Earticle

건축학 핵심 역량을 강화하기 위해서는 교과목을 실무 위주로 개편해야할 뿐 만 아니라 건축학 교육 인증 에서 요구하는 다양한 역량들을 함양할 수 있도록 여러 가지 비교과 프로그램을 개발하고 학생들에게 제공하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 D 대학에서 구축한 역량 기반 교과-비교과 융합교육시스템에 대해 살펴봄으로써 학생들의 자 발적인 비교과 활동 참여율을 높이고 궁극적으로 대학에서 비교과 교육을 활성화하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 또 한 건축학 전공 재학생과 지역의 건축 설계사 대표들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 비교과 활동이 건축학 교육 과 학생의 진로에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 대학의 융합교육시스템은 학생들이 비교과 활동에 적극 참여하게 하 였고, 건축학 학습역량에도 크게 기여하는 것으로 나타났으며, 설문조사 결과 공모전 참여와 자격증 취득 프로그램 과 같이 창의성 역량 함양 비교과 활동이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

In order to strengthen the core competencies of architecture, not only the curriculum should be reorganized practically, but also various extracurricular activities should be developed so that they cultivate various competencies required for architecture accreditation. In this paper, by surveying competency-based curriculum-extracurricular activities convergence educational system established in D university, strategy to increase students' participation in extracurricular activities is proposed. As a result of the questionnaire survey of the students and representatives of the local architectural designers, the programs to enhance student’s creativity, such as contest participation and license certification program, were found to be the most effective extracurricular activities which help to develop the learning capability in architect as well.

글로벌하게 경제통합이 심화되는 상황에서 다국적기업의 해외자회사는 더 이상 모기업에 종속된 역할에 그치지 않고 다국적기업 네트워크의 자원과 관계를 활용한 성과 실현의 주체가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다국적기업 자회사의 내부 및 외부 배태성이 자회사의 경영성과에 어떤 영향을 미치고 또한 이런 영향이 어떤 메커니즘을 통해 이루어지는지에 대한 의문을 규명하고자 하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 데이터는 중국에 진출한 다국적기업 자회사의 최고경영자 389명으로부터 온라인으로 설문조사 방식으로 수집하였다. 다변량 회귀분석의 결과 내부 및 외부 배태성은 혁신능력, 학습역량 및 경영성과와 긍정적인 관련이 있었다. 그리고 혁신능력은 이중배태성과 경영성과 사이의 관계를 매개하였고, 학습역량은 이중배태성과 경영성과 사이의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다.

In the context of the deepening global economic integration, the overseas subsidiaries of multinational enterprises are no longer just subordinate roles attached to the parent company but rather main contributors to performance, utilizing resources and relationships within the network of multinational enterprises. Thus, the research questions that arise are: how does dual embeddedness impact subsidiary performance and how do innovating capability and organizational learning mediate the relationship between dual embeddedness and subsidiary performance. To address these research questions, empirical data are collected online from 389 top managers in multinational subsidiaries in China. Multivariate regression analysis indicates that internal and external embeddedness are significantly positively related to innovation capability, organizational learning and subsidiary performance. Subsidiary innovation capability mediates the relationship between dual embeddedness and subsidiary performance. Organizational learning also mediates the relationship between dual embeddedness and subsidiary performance.

지식경제사회에서는 지식근로자가 기업에 있어서 가장 중요한 자산이다. 종업원 교 육은 기업의 생산성을 향상시키는 효과적인 방법으로서 급속히 변화하는 작업 환경에 서는 중요한 역할을 한다. 비용 절감, 교육 시간의 유연한 활용, 공간적 격리의 극복 등의 장점이 있는 이러닝에 대한 투자가 증대하고 있으나 기대한 만큼 효익을 얻지 못하고 있다. 교수자와 학습자가 물리적으로 격리되어 있는 이러닝에서 자기조절학습 (SRL)의 역할은 크다. 그러나 자기조절학습 역량이 있다고 해서 이러닝의 성과가 반 드시 향상되는 것은 아니다. 본 연구는 SRL전략과 전략실행 수단인 미래목표, 가상 역량, 조직학습 역량 간의 적합성이 있으면 이러닝의 성과가 향상되는지를 알아보았 다. SRL전략이 이러닝 성과에 미치는 효과를 분석한 결과 ‘사회적 SRL전략과 만족도 '와 ‘개인적 SRL전략과 스킬 개발'의 두 가지가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 반면 ‘사회적 SRL전략과 스킬 개발'와 ‘개인적 SRL전략과 만족도 향상'은 통계적 지지를 받지 못 하였다. 내재적 미래목표는 사회적 SRL전략과 이러닝의 성과(만족도 향상, 스킬 개 발)간의 관계를 조절하는 역할을 하고 외재적 미래목표는 개인적 SRL전략과 이러닝 의 성과(만족도 향상, 스킬 개발)간의 관계를 조절하는 역할을 한다. 개인적 SRL전략 과 가상 역량의 상호작용 효과와 사회적 SRL전략과 가상 역량의 상호작용 효과는 유 의하였다. 조직학습역량은 사회적 SRL전략과 이러닝의 성과 간의 관계에 조절 역할 을 하는 것으로 증명이 되었고 개인적 SRL전략과 이러닝의 성과 간의 관계에서는 조 절 역할이 통계적으로 유의미한 수준이 아니었다.

