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The purpose of this study is to review the goal of debate lessons, to propose a practical debate method and to understand a evaluation method of debate lessons. Despite of having concerns and interests, the current debate lessons are roaming aimlessly because there was no a correct and educational system in debate. Owing to carry out instrumental research for debate lessons, the current debate lessons just teach a rule of debate without approaching a detail education. In the Korean language education, the debate should be a final aim in debate lessons, that is to say, the debate is not a method but a target in the debate lessons. For this approach, I think that we need to set up the goal of debate lesson by itemizing the process of debate lessons and make an effort to apply the method of debate lessons to the actual schooling.

본고는 접속어 ‘하지만’의 형성에 대해 통시적으로 고찰하였다. ‘하지만’에 대해서는 기존에 ‘그러-’ 계열의 접속어의 형성을 논하는 자리나(안주호 2000: 113-141), ‘하다’가 대동사인지를 공시적으로 살피는 연구(김영희 1984: 31-63)에서 가설적으로만 언급이 되었다. 이러한 선행 연구들에서는 ‘그러하지만’에서 ‘그러-’가 탈락해 ‘하지만’이 형성되었다고 가설을 세워왔다. 하지만 ‘그러-’의 탈락은 ‘그렇지만’, ‘그러하지만’이 자료상에 많이 나타나지 않아 역사적으로 검증되기 어렵고, ‘*하므로’, ‘*하다면’ 등 체계상의 빈칸도 설명되지 않는 문제를 안고 있다. 본고는 인용동사가 화행적인 상황을 대용할 수 있다는 점과 ‘하다’가 인용동사라는 점에 근거해 인용의 ‘하지만’에서부터 역접 접속어 ‘하지만’이발달했다고 보았다. 초기에 인용의 ‘하지만’이 인용조사 없이 쓰이다가 이후에 인용조사를 선접하게 되었다는 점은, 등장 초기에만 인용의 ‘하지만’이 통사적 독자성을 확보하여 접속어 ‘하지만’이 될 수 있었다는 점을 알게 해준다. 이는 분포별 빈도의 변화를 통해서 확인이 된다. 한편 초기의 접속어 ‘하지만’이 화행 접속만을 전적으로 표현했다는 점은 ‘하지만’이 인용 동사의 화행적 대용에서 발달했음을 지지해 준다. 이후 인식적 접속의 기능으로 쓰이게 되는 것은 범언어적 문법화 패턴과 일치하는 자연스러운 변화이다. 이는 현대의 역접 접속어 ‘하지만’으로 그 기능이 이어진다는 점에서 중요하다. 이 역시 기능별 빈도의 변화를 통해서 확인이 된다.

This paper investigated how the modern korean concessive connective 'haciman', originated from the citation verbs 'ha-' plus the concessive ending '-ciman', came about historically. This paper paid attention to connective's construe levels according to which a connective's construe varies dramatically. Results of the survey on the historical data are as follow: 1) 'Haciman' came to be independent formally by frequent uses where the speech act level construe was needed for successful communication, since a speech act level construe of a connective is likely to happen between two separate sentences; 2) And such concessively separate sentences are likely to happen in conversational text, since conversations very often need polite rejection of the other person's intention and projection of one's own; 3) The fact that the original citational expression 'haciman' came to appear always with citation particle '-ko' preceding might make such a independence strong; 4) Functionally, usage of 'haciman' expanded to simple contrast, - a general procedure of semantic change in grammaticalization.

The purpose of this paper is to show that Korean Case-licensing System can be more clearly explained by phase. In order to prove that Case can be licensed by phase in Korean, it is important to determine what the nominative case licensor is. In this paper, following Kim (2005), we assume that a complex of inflectional elements may license nominative Case in Korean, and ,without any objection, transitive verbs may license accusative Case. However, there arise some problems in languages like Korean because Case can be realized multiply. We adopt Covert Multiple Agree proposed by Hiraiwa (2001), in order to solve the problems mentioned the above. Unfortunately, we also find that there are some problems with his analysis. As a solution to the problems, we propose Case-licensing by phase: within CP phase nominative Case is licensed because nominative Case licensor, a complex of inflectional elements, is located within the phase and within v*P phase accusative Case is licensed because accusative Case licensor, v, is located within the phase. Under such an assumption, we also propose that Korean Case be licensed in two ways. One is by operation Agree by which φ-features of probe and goal are checked and Case feature is checked as a reflex of the φ-features. The other is by phase. Since elements which have no φ-features can not enter into operation Agree and, consequently, can not be licensed by Agree, their Cases are claimed to be licensed by another operation, namely, by phase: if an element is within CP phase, nominative Case would be license, since the phase is the domain of nominative Case. On the other hand, if an element is within v*P phase, accusative Case would be licensed since the phase is the domain of accusative Case.

