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The purpose of this paper is to present several methods of standardizing of the education of the Korean Alphabet and its pronunciation. I have researched the teaching methods used by several Korean textbooks for foreigners, and found many differences on the order of presenting the Korean Alphabet, on the classification of the Korean Alphabet, on the ways of presenting Korean pronunciation, etc. I proposed some suggestions on the standardization of teaching the Korean Alphabet and its pronunciation. First of all, educators should introduce 40 Korean Alphabets according to the phonetic features and the shape of the characters. They should teach the vowels before the consonants because Korean consonants are not syllabic. Also when teaching the vowels it is not necessary to devide the vowels into basic vowels and complex vowels using the invention principal of Hunminjeongeum because it is more efficient to teach Korean Alphabet according to the phonetic classification, single vowels and diphthong vowels. As ‘ㅚ, ㅟ’ vowels usually pronounce as diphthong, instructors should teach ‘ㅚ, ㅟ’ vowels as diphthong. Secondly, Educators should teach the name of the Korean Alphabet. Thirdly, they should teach the Korean Alphabet and its pronunciation together and represent pronunciation according to IPA.

This paper proposes Korean Case-Licensing System by Phase in terms of which Korean Case-License System can be explained more clearly. It is well known that Cases can be marked multiply in Korean. Many attempts are made to show this multiple marking phenomena in Korean manifestly.In chapter 2, we look into 'Covert Multiple Agree' suggested by Hiraiwa (2001). Since his analysis is based upon Agree which is carried out by probe P c-commanding goal G, if two elements (P and G) are not in the c-commanding relation within a sentence, there is no way to license Case of G. Next, we examine 'Case License by focus' conducted by Jung (2000, 2001). Under this system, there arises a crucial problem : nominative case of the second NP in the Dative-Nominative Construction is licensed as default Case. On the other hand, Choi (2009) suggests 'Case-License by heads' (Agr and v), which has difficulties in justifying Head-movement of v to T, dealing with DP as a Phase, and the operation Agree not observing Phase Impenetration Condition (PIC). In Chapter 3, in order to overcome theses problems mentioned the above, we present 'Case License by Phase' under which while nominative Case is licensed within CP Phase, accusative Case is licensed within v*P. Under such a system, we solve the problems mentioned the above.In Chapter 4, our system is applied to some other constructions : Long-form Negation Construction, Verbal Noun Construction, Secondary Predication Construction, Negative Copula Construction, 'toyta (become)' Construction and ECM Construction.

The goal of this research is for the Korean language learners in China. This research will study about verbs (connect with action), then make a verb category of gestures which based on the Korean vocabulary for studying which published on May, 2003, by National Korean Research Institution . We will use those vocabularies as a foundation to launch this Korean learning program. We will use movies, dramas, and books related to study as while.To be a good Korean speaker is not mean voice language skills. When we speaking, it knows that it uses not only a vocal language, but also a motion of the hand or gestures. And it considers the state or the psychological back of expressions or reactions of the person who listens. So it is to come to feel with the description well. With this the external aspect of the vocal language, What it does communication by using expressions, gestures and motions of the hand is as non-verbal. It informed that it could be help for the ability upgrade which it talks of decreasing, If a non-verbal expression is used well. Based on such a background, this study is a study on non‐verbal communication for Chinese Korean Language Learners. This research will only study non-verbal gesture education program; expression and body contact communication will be continue. This kind of research will be proceeded to increase of efficiency for studying Korean.However, this study will be great help to improve learner's speaking skill or communication ability. To develop more practical ‘non-verbal communication’ study should be carried out.

The purpose of this study is to investigate meaning differences among the synonyms of Chinese characters. This study compares diachronically the meanings of Chinese characters which appear in the section of ‘Keemyung (utensil; tableware)’ classified in Hun-Mong- Ja-Hoe with those which are in supplementary books or dictionaries for Chinese characters, such as Sin-Jeung-Yu-Hab, Cheon-Ja-Mun, Wae-Eo-Yu-Hae, Jeon-Un-Ok-Pyeon, Ja-Ryu-Ju-Seok, A-Hak- Pyeon, Ja-Jeon-Sok-Yo, and Shin-Ja-Jeon, It also analyzes the semantic features of Chinese characters that belong with each meaning to find out syntactic and semantic development processes of the meanings of Chinese characters. For the semantic analysis, this study selected 32 characters with the same meaning, which belong to ‘Sickee (dishes)’, out of 312 characters that appear in the section of ‘Kee-Myung’ in ‘Hun- Mong-Ja-Hoe (teaching children to master chinese characters)’. There are some characteristics in those characters as follows. First, they retain conservativeness rather than modification in common vocabulary and the meaning related to basic vocabulary didn't bring that much alteration. Second, while the meaning of other sections of ‘Hun-Mong-Ja-Hoe’ has a tendency to consist of chinese characters, that of ‘Kee-Myung’ mainly consists of a native tongue. Third, the meaning of ‘Kee-Myung’ has rarely become an obsolete word. Since most meanings are a native tongue, they have gone through modification. Finally, while the meanings of other sections of ‘Hun-Mong-Ja-Hoe’ have lots of inflected words, such as verbs and adjectives, there are only nouns in the section of ‘Kee-Myung’.