A knowledge-based society, as we have today, makes knowledge most valuable asset in companies. Environmental turbulence requires management to explore new knowledge and exploit existing knowledge rapidly. For training and educating employees to acquire fast-growing knowledge, companies invest more in e-Learning. Self-regulated learner plays a pivotal role in e-Learning setting, supported with future goal, virtual competence, organizational learning capability. The purpose of this study identifies the relationships between self-regulated learning(SRL) and e-Learning outcome, with the moderating effect of future goal, virtual competence, organizational learning capability. Major findings are as follows. First, social SRL strategy influences positively learner's satisfaction and personal SRL strategy influences positively learner's skill development. Second, intrinsic future goal moderates the relationship between social SRL strategy and e-Learning outcome(both satisfaction and skill development), while extrinsic future goal moderates the relationship between personal SRL strategy and e-Learning outcome(both satisfaction and skill development). Third, virtual competence moderates the relationship between social SRL strategy and e-Learning outcome, and the relationship between personal SRL strategy and e-Learning outcome(both satisfaction and skill development). Fourth, organizational learning capability moderates the relationship between social SRL strategy and e-Learning outcome, while does not moderate the relationship between personal SRL strategy and e-Learning outcome.

본 연구는 급변하는 경영환경에 빠르게 적응하기 위한 지속적인 지식창출이 요구되는 창조경제시대에서 수출벤처기업을 대상으로 학습능력, 지식창출, 기술사업화 및 수출성과간의 관계를 밝혔다. 기업의 학습능력, 지식창출 및 기술사업화에 관한 기존 실증연구를 토대로 학습능력과 지식창출간의 관계, 학습능력과 기술사업화간의 관계, 지식창출과 기술사업화간의 관계와 기술사업화와 수출성과간의 관계를 연구가설로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 수출벤처기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 활용하여 연구가설 검정에 필요한 자료를 수집하였고, 최종 102개 설문지가 회수되었으며, 연구가설 검정방법으로 PLS분석방법을 활용하였다. 본 연구에서 지식창출은 1차 구성개념인 사회화, 외부화, 결합화 및 내면화로 구성된 2차 구성개념이다. 본 연구의 실증분석결과에서 수출벤처기업의 학습능력은 지식창출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 지식창출은 기술사업화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 학습능력은 기술사업화에 직접적으로 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기술사업화는 수출성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

This study empirically examines the effects of learning capability, technology commercialization, and knowledge creation on the performance of export venture companies. In particular, this study attempts to analyze knowledge creation that may influence technology commercialization. The development of the research model takes on a SECI (socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization) model and is based on empirical studies on learning capability, technology commercialization, and knowledge creation. This study uses a partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model to test the hypotheses in a sample of 102 export venture companies. The results show that the learning capability of an export venture company has a significant positive impact on the company’s knowledge creation and technology commercialization. The study also finds evidence that an export venture company’s knowledge creation directly affects its technology commercialization. In addition, the findings indicate that technology commercialization has a significant positive influence on a company’s export performance. The results contribute to a better understanding of the context in which knowledge creation represents a specific capability for export venture companies. Implications and suggestions for export venture companies are included.