Recently regarding a language education, there are many arguments that a unit of language should be dealt with at a level of context or text, not the one of individual sentence. Regarding a learning process, a focus is made on a learning process using a perception beyond the level of a memorizing by a simple repetition. This can be the result of reflecting the fact that a text and talk-oriented research is conducted in terms of linguistics and that a research on an invisible language understanding process is made in terms of psychology. A reading is the most important area in designing a content-based syllabus of lectures. Consequently, the education of Korean for a special purpose or a college studying purpose can be a Korean acquiring process as a reading process. However, Smith(1994) points out that a selection and organization of text, which contains topic vocabularies of a particular theme to be studied in a content-based reading learning, is very important. The purpose of this paper is to analyze data on a selection and organization of text, which foreign students should study, in a bigger framework of a theme-based language instruction, design a syllabus of lectures, and discuss on a direction to develop a reading textbook for foreign students.

A peer evaluation is an educational activity in which learners cooperate each other and means a criticism on each other's writings and a provision of feedback in a small group. This paper analyzed the effect of a peer evaluation to a beginning learner to Korean language by classifying it into an affective domain and a domain for competence of composition. As a result, a learner's ability was improved to a certain degree in terms of all aspects such as a vocabulary, grammar, skill to command of sentence, skill to content organization, and skill to organize a format, etc. In particular, it was found out that if a focus was made on one of these aspects and the related skill was improved in a concentrated manner, then a more effective improvement in skill could be made. In case of a beginning learner, there is a high probability to give up learning due to an excessive fear or despair. Subsequently, if a method of a peer evaluation is properly utilized, then the composition class will not make learners get bored. In addition, learners' active participation can be expected. This study only partially proved the effect of peer evaluation. However, it is meaningful for this research to become the basis to expand other researches on this area in a future.

The objective of the present study was to design a model for teaching the pronunciation of Korean consonants using physical tools. This study began with the intention to propose a model that practices pronunciation through concrete means rather than teaching pronunciation through simple imitations and abstract explanations. The model includes nine types of activities for practicing pronunciation: ① speaking with tissue on the mouth; ② making a high tone by breathing out a suppressed breath; ③ sticking gum using the tongue; ④ stimulating with a tongue presser; ⑤ speaking with the lips covered with wheat flour; ⑥ speaking with the nose blocked; ⑦ speaking with the breath suppressed; ⑧ throwing out gargling water; and ⑨ hitting the neck.

