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This paper focuses on adjectivo-adverbial modifications in Korean such as ‘gingeup 긴급 pagyeonhada파견하다 (dispatch urgently or make an urgent dispatch)’, and ‘eomjung 엄중 hangeuihada항의하다 (protest strictly or make a strict protest)’. In order to solve these problematics related to conversion of parts of speech, it is necessary to elucidate the nature of the construction ‘X-hada’. It is also important to know what is its correlation with the construction ‘X-leul hada’. We analyze the construction ‘X-hada’ as a syntactic combination of predicative noun X and support verb hada, which is lexicalized as a verbal unit. And the construction ‘X-leul hada’ is analyzed as a syntactic construction inserted by the delimiter/determiner ‘leul’. Consequently we argue that the so-called root or adnominal noun gingeup 긴급, eomjung 엄중 should be redefined as adjectives, at least ‘adjectival nouns’ so as to account for the ambiguity of both adjective-noun modification ‘eomjung 엄중 hangeui항의’ and adverb-verb modification ‘eomjung 엄중 hangeuihada항의하다’ through the universality of the conversion of adjectives into adverbs.

This study insisted that Korean language education for foreigners should have hierarchy in consideration of the form, meaning and language use for more systematic Korean grammar education. The reason why it needs to work on fundamental form selection and hierarchy for grammar with identical forms is in order to establish an educational grammar system for foreign learners whose language formation and acquirement process is different from that of native speakers. The goal of language education is to produce maximum learning results in the minimum time. To meet this goal, it is inappropriate to apply the school grammar for native speakers directly to foreign learners. Thus, in order to hierarchize grammatical forms including ‘-겠-’, it is required to find various forms with ‘-겠-’ by not being limited to the meaning of a tense morpheme, but expanding it to grammatical forms including ‘-겠-’. For this study, it first needs to classify the meanings of the forms, and then the meanings in different use circumstances. Circumstantial meanings appear in the relations with contextual elements. Therefore, as a solution, this study grasped grammatical forms including ‘-겠-’ in terms of foreign learners' language use by adopting a concrete research method using the corpus. In addition, by introducing a learning model based on this method, this study searched for effective teaching plans for grammatical forms including ‘-겠-’.

The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) To make Korean listening textbooks reflecting the characteristics of spoken language; 2) To show how effective they are in teaching listening parts. Considering current published Korean listening textbooks, they have never provided the characteristics of spoken language. Focused on only grammar and vocabulary with written style, the current published listening textbooks have never indicated the features of spoken language. Taking account of such circumstances it is no doubt that learners have difficulties understanding colloquial speech. Therefore this study examined the features of spoken language in terms of phonological, syntactic, lexical, and pragmatic. In addition, it looked into listening textbooks which have been used in class to see if they represent the characteristics. Research of the features of spoken language was conducted with 17 learners who were taught with the textbooks I created, including the characteristics of the spoken language for a month. The learners who were taught with the materials reflected the features got higher grades as well as got more confidence in listening colloquial speech than those who were taught with current published materials which are not involved in the characteristics. Consequently, the findings could verify the positive effects of colloquial education in teaching listening sections.

The purpose of this article is to study the sound of the reception of Chinese Character ‘良’ in the Ancient Korean period. ‘良’ as a reception of Chinese Character has been treated that its sound and fuction are same on the Hyangchal(鄕札), Kugyol(口訣) and Idu(吏讀). Especially, the sound of ‘良’ has been understood [ɑ/ə] because it is [ɑ/ə] on the Idu(吏讀) at the latter term of Joseon(朝鮮). However, it must be a mistake that the sound of ‘良’ in the Ancient Korean period is [ɑ/ə]. Because the sound of ‘良’ in the Ancient Korean land name is [ra] not [ɑ/ə]. In order to do this, we criticize the preceding research for the sound of ‘良’ in the Hyangchal(鄕札) and have a thorough grasp of the problem. Also we tried to proof the sound of ‘良’ is [ra/rə] in the Ancient Korean land-name, comparing with some examples which have character ‘良’. Meanwhile, to get universality about ‘良’, we investigate sound of the ‘良’ in the Ancient japanese and we found some examples that say the sound of ‘良’ is [ra/rə]. Furthermore, to proof that, we show some Altai languages. The facts we discussed above show that the sound of ‘良’ is [ra/rə] in Ancient Korean period and the sound as been changed.