본 연구는 경쟁전략, 지식경영전략, 외부학습역량 간의 적합성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 전략실천수단의 전략적 적합성이 경영에 미치는 중요성을 제안하였다. 주 연구대상은 경쟁전략, 지식경영전략, 외부학습역량들이 개별적으로 경영성과에 미치는 영향이 아니고 두 변수 간의 적합성이 경영 성과에 미치는 영향이다. 본 연구는 경쟁전략은 Miles and Snow의 전략유형을 이용하고, 지식경영전략은 활용형과 탐험형으로 분류하였으며 조직학습역량 중 외부학습역량을 변수로 택하여 지식서비스산업의 지식담당 전문경영인으로부터 회수한 134부의 설문지를 토대로 한 실태조사연구이다. 공격형 경쟁전략을 채택한 기업이 탐험형 지식경영전략을 채택하면 활용형 지식경영전략을 채택하는 경우보다 경영 성과가 더 높았다. 공격형 경쟁전략을 추구하는 기업은 외부환경과의 상호작용과 외부지식 응용경험에서 모두 유의적인 양의 상관계수를 보였다. 탐험형 지식경영전략을 추구하는 기업이 활용형 지식경영전략을 추구하는 기업보다 외부학습역량과 경영 성과 간의 상관계수가 높다. 본 연구는 기업의 경영 성과에 영향을 미치는 다수의 요인들을 동시에 고려하여 컨틴젼시 이론의 한계를 부분적으로 극복하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

The purpose of this study identifies the relationships between competitive strategy, knowledge management strategy and external learning capability, and suggest the implications of strategic fit or alignment. This study is to examine the impact of the fit between them on business performance. Our research data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 112 listed manufacturing companies in Korea. Miles and Snow's typology is adopted as competitive strategy and knowledge management strategy is classified into exploration and exploitation. Organizational learning capability is focused on external learning capability. Firms adopting exploratory knowledge management strategy are more fitted with prospectors of competitive strategy than defenders of competitive strategy, and the fit has a positive effect on business performance. Prospectors of competitive strategy have more external learning capability (both interaction with external environment and experience) than defenders of competitive strategy. Firms adopting exploratory knowledge management strategy have more positive effect of external learning capability on business performance than firms adopting exploratory knowledge management strategy do. These results contribute to overcoming the limitation of contingency approach by including fit between strategy and strategic tools.

창업 직후부터 나름대로의 성과를 달성하고 나아가 세계 시장에서 두각을 나타내고 있는 벤처기업의 수가 최근 들어 증가하고 있다. 이러한 현실적인 흐름과 관련하여 1990년대 중반부터 국제신규벤처에 관한 연구가 본격적으로 진행되면서 지금까지 벤처기업의 국외 진출 동인, 과정, 그리고 성과에 대해서는 상당한 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 하지만, 공격적인 국외 진출이 이루어진 이후, 벤처기업의 조직 및 전략 변화 양상과 경영성과의 개선 여부에 대하여 추적하는 연구는 아직까지 거의 수행되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 벤처기업의 글로벌화, 즉 “창업 직후 국외 진출을 시작한 이래로 벤처기업이 글로벌 경쟁에서 나름대로의 시장 지위를 구축하고 이를 유지시켜 나가기 위해서는 어떠한 변화와 재구축의 과정을 거쳐야 하는가?”하는 물음에 대한 답을 찾고자 탐색적 연구를 수행하였다. 글로벌 모바일 게임 벤처기업인 컴투스에 관한 사례 연구 결과에 따르면, 공격적인 글로벌화 추진으로 성장통에 직면한 벤처기업의 경우에 창업가의 기업가적 학습과 조직역량을 재구축하는 과정을 통해 이를 극복할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The number of start-ups which have accelerated their speed of internationalization, come to the front of competitive global market, and accepted management practices for more globalized business has been increasing. With reference to this conspicuous phenomenon, a lot of researches have been conducted to uncover drivers, processes, and performance of venture internationalization since mid 1990s. While studies relevant to the traditional subject of venture internationalization have been persisted, few researchers have investigated (ⅰ) whether there were problems in strategy and organization of a focal venture after its aggressive internationalization, (ⅱ) what caused, if any, those problems, and (ⅲ) how the venture resolved those problems originated from aggressive internationalization and global management. So, from the perspective of managing venture globalization, exploratory study to answer the question, “what types of change and reformation are necessary for venture so as to obtain and maintain its position in competitive global market?”, was conducted. According to the result of case study on com2us, it is revealed that venture faced with growing pain could utilize two organizational processes, entrepreneurial learning and capability rebuilding, in order to overcome strategic misfit by excessive presence in global market.