This thesis studies on the significance of Dae Ha that is a unfinished novel of Kim Nam-Cheon and is planned for a family history chronicle by using the origin of this novel pattern and establishment of modernistic subject in colonial times. When the mode of novel is expression of transcendental hometown loss, the novel means modernistic epic form after losing the whole disposition in ancient times. Therefore, in the aspect of style, this novel takes certainly the form of travel as a modernistic person leaves for unification with society. In this context, a growth novel shows symbolically the characteristics of modern novels. In addition to, a family history novel which is a boy as a hero is a growth novel. On the life ground and social structure, a family is related with not only personal growth but also social organization to boy. A family history novel relates closely a growth novel and has important meaning for family as a social structure. Freud explains above concept called 'Family Romance' that assumes growth and a independence of a child. If a child and parents extends relation to society, this can approach basic worries about a novel pattern which looks for denotative all the disposition of life. So, internal form of novel that is travel for growth of problematic person is able to appear effectively through a family as a social miniature. At the first modern of the Joseon Dynasty, the existing conventional patriarchy falls down and the colonial patriarchal system forced into symbolic father like the Emperor of Japan. This is 'Family Romance' that hardens existing order as denying original father and replacing pseudo father. The tendency is just described to the father and the son-Park Seong-Kwon, Park Hyung-Geol-of Dae Ha. Hyung-Geol who obeys his father's power can analyzes an succession of Oedipus complex about the colonial capitalism. Dae Ha of Kim Nam-Cheon tries to have a model of full-length novel through a novel of family history chronicle. But this doesn't have completion as a novel of family history chronicle because of unfinished work. In the existing studies, Dae Ha has prescribed as a private and social life novel, a genre novel and a family history novel. If the novel focuses on the young man, Park Hyung-Geol, who worries, opposes family's problems and his environment, then escape from home, Dae Ha can be sufficiently a growth novel like Kim Nam-Cheon's other novels that are a boy as a hero. But Dae Ha doesn't obtain results as a family history novel because of unfinished novel and doesn't show the aspect of growth novel why this novel concludes with Hyung-Geol's escape. The importance of Dae Ha can be found in Kim Nam-Cheon's view continually maintaining thing of his novel that is a boy as a hero. This has an insight into past days for setting up the direction of subject. In the result, the significance of Dae Ha is finding of a boy as a hero. And this is acknowledged as practice of writer's creative methodology.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the gender and nationalism in 〈Lust│Caution〉 which was directed by Lee An in the year of 2007. 〈Lust│Caution〉 is the adapted film from an original fiction 〈Lust│Caution〉(色, 戒) written by Chang Eileen(張愛玲) Chang Eileen was a female writer who played an active part mainly in Shanghai in the 1930's. In an original fiction 〈Lust│Caution〉, she described the fatal love above and beyond the nation and state. The movie's tragic heroine, Wong Chia Chi (played by Tang Wei 湯唯), pull a badger game in order to assassinate Mr. Yee (played by Tony Leung 梁朝偉), who was a high-ranking official of the pro-Japanese group. Wong Chia Chi, college woman disguised herself as Mrs. Mak and approached Mr. Yee. However, she was swayed by sexual sentiment to Mr. Yee, neglecting her special mission of assassinating him, one of the pro-Japanese group. At last, she delivered Mr. Yee out of danger, on this account, she herself and her hit team were arrested and then killed. Chinese audiences leveled criticism at 〈Lust│Caution〉 on the ground that this film damaged the history of the struggle against Japan's imperialism and hurt the Chinese's national pride. The Chinese audiences called all of them, the hero Lee An, heroine Wong Chia Chi, and writer Chang Eileen, down as traitors. The Chinese became angry because 〈Lust│Caution〉 valued the gender and sexuality of women above nation or state. On the other hand, Korean audiences regarded this film as an art film. They lavished praise on the dramatic interpretation of the movie director, and on the acting ability of Tang Wei and Tony Leung Chiu-Wai, and on the fatal love story. Unlike Chinese audiences, Korean audiences appreciated this film freely, breaking from the closed and exclusive nationalism. China is now pursuing great-power chauvinism. Chinese audiences understanded 〈Lust│Caution〉 as making a fool of the great-power chauvinism. In China this film was appreciated only as nationalism. On the contrary, Korean audiences took the affirmative standpoint about the gender and sexuality of female in 〈Lust│Caution〉 amicably. 〈Lust│Caution〉 is the film that operates as a very important media in constructing the identity of nation, state, race, gender.

The purpose of this study is to examine significance and limitation in Labor Novel that was released by Kim Yeong-pal in the mid-and-latter half of the 1920s. Kim Yeong-pal's labor novels are based on a writer's autobiographical experience, thereby being put at the point different from writers of belonging to 'KAPF' who were active in works during the similar period. Kim Yeong-pal's novel in 1927, which was started the primary directional conversion in KAPF, is having certain distance from the creative methodology in KAPF. In a big frame, it is consistent with the direction in Proletarian Literary Movement. However, what he partially sticked to a creative method peculiar to him can be said to be his unique point. This position was accepted critically by the inside of KAPF. And, Kim Yeong-pal had also recognized this. His diverse walks of life such as essayist, dramatist, broadcasting entertainment caster, and child-play research association became an opportunity that he came to be negatively evaluated by KAPF. Consequently, it resulted in what he came to be distant from literature. Nevertheless, in the aspect that he achieved the certain performance in embodying inconsistency of the labor field with realistic depiction in the mid-and-latter half of the 1920s, Kim Yeong-pal's novel is clarified to have significance.