<Ga-shi-ree(Would-you-go?)> is composed of totally 4 stanzas as a Goryeo Dynasty-fashioned ballad with its anonymous author and unknown written age. In a general viewpoint of its contents, this folk-song-toned ballad is acknowledged as the farewell song tantalized by a cherished lover on the parting day and thus it has something to do with <Arirang>. There is a totally or partially recorded the scripts on 『Ak-jang-ga-sa (Lyric words in music chapters)』, 『Ak-hak-Pyeon-go (The Cantos in Musicology)』and 『Shi-yong-hyang-ak-bo (Current-using Folk-song Notes)』 In 〈Ga-shi-ree〉, there revealed a naive sympathy not to let the lover go, but there did not appear the reason why they had to be separated between the lover-to-go and the person concerned under what kinds of circumstances. In this sense, there has seemed no study up to now, so that this dissertation is trying to approach the illuminative elucidation of the literary source through its historical imaginative power explicating an actual link of the concrete history on the basis of 〈Weon-sa (grudge-related messages).〉 Furthermore, this study has an attempt to analyze its circumstances to grasp the literary groups in the historical, social and cultural viewpoints. In this view, when it comes to a prolonged scrutiny into most variously discussed annotation of lyrical words, it can be considerably pointed out as 4 essential phrases of ‘Ga-shi-ree, Ga-shi-ree-it-go’ (Would you go, would you choose to go)〉, ‘Seon-ha-myeon, ah-ni-olse-ra’(If (you are) sorry, (you) won't (will not) come), ‘Seol-on-nym’ (Oh my Lamentful Dearest) and ‘We-zeung-zeul-ka Dae-pyeongseong-dae’ (Tra-la-la, Tweedle-dee-dee, the great peaceful reign.) Among these examples, ‘Seon-ha-myeon, ah-ni-ol-se-ra’ (If sorry, won't come) and ‘Seol-on-nym’ (Oh my Lamentful Dearest) are excluded here because they are in almost same opinions as the pre-existed academic opinions. But especially in ‘Ga-shi-ree, Ga-shi-ree-it-go’ (Would you go, would you choose to go)〉, the Korean keyword of ‘go’ verb is referred as English verb ‘to go’ in coherent opinions with its connotation of ‘to leave’ and ‘to return’. In this study, the meaning of ‘retro (come back)’ is inferred as ‘return’ in reference to the retro meaning of ‘Gwi-ho-gok’ (Song of return invocation) at the ‘Gwi-ho-gok sok-ching’, ‘Ga-shi-ree Pyeong-jo’ (So-called commentary chapter of Ga-shi-ree's tone) in 『Shiyong-hyang-ak-bo (Current-using Folk-song Notes)』and it is also estimated to the retro meaning of ‘return’ in accordance with the opinion of ‘return-related meaning’ from the tale of Kim-yu-shin and Cheon-gwan-nyeo which a ‘Hwa-rang’(a member of the valiant youth group in Shilla) made a breakthrough of adolescent passion of love. In Goryeo Dynasty, there was a youth group named ‘Seon-rang’ which was originated from the above Hwa-rang in Shilla Dynasty and its members were in adolescence in their age. Most of adolescents in their youthhood studied hard away from their home and aimed to pass the nationally state-run examination, so that they were inevitable to separate their wandering emotion of affection from their lovers. We can believe in the following ‘conjecture’ on their parting day, through the female narrator like a Cheon-gwan-nyeo who was commonly sympathized and related psychologically made the 〈Ga-shi-ree〉 ballad with 4 stanzas her lyric passage of consolation in a tantalizing moment with her lover. Moreover, in this suggestive conjecture, this ballad could be popularized by the adolescence and in the phrase of ‘We-zeung-zeul-ka Dae-pyeong-seong-dae’ (Tra-la-la, Tweedle-dee -dee, the great peaceful reign), the ‘We-zeung-zeul-ka’ could be agreed with the previous opinions as an exclamation and onomatopoeic word, but in Dae-pyeong-seong-dae, (the great peaceful reign) could be thought as a demagogic catch-phrase with the psychological purpose of hoping the national prosperity and the welfare of the people by the official-applicant adolescents through the nationally state-run examination. In addition to this, it could be inferred that our long time passing beliefs of Korean traditional sentiment, when we are in the earnest hope for the rain, wind, sunshine and the like, our singing a song would be possible to change natural phenomena. Further, if the ‘Ga-shi-ree’ could be sung as a folk song, it would be a pop-song in that age. And we could also infer that it could get more popularized by the enlarged literary class as the concerned people who experienced through the contents of lyrical words. The attempt in this study set store upon revealing of the hidden reason depending upon creation background of the work rather than revealing the consequent validity of its interpretation, since the various results can appear depending on the differences of viewpoints and approaching ways in the interpretation of the work.