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the meanings of the Korean temporal expressions ponayta ‘spend’ and cinayta ‘stay’in a cognitive-linguistic way. The word ponayta originally means the spatial transmission of an object. This meaning is extended into the temporal meaning in terms of the work of metaphor. In this process, ponayta is combined mainly with those temporal nouns that have the features [+eventiveness] and [+segmentation].Cinayta also is related to expressions of movement in a spatial sense. Cinayta is the causative form of the verb cinata ‘pass.’ Nouns combined with cinata in its spatial concept has the semantic features of [+mobility] and [+progressiveness]. This has been transformed into the causative form cinayta, which in turn has been realized as a temporal expression through the working of metaphor.Though both ponayta and cinayta have come to be used for temporal expression due to such working of metaphor, language users’ cognitive differences are reflected between them. Ponayta eventualizes time in relation with the work of human memory. However, with cinayta, time’s own properties including its length and continuity come to the surface.

The images of monks shown up in Sohwa include foolish monks, lascivious monks and intelligent monks. Foolish monks are made a fool of and become targets of laughter, as they are easily cheated because of their pure and simple heart. Lascivious monks don’t control their worldly desire and search for beautiful women. Because of that they are blown up in their faces. Intelligent monks are interested in poems and calligraphy which are not the areas that monks should deal with to show their talents. Because of that they are blown up in their faces. The recognition on these monks differs depending on the flaws that they have. The flaw of a foolish monk is based on his naivety. He doesn’t make damage to other people. So there aren’t or are rarely negative recognition on or aggression toward him. But they show great aggression toward lascivious monks. So it seemed that they might have thought they had great flaws as monks. The stories that describe the images of intelligent monks strongly reflect Confucian ideas that criticized Buddhist monks showing great aggression toward the monks.The reason Sohwa that makes a fool of monks shows strong negative recognition and aggression different from other Sohwas is due to the policy of Chosun dynasty that oppresses Buddhism and encourages Confucianism. The Sohwas were made from the viewpoint of people not from that of monks. As a result being supported by the situation of the time it strongly reflects the negative aspects of monks

This Study was it considered about aspect of a poetic, and suspicious with a trajectory of life before going into government service Seokbuk Sin-gwangsu. He rose to a person who has only passed the first examination for office to the 39 years old that a middle age became, but was not able to go out to the relation that was a family of the NamIn which fell to a government official. You got from choice of I-jeongbo (李鼎輔) and ritual food got from a stick cold Yongung to 50 years old (1761)Eumgwan (蔭官) so that you were so, and sets removed abuse of party strife while enforcing TangpyeongChaek. Therefore, you have watched the poor life to poets of misfortune like fates until former days. Seokbuk did not have fundamentally a closed of thoughts by variety of consciousness world, but he was a Confucian scholar.As you are so, you look to what, specially, you look up a lot of temples in order to soothe indignation by restrictions of rising in the world originated from in own status or households, and associated with the monks in his 20-30 seasons. Also, he had a lot of the times that he left home, and often looked up the Jeolla-do provinces with one's wife's home and Seoul in order to solve basic poverty of a family from an early age. The center sent the life in the strange lands where life of conquest south return north and conquest north return south continued. The ardenting having exposed to affection about an itinerary of life away from home and a traveler's lonely feelings and families in of his the poetic. Sorrow to lose a wife met to especially middle aged age approached for pain most shocking in his life.Though death from disease, but do so that you discard chastity of the compassion that was not able to run a patriarch out doing you are poor by own inabilities poverty self-reproach not being things by chronic illness and a death of a wife feels at a funeral oration. As, besides, his the family was too poor, his three brothers all were not able to gather. As you were so, there could not but be a lot of contents you were gloomy, and to recite dark actuality that families should live separately because of the poverty in his poetic.In this way hardship and trouble to experience by a breakdown regarding both persons that got from during Joseon's postscript intellectuals were sorrow itself of a ruin illustrious official, and it was one in exposing to a hardship and a trouble and experiencing because of the home's poor and the economic conditions to be difficult, too contemporary social aspect.