China and Korea share considerable amount of similarities in their trace of history since 19th century till now. Both countries were suffered from the invasion of imperialist countries at the end of the 19th century. After the World War, China went through an extreme path, Cultural Revolution, and Korea passed through the period of political suppression that was realized in the form of dictatorship of the military. Accumulated social complication and the explosion of the desire of democratization after the Cultural Revolution brought about the tragedy of Tiananmen Square crackdown. The previously stated historical fact in China is similar to the Korean Kwang-ju Pro-democracy Movement which the expectation for the democratization was broken down by the new military government. In 1989, as the Berlin Wall Fell and the collapse in Soviet Union, the Cold War caused by the conflict of ideologies had been weakened, China carried out an positive open-door policy. As a result, today's China has accomplished the remarkable economic growth which deserves the name of 'Factory of the world'. Following this current, Chinese literature today has obvious trend of commercialization. Korea also has the issue of commercialization of literature free from the conflict of ideology after the democratization and the economic development. Literature is a product of wound and memory. Korea and China, both countries' similar history and memories can be a medium for the literature from the both countries to communicate. This study is focused on the possibility of the mutual communication, and introduce the comparison of Chinese and Korean literature. And this study will contribute to the exchange of the literature from the both countries which faces common issue of commercialization of literature.

When literary works have organic nature, then limitedness of organic body can be meaning of substantialism. Revival movement of Korean ancient poem by People's Literacy Party at the later part of the 20th century had become a decisive momentum to rekindle dwindling light of literacy of ancient poem. Entering into 1930s, prominent new poets like Lee, ho-Woo, Kim, Snag-Ok, Jang, Eung-Du, Jo,Un, and etc emerged but, in particular, works of Lee, Ho-Woo and Chojeong were said to have been excellent in quality and had contributed a lot to activation of poem literacy. Chojeong was a poet of ancient poem who had inherited modern poem pioneered by Garam and Nosan and who had led the revival of modern poem together with Lee, Tae-Geuk. Ancient poem works of Chojeong are written in books like 『Chojeok/Grass flute』(1947, Suhyangseowon), 『65 pieces of three lines poem』(1973, Ajabang), 『Autumn with lingering fragrance』(1989, Sangseogak), and 『Words of Zelkova serrata』(1998, Sangseogak) Chojeong had started his full works of writing ancient poems as he was selected by Dongah Daily Newspaper in November 1939 with his ancient poem of and also was recommended by Garam, Lee, Byeong-Gi for his ancient poem of on the magazine of 『Munjang/Sentence』also in 1939. This thesis has the purpose of expanding the meaning by exploring the literary viewpoint specifically and consistently in the works of Chojeong ranging from the early period poem book of 『Chojeok/Grass flute』to the later poem book of 『Words of Zelkova serrata』in consideration of activation and modernization of poem literacy and by revealing the internal and external value of his works with the references of methodology of formalism and viewpoint of biographical histories. His literary viewpoint revealed in his four ancient poem book was detected in variety but can be compressed into three points; First, root-orientation and cleanliness are crystallization of the spirit of his poem that had been consistent during 60 years of his poems creation period. Root-orientation was indicated in his consciousness wishing to find root of our people, that is, mental hometown. He had chosen various materials showing traditional emotions of Korean people and had tried to express Korean traditional beauty as emotional root of the people which was his root-orientation of his literary works. In his will to pursue ideal future-oriented values as a root for securing national identity, it may be said that he went into symbol of root-orientation for realizing Korean soul. Sense of nationalism he had pursued in his poems was symbolized in his works through sublimation of cleanliness. Second, it is exploration of truth of meaning. Spirit to reveal and contain in this world full of lies was an exploration of truth and life of poems. He went over lies and aimed to pursue whispers of true souls which is essence of poems. Like this, he had consistent in his posture as a seeker of truth throughout his whole life to show the exploration of truth which was whispers of true soul through his poems. Third, imagery of poem and picture. Literacy of poem and picture suggests scenery itself without expression of emotion and the scenery implies the emotion. However, Chojeong draws not only sceneries but also sound of wind and heart filling inside of sceneries as well. He saw object but hided movement of subject intentionally. He painted a scroll of picture but he painted dynamic images together and had realized embodiment of those images.