This article makes comparative study of traditional meters of Korea and Japan. Every people has its own poetry and the meter is the foundation of the emotion and an aesthetic sense that the poetry expresses. Therefore the meter of the poetry is the most important than any others. As a consequence of the study of Korean and Japanese meters, we found that they began with the rivival of Sijo in Korea and Waka in Japan in parallel. There was a difference in Korean and Japanese meters. Korean poetry was characterized by the fact that the number of syllables can change by the theory of feet, while Japanese poetry was characterized by the fact that the number of syllables in its seven syllables phrase and five syllables can not be changed. This difference was revealed as it is in Korea and Japan poetries. Korean poetry shows various foot patterns through the change of number of syllables inside the feet. The three syllables foot can be changed in many different ways and it became the representative of the foot of Korean poetry. But in Japanese poetry, the rest syllables in the fixed eight syllables phrase plays important role. It still remains in question whether seven-five rhythm in Japanese poetry came from Korean poetry or not. However this seven-five rhythm can be partitioned into three-four-five or four-three-five rhythm in Korean poetry but fixed in Japanese poetry. The seven-five rhythm in Japanese poetry is extremely beautiful and cheerful and the representative of Japanese meters.

This study examined two methods to reproduce others through two animations 〈Baby Dinosaur Dooly〉 and 〈Sad Homage to Dooly〉. Today, Korean society is transforming itself into a multi-cultural society at a rapid pace. Mass media today conceal various discriminations and prejudices minorities in Korean society experience rather than revealing them. On the other hand, media also recreates minorities as subjects reflecting “our” desires. Under these circumstances, two animations whose subject material is Dooly show us meaningful methods to look at others. 〈Dooly〉 shows the way others overthrow subjects by taking responsibility and existing together. This is attained through fantasy which has some distance from reality. It is not a mere escape from reality but the overcome of suppressed reality in various times and spaces of fantasy and the pursuit of free spirit. 〈Homage〉 shows by granting 20 years to Dooly and his friends that coexisting and taking responsibility with others is not real. What is noted in 〈Homage〉 is that those who we believe belong to our family or “we” are virtually others. When looking them objectively with no fantasy, the truth of life can be seen. The two methods to look at others present important suggestions in pursuing cultural diversity in a multi-cultural society.

