Earticle

This study uses expert analysis as a method of research to identify the value of hanok in rural landscapes. To do so, the study conducted the Delphi method and the AHP survey twice. First, the Delphi method was used on experts who have either studied rural landscape, regional development, hanok or have adequate knowledge in such areas, concerning the definiton of sustainable rural landscapes, the role of hanok in rural landscapes, the problems rural hanoks face, and the preservation and utilzation of rural hanok. Based on this, the AHP survey was conducted. The survey results showed that sustainable rural landscapes are 'landscapes in which the transformation proces coexists from traditonal to modern times.' The role of the rural hanok was shown to be 'the forming of landscapes that expres the historical flow of the vilage.' In the subsequent survey of rural landscapes, the order of import limitationance of hanok was regionality, historicity, harmoniousnes, eco-friendlines and familarity. However, a may be that this study is based on expert opinion which may not be regarded as universal. Therefore, future research on the basis of this study wil have to be conducted in a way to identify the value of hanok in rural landscapes from the perspective of various groups.

The increase in housing energy costs due to deteriorated rural house is directly related to the quality of life of rural residents, which is fundamental challenge for the government. In this study, we analyzed the current energy performance and the effect of housing energy efficiency improvement after remodeling of the four rural houses over 20 years old considering the rural housing type. As the result, the heating energy requirements of the unit surface is very high, and the effect was predicted to vary by housing after improved thermal insulation. This means that the cost of housing energy will be utilized as a target selection criterion or post-effect for the rural house remodeling project. In addition, the energy performance was analyze for the compact houses, which are in demand, mainly for young rural immigrants. As the result, the energy performance is very efficient.

This study aimed to develop a mobile separating and sorting device for discharge sites to separate and sort mixed construction waste generated in small and medium scale in small provincial cities into inorganic materials and combustible materials. The study results can be summarized as follows: 1) As a result of analyzing the existing domestic technology for the separating and sorting mixed construction waste, a device sorting the waste by fusing the vibration screen, disc screen, air blowing methods and the separating and sorting the combustible waste is applied in Korea. 2) In foreign countries, the air blowing, screen, gravity sorters are used for separating and sorting combustible waste in the same way as in Korea. Especially German T Company suggests a construction waste separating and sorting system using an optical sorter. 3) As for the test device for separating and sorting mixed construction waste to be buried in landfill, the processing capacity was set as 16 tons per day. 4) For separating and sorting inorganic materials by granularity, this study set a trommel with two types of diameter as a basic. To operate the mobile all-in-one system, the device is designed to locate a conveyor, a combustible waste conveying device, inside of the trommel. 5) The device is designed in a mobile mode under the concept of primary separating and sorting device, and it can be transported using a 2.5-ton truck minimum. The diameter and length of the trommel are designed to be within 1500mm and 3000mm, respectively. In a further study, an optimized separating and sorting technology is planned to be presented through an experimental study for processing efficiency analysis at the mixed construction waste site by manufacturing the pilot experiment facility reflecting the design elements in the result of this study.

This study is to derive the types of displacement and damage that occur in wooden architecture cultural assets. Although the wooden architectural cultural assets are being repaired through continuous maintenance, secondary problems frequently occur. This is because the root cause of the problem has yet to be solved. The types of displacement and damage that occur in the wooden architecture cultural asset are classified into three parts: the foundation section, the gagu section, and the roof section. In turn, the three main factors that lead to displacement and damages are the structures’ load impact, the durability deterioration, and the imbalance. Load impact is a phenomenon in which the member is subjected to a load that causes deformation or cracks. Durability decline is a natural phenomenon that reduces the performance of lumber as a result of check shake, termite damage, and decay. The imbalance is a condition in which the lumber is twisted and the force balance is lost, due to either drying shrinkage or displacement of the gagu section.

Woolyang(月梁) is a beam which whole shape is curved like a so-called moon(月). According to the 《Yeongjobeosig(營造法 式)》, In the case of beams installed under the ceiling of a wooden building, it is used by manufacturing them in Woolyang(月梁) for maximum visual decorative effects as the shape is exposed. In order to achieve the end of a beam that is manufacturing in Woolyang(月梁), it is important to process it in a suitable size and shape for a given situation to achieve a combination with other members around it. However, in the 󰡔營造法式󰡕, the standard of production of the Woolyang(月梁) is divided into Myeongbog(明栿), Chagyeon(箚牽), Pyeonglyang(平梁), and the height of each beam head is divided into 21分°, 15分°, 25分°, but it is not possible to look at any more specific reference. In this paper, try to consider the principle of Woolyang(月梁) manufacturing and its normative contents which were indirectly proposed in the 《Yeongjobeosig(營造法式)》.

The purpose of this study is to understand whether the architecture of the mountain village conforms to the geography and local landscape, and become a unique scenic element. Also, the study is to grasp the status of the village landscape design elements. The methods and contents of the study were surveyed by field research with references in Biederbach community, an isolated mountain village in Southwestern Germany. The time frame for the survey research is July 2015. The contents of the study include the analysis of the village's landscape structure, architecture, and landscape design patterns. The following conclusions were reached through the above research process. First, the village landscape structure seen in the mid-distance view is the hilly scene of the alpine region, which houses the sloping terrain of Black Forest and surrounds the residential area with the grassland covered by the Black Forest. Second, the main elements of the town's landscape building are historical culture, traditional architecture, topology and nature, and artificial environmental design. Third, the landscape design utilizing the village's resources creates a sustainable community's residential environment.