This study intended to exploratively depict both the influence of Environmental Turbulence, Market Orientation, and Learning Orientation of IT companies on Marketing Capability which is one of the organizational performance, and the moderating effects of Learning Orientation and Environmental Turbulence of IT companies on the relationship between Market Orientation and Marketing Capability as well as the relationship between Learning Orientation and Marketing Capability based on respective interactions among related variables. Through this study, several factors contributing to the enhancement of organizational performance such as competitor orientation, shared vision, and open-mindedness were highlighted as major ones, with the fact that competitive intensity, market and technological turbulence of environmental turbulence dimension make effects on organizational performance through interaction effect.

This study is to explore the causal relationship among the capability of school's organizational learning, teachers' attitude toward continuing education, and teachers' perception level of accountability about their educational activities. The total number of 694 school teachers working in eleven elementary schools and eleven middle schools in Seoul Metropolitan School District were involved in this study. Factor analyses, correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling were used to address the purpose of this study. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) the capability of school's organizational learning is a meaningful variable in terms of positively affecting both teacher's attitude toward continuing education and teacher's perception level of accountability about his or her educational activities. (2) teacher's attitude toward continuing education plays a crucial role as a moderator between the capability of school's organizational learning and teacher's perception level of accountability. (3) Considering the impact of the capability of school's organizational learning on teacher's perception of accountability, individual development is the most critical variable among five sub-variables of organizational learning. In case of teacher's attitude toward continuing education, intrinsic value is more critical than enjoyment and perceived importance of learning in terms of affecting teacher's perception of accountability. those variables also have more impact on ethical-justified accountability than the others. Finally, this study discussed some implications for practice and theory in the staff development education and school administration field.

본 연구는 HRD분야 기업교육 강사 6명을 자기주도학습을 통한 퍼실리테이션 역량 변화 과정을 주관적인 경험과 상호작용에 대해 인터뷰를 통해서 탐색하고자 하였다. 성 공적인 퍼실리테이터 핵심역량에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있으며, 자기주도 학습을 어떻 게 수행하고 있으며, 퍼실리테이터 역량변화 과정탐색에 대해 근거이론에 의해 분석하 였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 퍼실리테이션 핵심역량을 어떻게 하면 향상시킬 수 있을까에 대해 성찰과 변화를 통해 노력하고 자기주도학습 역량을 핵심역량이라고 판단했다. 둘째, 자 기주도학습 목표설정과 계획수립을 통해서 차별화된 생각과 실행을 위해 변화를 시도 하였고 셋째, 퍼실리테이션 역량변화과정 탐색결과는 자기성찰과 내면의 한계점을 인식 하고 어떻게 실천할 것인가에 대한 새로운 패러다임의 변화를 요구 받고 있었다. 따라 서, 기업교육 강사의 퍼실리테이터 역량을 체계적으로 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하 는데 시사점을 제시하고 효과적인 역량강화를 위해서는 현재 역량수준에 대한 인식변 화를 통해서 스스로 한계점을 극복하고 자신의 경험과 노하우를 적극적으로 소통하고 공유하는 방법을 찾아서 자기주도 학습을 어떻게 실천하는가에 따라서 좌우되고 역량 향상을 위한 교육 프로그램 개발과정에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to explore six faculty instructors in HRD in the field of facilitation through self-directed learning through interviews on subjective experiences and interactions. How to recognize successful facilitator core competencies, how to conduct self-directed learning, and to analyze facilitator competency change process by grounded theory. The results of the study were as follows: First, we tried to reflect and change how to improve the facilitation core competency and judged our self-directed learning capability as the core competency. Second, it attempted to change for differentiated thinking and execution through the goal setting and planning of self-directed learning. Third, the findings of facilitation competency change process are a new paradigm of how to recognize and practice the limitations of self-reflection and inner self. Was being asked to change. Therefore, to suggest ways to systematically improve facilitator competency of corporate education instructors, and to suggest effective implications, to overcome the limitations through self-awareness of current competency levels and to actively improve their experiences and know-how It is expected that it will depend on how to practice self-directed learning by finding a way to communicate and share and contribute to the development of educational programs for capacity improvement.