This article inquired into Jong Jik Kim's 〈Hwa Doyeonmyeong Sooljoosi〉 which was composed in response to Yeon Myeon Doh's 〈Sooljoosi〉. Through that, I looked into Jong Jik Kim's attitude of respecting Yeon Myeon Doh and how his attitude differs on Yeon Myeon Doh, who proposed a model of hidden from the world in a poetical circle continued from Goryeo to Joseon era. Also, this article inquired into the fact that a work made by Jong Jik Kim's recognition of history and consciousness as a scholar based on Confucian ideas is 〈Solljoosi〉. The perspective of Jong Jik Kim respecting Yeon Myeon Doh has a perspective of hidden from the world, which intented to return to suburbs as seen from existing poetical circle, but also, it could be known that it was in natural intention of Jong Jik Kim, who had Confucian ideas as his lifelong bases and strived to educate local customs to model after Yeon Myeon Doh's ideas on integrity, honor and loyalty and recover the truth.

All works of art finish implementation of the subject by the act that porcelain including recognition of guilt conscience is analytic in addition to guilt conscience. You include in the body through recurrences of an act of human groups in the human semiotic or semantics world, and you will find meaning of the existence. The Ojeonghui novels which looked into this study's 「Sacrifice (燔 祭)」 an element of search regarding human origin and sincerity substance appears. Restriction will get out from nothing indigestion original sins at guilt conscience called embryo killing the that it is a main character. You will die with the that it is a narrator in order to get out from the original sin consciousness or mother estranged, and you attempt a child as identity. You are found oneself that the moment batter that though finds finally out the substance has become a superego in processes of identity. Though you are detailed, you make look to scopes of the existence not the one's sphere of by abstraction of the indistinct inside that you already establish, and you select a few symbols instead of true explanations if you use metaphor as change atmosphere, and make instead of objective interpretation, and was hidden own novel world not being as contrast with actuality to true dimensions and interpretation instead of clear descriptions in the sides in another processes. There is to the space which you are fixed in order to observe or the narrator for that kind of a reason was locked space. That is, the characters look up the world that a space of the prohibition that seems to be an underground or the hospital which is a place which do not reveal by any means out from the other was stopped even if observe the other. We will look up the root of severance with the self and the world at him. The existence built over in the gap of a boundary of life and a death, as an instantaneous flying spurious sleeping pill handing over confirmed new → mummy → exceeds a wet bird→ bird flying of window frame → old of a female shaman → corrupt lump of meat, and you lie on a bed, and you close your eyes. And for along time waving finds the marine ‘or’ which you cross, as see one head of young sheep which will die, and have washed repeatedly a hand. 「Sacrifice (燔祭)」 a main character is not a person to get used to seeing us. The feminine life that it is familiar with us that this person approached so as to be strange is as is not. It is to be an escape method from the regular suppression that you expose to insanity called embryo killing, or aggressive feminine selective writer detailed throwing eyes of greed to the men who are not a woman getting from eyes of greed would look up in order to take back own identity. Union of a visual already color image brought expansion of a sensibility expression, and you ensured scope of characteristic narrative discourse even if you dissolve in processes of the escape, and you can do. If you satisfy a curiosity regarding the woman who did who appeared in to a text, and it comes out, you lose a fantasy regarding the woman, and let's look up another woman, and you shall leave. As you are so, do not know whether or not you are troubled with to compulsion symptoms of wash a hand. which you take off like or which are a main character of the novel inside of were not able to throw. A fickleness to have a dream s one's love, pleasure, escape that have appeared always feminity's identity search may be the results that it is necessary of desire. Through 「Sacrifice (燔祭)」, Ojeonghui's narrative characteristics may be overthrew the surface life to have been locked to a rational language, and having would include until aspects to have done of the life that is inherent in the unconscious world.