The purpose of this study is to examine the early poems of Gang Wi, one of four great poets in late Chinese Han dynasty. Past works focused on his later days so the study deals with his early literary world, particularly <Balmiyeocho>. Before going to the main subject, the study divides his literary life into several periods and discusses the structure and characteristics of Balmiyeocho.Chapter 3 classifies the poems in the <Balmiyeocho> into 3 subjects. First subject is his desire to travel. The study found he spoke about peacefulness rather than loneliness in strange places. Second subject is his interest in relics. The study found he wrote his poems based on historical facts. That was because he was influenced by his teacher Kim Jung-hee's attitude, who stressed the methodology of historical research. Third subject is his interest in Buddhism. There are many Buddhism-coloured poems because he mainly traveled around temples. Chapter 4 discusses the significance his <Balmiyeocho> poems in his literary world. He sublimated mental wandering by low social status into poems.

This study is to analyze how ‘others over the border’ are depicted in Korea novels in the ear of world-wide trend of Globalization. In order to achieve the given objective, the author attempted to examine the patterns of representation of migrant workers in Korean novels in which migrant workers from foreign countries appeared.It was the author's primary concern to learn the perceived images of migrant workers by Korean novel as well as ideological effects arising from such images. The reason, which caused the author to pay extra attention to this subject, is because the perceived images of migrant workers created through representation of Korean literature are not only prejudiced or biased but also recognized by general public as if they were true.The results of the study drew conclusions as follows:First, the extreme case of dichotomy of ‘The Subject vs. The Other’ is still strongly reinforced. Second, the migrant workers have been perceived as those who are in need of constant protection like little children on the wild-life field, however, this perception was created entirely to accommodate the subjects' convenience. Third, although it is quite rare, some of migrant workers are perceived as horrifying threats to the subjects.These perception of migrant workers are being discussed here, of course, to address the on-going prejudice against them that plagues Korean general public. However, it should be warned that an effort to dissolve these perceptions by overzealous group of intellectual people with moral obligations might backfire to solidify such stereotypes against migrant workers.

This study focuses on a cognitive dissonance of an artist, mentioned in ‘One Day of Novelist Go-bo’. this is revealed as a conflict between the acquirement of material modernity was named ‘happiness’ by ‘Gu-bo’ and ‘Writing a novel’, the artistic-oriented. The hero of ‘One Day of Novelist Go-bo’ is a typical lumpen intellectual. The fact that his job is the novelist is important. ‘One Day of Novelist Go-bo’ indicates particularity of the novelist in ‘Gu-bo’'s daily life. In short, he is “the artist” and also can not be free of material needs. The duplicity of accepting modern life, and at the same time, keeping his own artistic identity is a conflict composition and the theme of this novel. In conclusion, a cognitive dissonance of ‘Gu-bo’ is settled by equalizing the art and daily life. This conclusion means that he takes the modernity summarized in money and time.

This paper takes up Choi In-hoon's novels with the wiew of post-colonialism. The premise is that his ideological and difficult writings should be read in the context of the time when they were written. Since writings are the products of the time and society to which the writer belongs, it is just a logical thing to interpret the techniques of writings as well as the stories themselves in the circumstantial context. Therefore, this paper shead the light on the post-colonial society and the colonial system, which were the political systems Choi had to face with at the time in Korea. The fundamental contradiction of the Korean Society Choi confronted was the post-colonial obstacles. Choi believed that understanding and resolving this issue was his mission. The ideology and difficulty of his later works. thus, were to be understood not as methodological or technical experiments, but as the result of an author's attempt to search for an autogenously grown ideology in a post-colonial society. Consequently, such interpretation brings out the author's historical awareness to the previously knownepistemological implication. Most of Choi's protagonists are intellectuals of ideology. In “the West Excursion” the protagonist embarks on a journey back to the past where he experiences the shameful and painful history of colonization. The back to the past trip is an attempt to bring up the deep rooted problem. and make us to face the ever-avoided problem: it is an opportunity for a therapeutic inner journey. By approaching the problem. and getting to know it better, the author attempts to provide us to understand it better, thus, get it over with in easier. In “Christmas Carol,” and “Mr. Ku Bo's Daily Life,” there is a reversed pattern of Choi's approach to the problem. Thy story takes off from an ordinary daily life of an ordinary man, Mr. Ku Bo, and then it develops into the Utopian world of autogenously grown ideology. Through criticism on indiscriminate acceptance and absolutization of the imported western ideology, the author tires to give us the opportunity to see the western ideology in rather relative and objective terms. Eventually, the structure becomes the structure for the search for an answer.