연구목적: 대량전상자 발생 시 신속하고 정확한 환자분류가 진행되어야 최대한 많은 환자를 회복시켜 전장으로 돌려보낼 수 있다. 그러나 복잡한 전투현장에서 적은 의료인력으로 대량전상자의 환자분류 를 시행하기란 임무는 과다하고 환경은 불확실하다. 따라서, 전투현장에서 의료인력을 보조하고 대체 할 수 있는 인공지능 모델에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 연구방법: 인공지능의 한 분야인 강화학습을 활용하 여 환자분류 모델을 제시한다. 모델의 학습은 무작위로 설정된 환자의 상태와 병원시설의 의료능력을 고려하여 최대 다수의 환자가 치료받을 수 있는 정책을 찾도록 진행된다. 연구결과: 강화학습 모델이 정 상적으로 학습되었음은 누적 보상 값 등을 통하여 확인하였고, 학습된 모델이 정확하게 환자를 분류하 는 것은 생존자 수를 통해 확인하였다. 또한, 규칙 기반 모델과 비교하여 성능을 검증하였으며, 강화학 습 모델이 규칙 기반 모델에 비해 약 10%만큼 더 많은 환자를 생존시킬 수 있었다. 결론: 강화학습을 이 용한 환자분류 모델은 의료인력의 대량전상자 환자분류 의사결정을 보조하고 대체하는 대안으로 활용 가능하다.

Purpose: In the event of mass casualties, triage must be done promptly and accurately so that as many patients as possible can be recovered and returned to the battlefield. However, medical personnel have received many tasks with less manpower, and the battlefield for classifying patients is too complex and uncertain. Therefore, we studied an artificial intelligence model that can assist and replace medical personnel on the battlefield. Method: The triage model is presented using reinforcement learning, a field of artificial intelligence. The learning of the model is conducted to find a policy that allows as many patients as possible to be treated, taking into account the condition of randomly set patients and the medical capability of the military hospital. Result: Whether the reinforcement learning model progressed well was confirmed through statistical graphs such as cumulative reward values. In addition, it was confirmed through the number of survivors whether the triage of the learned model was accurate. As a result of comparing the performance with the rule-based model, the reinforcement learning model was able to rescue 10% more patients than the rule-based model. Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that the triage model using reinforcement learning can be used as an alternative to assisting and replacing triage decision-making of medical personnel in the case of mass casualties.

지역아동센터는 지역사회 최일선에서 아동을 보호할 뿐 아니라 지역사회의 다양한 자원연계를 통해 아동지원 체계를 구축하여 체계적인 서비스를 제공하는 지역사회 방과 후 돌봄의 중심기관으로 발돋움하고 있다. 이제 지역아동센터가 양적으로 성장하면서 질적ㆍ체계적ㆍ전문적으로 운영하도록 요구받고 있는 것이다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구는 지역아동센터 종사자의 전문적 능력, 심리적 자본, 지속경력학습이 직무수행에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 2016년 3월 2일부터 3월 25일까지 부산ㆍ경남의 지역아동센터 총 460개소에 근무하는 시설장과 실무자를 대상으로 우편 설문을 실시하였다. 그리고 회수된 설문 가운데 성실히 응답한 550부를 최종 분석하였다. 분석결과, 지역아동센터 종사자의 직무수행에는 심리적 자본이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 시설장 집단에서는 전문적 능력을 갖출수록 직무수행도가 높아지지만 생활복지사 집단에서는 전문적 능력이 직무수행에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지역아동센터 종사자의 직무수행도를 향상시키기 위해서는 심리적 자본을 확충하는 것이 가장 선행되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로, 지역아동센터의 조직관리를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다.

Child welfare centers not only protect children at the first line of community, but also perform the tasks of systematic social service by linking the various resources of community and establishing a support system for children. Making quantitative growth, child welfare centers are faced with a request for operational systemicity and professionalism in terms of quality. This study set out to investigate the effects of professional capability, psychological capital, and career-related continuous learning on the job performance among practitioners of child welfare centers. For those purposes, the study conducted a survey by mail with those who were working for child welfare centers in Busan and Gyeongnam Province from March 2 to 25, 2016. Of the collected questionnaires, 550 whose responses were sincere were used in the final analysis. The analysis results show that psychological capital had the biggest influence on the job performance among practitioners of child welfare centers. Furthermore, in the chief of child welfare centers, the more having of professional capability, the more job performance they experienced. However, in the front-line social workers, professional capability did not affect the job performance. Those results indicate that the expansion of psychological capital should be a top priority to help the practitioners of child welfare centers improve their job performance. Based on those findings, the study offered some implications for the organizational management of child welfare centers.

