critical realism.

This study presented the results of study follow-up surveying the feature of Korean pronunciation by Chinese learners phonetically from the elementary level to the advanced level of Korean learning. Among Korean consonants, I studied plosive consonant and affricate that forms opposition of ‘Lax consonants : Aspirated consonants : Tense consonants’. 5 men and 5 women, a total of 10 Chinese Korean learners were selected, and a total of 3 experiments were conducted in the interval of 6 months. For experiment, consonants required for analysis were recorded, F0 value and VOT value were obtained using the voice analysis program, Praat, and analyzed. To measure the degree of development of pronun- ciation for Korean consonant, paired t-test was conducted with he matching pairs of elementary - intermediate, intermediate-advanced, elementary-advanced. As a result of experimental analysis, Chinese learner was found to learn the pronunciation of Tense consonants relatively easily, but not to separate Lax consonants and Aspirated consonants well. It was recon -firmed that Aspirated consonants was highly likely to develop through learning process, but Lax consonants was considerably difficult to develop. In this regard, it was proposed to intensively discuss Lax consonants in Korean consonant education.

This study investigated speaking educational method through play of the Korean language education, and suggested teaching and learning of speaking through the play for foreign students. The purpose of the Korean language education was to communicate smoothly. Learners were needed to be exposed to learning material that could give linguistic experience and activities to be suitable to communication at the classes. Therefore, speaking education should be based on linguistic communion and discourse between speaker and listener along with selection and organization of speaking contents. In particular, speaking education of the second language education for foreigners was demanded to strengthen teaching of non-linguistic activities for smooth communication. This was because speaking ability could be improved effectively when learners spoke knowledge at speaking situation. So, speaking situation should be made in the curriculum, and teaching and learning method should allow learners to experience speaking at virtual situation. This study investigated use of the play that was one of teaching and learning, and gave a case of application. In this study, experimental group who attended class of play was assumed to speak the Korean language better than control group who did not attend the class. The study had limitations: First, the subject was 26 Chinese exchange students at 'A' University to be difficult to generalize the findings. Second, number of interviewees was small to be difficult to be objective at investigation into not only interest in learning of the Korean language but also better communication ability. The study could give learners a type of class of speaking despite the limitation to be of help for experimental group students to speak fluently, and kept curriculum contents in order. The play for educational use at speaking gave learners speaking opportunity to help educate language, thought, expressions and linguistic situation.