This paper is starting with a brief look into what kind of sociocultural background made blog-novel come up. And then it is considering on characteristics and meanings of a blog-novel, particularly focusing on Park Bum Sin’s Cholache and Hwang Suk Young’s Gebobbaragibyul’. Blog was appeared around 2001 in Korea and it was the year of 2007 when the actual form of a blog-novel had started, ‘Cholache’ was the one. We should point out that these three elements; an author, an Internet portal, and needs of a publishing company, meet one another and brought the prevalence of blog-novel. Writers have rediscovered the Internet as a new communication gateway of meeting readers under the condition which novel readers reducing every year. Reader’s existence as a prosumer is the main player of making changes on novel in the Internet days and a blog-novel is a genre which naturally appeared among netizen readers who wrote it on their blog. Blog-novel is not a writer-centered or a one-sided writing but it is a genre that reflects the interactive characteristic of Internet writings. It is a genre that had been born with a culture of reply writing. Blogers not only download the works just to read but they also use a writer’s blog as a meeting square of literature. Blog-novel includes writer’s works as well as reader’s reply writings as a literature work, so the text extends to all the blog space. The blog first started as a writer’s one-person media, but it had started linking up with another then it changed as a gigantic online community which could be a literature storage by itself. Participating in this literary net offers a reader to have an experience that he or she has never had before. New concept of novel reading in the Internet days has begun which is hard to get by reading alone. If interactivity is a new symbol of modernism, we should find the spatial meaning of a blog from there. In this paper, it analyzed some specific cases of how interactive writings and readings perform in a blog-novel. In Park Bum Sin’s ‘Cholache’, this paper took a look at the blog reading, new reading experiences, new rooms for a writer and a reader, limit of the work as a blog-novel and its cultural meaning, etc. And in Hwang, Suk Young’s ‘Gebobbaragibuyl’, this paper studied on a writer who went to a media beyond the computer, a writer and a reader facing in the blog, an imposing status of blog-novels, and so on.

The purpose of this study is to group for the possibility of multicultural fairy tales through examining the problems of current multicultural fairy tales. In order to do this, the problems of multicultural fairy tales that conventionally represent racial discrimination were examined in the second chapter. It is observed that in multicultural fairy tale, children from multicultural family are portrayed as the others, the exceptional existence in Korean society. The problems of multicultural fairy tales that recreate migrant workers as powerless and passive people were investigated in the third chapter. In that chapter, it is shown that multicultural fairy tales which cling to the firm dichotomy between good Koreans and bad Koreans are failing to portrait foreign migrant workers as people who can make critical judgments and act autonomously. In this regards, it is estimated that current multicultural fairy tales only reproduce the specific situations which the subjects of multiculture are in. Therefore, in order to overcome theses limitations, researches with narration strategies and methods in terms of which we can represent the specific situations which the subjects of multiculture as the common problems in Korean society are actively conducted.

Recently our culture and literature spread out ‘faction’, among the rest ‘Historical- Mystery’ look better. That is the third reason for faction trend. First, a change of history direction flow post-modern and microscopic analysis. And that many public history books are printed or plenty of history dramas and cinemas are maid by clture area. Second it finds inspiration from faction trend of England and U.S.A. Third clture area increase concern about mystery-narrative. Lee jung-myung and Kim da-eun's novels distinguish the third tendency. Two novels are historical- mystery that concerned about murders realated to King Sejong as hero as and Hanguel. Also there show enlightenment, roman and new nationalism.

Seoul is the ideology of the 1960s, the country's modernization, realizing the hallway of the season in earnest. Modernization is the modernization of the country outside of the inferiority, falling behind, such as a bad image to be luxuriously discourse operates as a constant discrimination and exclusion. This is the panjachon space to be an unauthorized demolition of houses and buildings meant konkeuri update. Seoul's space will be reorganized under the name of the modern upper, steric, extended that stove. It is spectacular images of the body were to be implemented in the exhibition. Park Chung-hee's military regime is their numbers and economic achievements of modern space-qualified through a spectacular propaganda, but it has enormous sacrifice and harsh reality was hiding. Writers ideology in the 1960s to modernize the country hidden in the darkness of the Seoul tipped a lot of effort to try to materialize. Street, overpass, underground passage, coffee shop, apartment, theater, unlicensed shack, modern house and other cultural space, utilizing in Seoul revealed the nature of space you wish to implement. Seoul's overall space than in the '50s higher stories, commercialization, occidentalization.