이 연구는 실과 ‘목제품 만들기’ 수업에서 프로젝트 학습방법과 전통적 학습방법을 비교하여 학생들의 자기 주도적 학습 능력 미치는 효과를 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 실험연구를 하였다. 실험 집단에는 프로젝트 학습법을, 비교 집단에는 전통적인 실습법을 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하였다. 이 연구에서 밝혀진 결과를 근거로 한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 프로젝트 학습이 실험집단의 자기 주도적 학습 능력 향상에 긍정적인 효과를 미쳤다. 둘째, 프로젝트 학습이 전통적 학습에 비해 자기 주도적 학습 능력 신장에 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 자기 주도적 학습 능력의 하위 요소 중에는 프로젝트 학습을 실시한 학생이 전통적 수업을 실시한 학생보다 내재적 동기, 자율성 요소는 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 학습 기회에 대한 개방성 요소는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 초등학교 실과에서 프로젝트 학습은 전통적 학습 보다 자기 주도적 학습 능력을 향상시키는데 효과적인 것을 밝혀졌으며 특히 내재적 동기와 자율성 요소를 향상시키는데 효과적인 학습 방법이라고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of project learning on the capability of students' self-directed learning of the woodworking class in the Practical Arts subject. To achieve these goals, the sample were selected two classes of 30 students each in 6th grade in Incheon. After the pre-test of the two groups to verify, the sample populations were not a meaningful difference, the Project method has been applied for the experimental group, whereas, the traditional study method does for the controlled group. Of couse there was a pre-test to verify the effect of those study methods. To verify the result, t-test was conducted using the SPSSWIN software. The significance level was "p<.05". The conclusions based on this study are as follow; first, the study ability score of the project group students has been improved prior to the application of this program, which means it has affected positively to the students' self-directed learning. Second, the project group students have shown the more strong study ability than the controlled group which hasn't been applied for the project program. The statistical result has shown the meaningful differences, which means it has affected positively to the students' self-directed learning. Third, in the subcategories of the self-directed learning ability, the experimental group has shown the more strong effectiveness both the motivation and self-regulation. But in the field of openness of the study wasn't no meaningful differences.

On the knowledge based society is demanding for competent subjects who can create new knowledge and apply it as well as possess self-directed learning abilities. Even when it comes to instructing underachievers, changes in the systematic education program is being required. Underachievers show difference in learning ability with other students as their grade level increases and this leads to a decline in understanding about what is learned during class. Accordingly, this results in the loss of the desire to learn and is causing underachievement to become more serious. In this paper, arithmetic section was selected amongst all the other sections in an elementary mathematics textbook. In order to minimize the learning deficit of underachievers, recomposition was made with contents and stages appropriate for the instruction of underachievers to develop a self-directed learning model and implement the Scratch game program. As a result of applying the program of this study on underachievers who are in third grade of elementary school, it was analyzed that their competence of arithmetic operation was enhanced and that it also increased their level of interest about learning.

본 연구는 국내 수출벤처기업을 대상으로 수출시장지향성과 학습지향성이 기업의 혁신역량과 기업의 수출성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 관계 를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 5개의 가설을 수립하였고 국내 112개 수출벤처기업을 대상으로 PLS-SEM구조모형을 이 용한 실증분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 학습지향성과 수출성과간의 직접적인 관계는 유의하지 않았으나, 수출시장지향성과 혁신역량은 수출 성과에 정(+)의 유의한 관계를 보여주었다. 또한, 혁신역량은 수출시장지향성과 수출성과 사이에는 부분매개효과를, 학습지향성과 수출성과 사 이에는 완전매개효과가 있음을 보여주어, 기업의 전략적 지향성이 그 자체로 수출성과에 직접적으로 영향을 미치기보다 조직학습과정을 거쳐 혁신역량으로 내재화될 때 훨씬 수출 성과의 개선에 기여할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구결과는, 해외시장환경에서 획득한 고객반응과 경쟁자 정보를 제품과 서비스의 혁신, 사업전략의 혁신 등으로 효과적으로 내재화시킬 수 있는 조직학습프로세스를 구축하는 것이 수출중소기업의 중 요한 전략적 과제임을 제시해준다.