This study is on the practice and limitation of the environment improvement project in the delinquent residential areas implemented as part of the urban restoration project that this study was carried out with the subject of the Saeddeul Village Project in Balhan Dongmunsan District of Donghae City that is implemented as part of resident-participating urban rehabilitation that has emerged as a socially important issue. In particular, at a time the issues of increasing senior population and poverty resulted thereof have surfaced in the society that this study has taken a look at the characteristics in the planning and practice process in the Saeddeul Village Project area for the purpose of improving the mental health. In the planning process and practice process, those human-care project and resident competency strengthening projects, together with physical environment improvement, are implemented, and the contents implemented by respective project are purported to establish the community identity through voluntary participation of local residents together with the environment improvement of the villages on the basis of resident participation as well as leading the economic independence by the village with its own discretion. However, the limitations in the practice process and exposure of problems that may be experienced in the field have made difficulties in such approach and provokes the difficulties of project performance depending on the conflicts in community constituents. Under such a relationship, it is required to have the endeavors to facilitate the community and solution of issued, and this study presents the need of access for revitalizing the regional welfare system.

Dramatic increase of population migrating from suburban area to metropolitan area which started in 1990s resulted in the increase of aging population among this area. Centralized population also causes decreased number of students in suburban areas which in turn affects environmental facilities such as school and brings social issue. Additionally, compared to the alternative analysis and data regarding internal spatial arrangement of high school, there are not enough data or information on external spatial arrangement and how to construct such space. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to provide fundamental data which can be used as a reference in improving educational environment of suburban high school by analyzing and investigating various factors including location, accessibility, facility status, and external spatial arrangement based on arrangement type of 8 normal high schools located across Jeju Island where the trend of decreasing number of students is prominent. Following is the result of such investigation. Despite the fact that high schools from suburban areas in Jeju Island possess diversity based on local characteristic, construction of external space is rather inconsistent as the plans regarding external space is not organized. Therefore, there is a need for preparing external spaces appropriate for each school based on the number of students and the characteristic of gymnasium.

The purpose of this study is to provide the conservation management direction about cultural landscape of the traditional villages in the area of Huizhou through the importance-performance analysis. The results of the survey on the importance - performance of 261 people who had many visits to various cultural landscapes of Huizhou villages such as Hongchun, Sidichun etc. are as follows. It was appeared that the item of ‘good air’ is the highest level of importance and satisfaction and is best condition. The item of ‘ historical conservation’ is the high level of importance, but the level of satisfaction is low, so continuous improvement is necessary. The item of 'Old garden conservation' has high satisfaction but low importance, so it needs to improve its importance through subsequent improvement. The item of 'Keeping of old cemetary and old tower' has low importance and satisfaction but it is above average, so continuous maintenance is needed. The items of 'Preservation of stone gate' and 'Preservation of famous man’s birth house' all have slightly higher satisfaction and lower importance. Both items are highly satisfied with their importance, so they should avoid excessive efforts and maintain the present status. Satisfaction with the item of 'water environment and water quality' was the lowest, and the problem of the present condition is the most serious, and a major improvement is needed. The importance and satisfaction of 'Commercial development of old villages' was the lowest among all items. This item is causing serious problems and should provide an overall improvement way to drastically improve the importance and satisfaction. Concentration is necessary to improve the environment of the whole villages, to protect the ecological plants and animals in old villages, to transfer and improve the culture of old villages, to maintain sustainability of the villages, and to protect old temple and old rock in old villages. As the level of satisfaction with sustainability is the lowest in the part of ‘Concentrate here’, there is a great concern about sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on sustainability and concentrate on sustainable development.

In this study, we classified and analyzed the type and cause of resident conflicts and made a solution at side of resident through resident survey study for research subjects located at photovoltaic system will be installed or not. The factors of resident conflicts based on news media release from 2006 to 2018 were classified to four types such as economic, environmental, technological and procedural factors. According to the news analysis, the types and proportion of resident conflicts in the photovoltaic system projects showed 33% of economic factors, 32% of environmental factor, 21% of technological factor and 14% of procedural factor. This news analysis may suggest that it is very important residents to share the economic benefits as well as to ensure the fairness of the procedures for carrying out the project based on transparent information disclosure during the business promotion and profit distribution stages. We conducted the poll survey in the rural towns where photovoltaic system will be installed or not. The poll survey results showed that (i) there is quite difference in agreement rate and other recognition for sensitive matters such as profit distribution, environmental and technological factors whether photovoltaic system will be installed or not, (ii) the resident conflict regarding the photovoltaic system installation can reduce through direct involvement of residents process. To solve these resident conflicts, the local governments should mainly effort and consider the supporting technologies and consults to solve clearly resident conflicts. In addition, it has to advertise the safety of photovoltaic systems regarding electromagnetic wave which were within the range of scientifically harmless to the human body.