This study aims to demonstrate the relationship of export market orientation and learning orientation on innovation capability and export performance of the korean export venture firms. Besides, this research focuses on verifying important role of innovation capability as a mediator to achieve superior export performance. By using the PLS-SEM structure model, empirical analysis was conducted on 112 korean export venture firms. The direct relationship of learning orientation on export performance was not significant, but export market orientation and innovation capability showed the positive relationship on it. In addition, the innovation capability partially mediated export market orientation and export performance, and the learning orientation and export performance were fully mediated. This result shows that a company's strategic orientation, in itself, can contribute to the improvement of its export performance much more when it is internalized as an innovation capability through an organizational learning process rather than directly affecting its export performance. This result suggests that it is an important strategic task for export venture firms to establish an organizational learning process that can effectively internalize customer responses and competitor information acquired in overseas market environments through innovation in products, services and business strategies.

본 연구는 직업기초능력의 하위요인들 중 어떤 요인이 전산회계 운용능력에 유의한 영향을 미 치는 주요 요인인지를 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였으며, 아울러 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 직업 기초능력이 전산회계 운용능력에 미치는 영향 관계에서 학생들의 학습태도가 매개효과를 보이는 지를 분석하였다. 요인분석에서 직업기초능력의 하위요인은 의사소통능력, 수리능력, 문제해결능력, 자원관리능력, 정보능력 5개 요인으로, 전산회계 운용능력은 A능력과 B능력 2개 요인으로, 학습태도는 1개의 요 인으로 추출되었다. 회귀분석 결과, 전산회계 운용능력A(기초정보와 전표처리)에서는 수리능력(p<0.05)과 의사소통 능력(p<0.1)이, 전산회계 운용능력B(결산작업과 장부조회)에서는 문제해결능력( p<0.01)과 수리능 력(p<0.1)이 영향력이 큰 주요 요인으로 분석되었다. 구조방정식 모형 분석에서는 직업기초능력은 학습태도와 전산회계 운용능력에 통계적으로 유 의한 영향을 미치고, 학습태도는 전산회계 운용능력에 유의한 영향을 미쳐, 직업기초능력과 전산 회계 운용능력의 영향 관계에서 학습태도는 부분매개효과를 보인 것으로 분석되었다. 학습태도의 매개(간접)효과는 1% 이하에서 유의한 결과를 보였다.

This study attempted to identify which of the sub‐factors of basic occupational competency have a significant effect on computerized accounting operation capability through regression analysis, and analyzed how students’ learning attitude shows a mediating effect on the effect relationship between basic occupational competency and computerized accounting operation capability using a structural equation model. From factor analysis were derived five sub‐factors of basic occupational competency (communication ability, quantitative ability, problem solving ability, resource management ability, and information ability), two sub‐factors of computerized accounting operation capability (ability A and ability B), and one factor of learning attitude. According to the results of regression analysis, computerized accounting ability A (basic information and slip data processing) was influenced significantly by quantitative ability (p<0.05) and communication ability (p<0.1), and computerized accounting ability B (settlement and bookkeeping) was by problem solving ability ( p<0.01) and quantitative ability (p<0.1). In the results of structural equation model analysis, basic occupational competency was found to have a statistically significant effect on learning attitude and computerized accounting operation capability, and learning attitude was found to have a significant effect on computerized accounting operation capability, and these findings suggested that learning attitude had a partial mediating effect on the effect relationship between basic occupational competency and computerized accounting operation capability. The mediating (indirect) effect of learning attitude also showed significance at P<0.01.

The purpose of this study is to suggest a method for teaching the NCS of ‘Practice on Room Division of Hotel’ to enhance ‘Social Problem Solving Capability’ by applying ‘Flipped Learning’. Education was designed and carried out toward students specializing tourism & service in a 3-year course collage in Seoul. Empirical analysis was done with 63 samples filled in perfectly by the students who took part in ‘Practice on Room Division of Hotel’ class. PPO (Positive Problem Orientation) and RPS (Rational Problem Solving) were changed positively but NPO (Negative Problem Orientation), ICS (Impulsive-Carelessness Style) and AS (Avoidance Style) were not changed by the education applying ‘Flipped Learning’. Therefore, it is verified that teaching the NCS of ‘Practice on Room Division of Hotel’ by applying ‘Flipped Learning’ enhances ‘Social Problem Solving Capability’

This study aims to identify key drivers which affect inter-firm rivalry of 3rd party logistics(3PL) companies, i.e. the likelihood of a company performing an action. For this, this paper adopts the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) perspective and knowledge-based theory. Specifically, this paper examines the association between the awareness-motivation-capability perspective and the inter-firm rivalry, and investigates the moderating role of 3PLsʼ knowledge on the association between the awareness-motivation-capability and the likelihood of an action. Results show that the extent to which 3PL companies possess greater levels of awareness, motivation and capability may encourage companies to take an action against its rivals. The results also show that the positive effects of awareness, motivation and capability of a 3PL company are enhanced when the company possesses high levels of knowledge. This finding implies that knowledge may play a moderating role on the association between the awareness-motivation-capability and the likelihood of action by a focal firm.The research findings provide 3PL managers with a strategic insight into the identification of critical drivers which affect inter-firm rivalry of 3PL companies and the way to effectively manage the competition dynamics.

본 연구는 하브루타 학습법의 사용이 간호대학생의 의사소통능력과 문제해결능력 및 학습만족도에 미치는 효과 를 검증하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구는 J도 C대학 간호대학생 1학년 중 해부학 수업을 수강한 학생 99명을 대상으로 실시한 단일군 사전-사후 설계인 유사실험연구이다. 설문지는 2023학년 2학기 시작과 종료 시점에 2회 자가보고식 설문조사를 통해 수집되었고, SPSS 23.0 program을 이용하여 실수와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 연구결과 하브루타 학습법을 사용한 간호대학생의 의사소통능력 (t=2.11, p=.036), 문제해결능력(t=2.11, p<.001), 학습만족도(t=3.12, p=.002) 모두 사전에 사후에 유의하게 높게 나 타났다. 본 연구 결과 하브루타 학습법이 간호대학생의 역량을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나 하브루타 학습법을 적용한 다양한 연구를 제언한다.

The purpose of this study is the education applying Havruta’s method for nursing students and to examine its effect on the Communication Competency, Problem-Solving Capability, and Learning Satisfaction. This study is a one-group pre-post design is use and the subjects of this sutdy were the first-grade students of this study were the first grade students of C university the department of nursing, who Anatomy nursing courses. Data of study was collected at begin and finish of semester in 2023 using the SPSS 23.0 program. Result, Communicaton Competency (t=2.11, p=.036), Problem-Solving Capability (t=2.11, p<.001) and Learning Satisfaction (t=3.12, p=.002) of nursing students using Havruta’s method is statistically significantly. As Havruta’s method has shown results that improve nursing students’ capabilities, various studies applying the havruta’s method are suggested.

This study seeks to advance the customer relationship perspective by examining the role of managing customer relationship in accelerating organizational learning and innovation capability in the commercial banks. Building on the literature of transaction and relationship marketing, we propose that information or knowledge derived from customers increases the likelihood that banks enhance their organization learning and facilitate innovations. Using 141 questionnaires from the commercial banks in Korea, this study confirms that relationship orientation of a commercial bank is directly related to learning and innovation capability. It also presents the mediating effect of learning capability in the casual effect between relationship orientation and innovation capability. We believe that this research is a timely response to a call for the study of interactive effects among customer relationship, organizational learning, and innovativeness.

Learning organization has been an important issue in both management and marketing areas. Also learning capability is a key construct of innovation process in a firm. Especially, in marketing context, several researchers have studied market-based learning and its relation with performance. Previous studies have shown that market-based learning has a positive impact on overall firm performance. However, there has been inconsistency in the concept of market-based learning itself and its relationships with antecedents and consequences. Given this conflicting and inconsistent results of previous research, this study has two main objectives. First, this paper proposed a conceptual framework that marketbased learning has two types of processes and each types of market-based learning will generate different types of performance. Second, the mediating role of marketing capability in learning-performance link is proposed. The proposed conceptual framework shows that organizations which have marketbased learning for innovation management can enjoy ambidextrous firm performance on both side of effectiveness and efficiency via marketing capability. Moreover our research model proposes key drivers of market based organizational learning.