Earticle

본 연구에서는 한국어 ｢~을/를 쌓다｣ 연어(collocation)에 대응되는 일본어의 ｢~を積む･重ねる･築く｣를 중심으로 한･일 연어의 대응 관계와 일본어의 세 동사 연어의 의미특징을 비교 고찰하였다. ｢重ねる｣는 동일한 사항의 단순한 반복에 의미의 중심이 있고, ｢積む｣는 반복을 강조하거나 반복에 의한 ｢축적｣의 의미가 있으며, 부정적인 의미의 명사와는 결합하기 어려운 특징이 있다. ｢築く｣는 결과물을 생성하거나 목표를 실현해내는 ｢구축｣의 의미를 지니고 있고, 두 동사와 달리 동작성 명사와는 결합하지 않는다. 세 동사가 동일한 명사와 결합하는 유형은 각 동사의 기본적인 의미에서 비롯된 의미 차이는 존재하지만 대부분 치환이 가능하고 연어 단위로는 의미 차이가 뚜렷하지 않고, 이들은 모두 한국어의 ｢쌓다｣에 대응되므로 연어적 관점에서는 유의 관계에 있는 연어로 취급할 수 있을 것이다. 한국어의 ｢쌓다｣는 일본어의 ｢積む｣와 달리 부정적인 명사와의 결합에 제약이 없고, 세 동사에 모두 대응되고 있으므로 한층 더 의미의 폭이 넓은 다의적인 성격을 가지고 있는 점을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to examine what similarities and differences exist between the three Japanese verbs “tsumu,” “kasaneru,” and “kizuku,” which correspond to “ssahda” and “ssahda” in Korean. “Kasaneru” means repetition, but “tsumu” emphasizes repetition or has the meaning of accumulation through repetition. And unlike “kasaneru,” “tsumu” has the characteristic of not combining with nouns with negative connotations. Unlike these two verbs, “kizuku” has the meaning of construction, and “kizuku” does not combine with a noun that means action. Nouns that can be combined with all three verbs in Japanese have no action meaning, and among the three verbs, “kasaneru” does not correspond to the Korean verb that means repetition of an action, but corresponds to “ssahda.” The difference in meaning of the Korean “ssahda”, which corresponds to these three verbs in Japanese, is not as clear as in Japanese, where the meaning is divided into three verbs. Meanwhile, unlike the Japanese “tsumu,” “ssahda” in Korean can be combined with nouns with negative meanings relatively freely. The Korean “ssahda” is a multi-sense verb and corresponds to various verbs in addition to the three verbs in Japanese.

本稿では、韓国語の｢~(l)ul ssahda｣連語に対応する日本語の｢積む･重ねる･築く｣を中心に、両語の対応関係と日本語の三つの動詞の意味関係について考察した。 ｢重ねる｣は同じ事柄の単純な反復を表しており、｢積む｣は反復を強調したり、反復による｢蓄積｣を表し、｢重ねる｣と違って、否定的意味を持つ名詞とは結合しにくい特徴があった。｢築く｣は結果物を生成したり、目標を実現するという構築の意味を表しており、｢重ねる｣,｢積む｣と違って、動作性名詞とは結合しないことが分かった。三つの動詞が同じ名詞と結合する連語類型では、それぞれの動詞の基本的意味によるニュアンスの違いはありうるが、ほとんど互いに入れ替えが可能であり、連語単位としては意味の違いが明確でなく、これらはすべて韓国語の｢ssahda｣に対応しているので、連語的観点から類義の連語として扱えよう。 なお、韓国語の｢ssahda｣は日本語の｢積む｣と違って、否定的な意味の名詞とも結合できるので、より意味の幅が廣い多義的性格を持っていることが分かった。

In the course of professional training, translation and interpretation students need to learn terminologies in various fields and improve their linguistic knowledge including collocation in both source language and target language. One of the reasons students make a mistake in producing target texts is inadequate or unnatural collocation. On a premise that by accessing a database of terminology and collocation information, advanced language learners such as translation and interpretation students may develop their target language expression ability effectively, this paper explores a possibility of creating a terminology dictionary with collocation information. With a view to developing a corpus-based terminology and collocation dictionary for translation and interpretation students. a pilot study was conducted to examine a method of constructing a Korean collocation dictionary and a Korean-English collocation dictionary. This paper discusses the findings from the pilot study.

본고에서는 레지스터에 따른 ‘自然’과 ‘自然的’의 콜로케이션 분석을 수행하여, 기존의 형용동사에 的을 추가하여 다시금 형용동사와 같은 용법을 가진 ‘－的’를 생성해야만 했던 이유를 시작으로, 형용동사와 형용동사를 어기로 갖는 ‘－的’의 특징 등을 명확히 했다. 우선, 형용동사 ‘自然’은 레지스터라고 하는 측면에서는 주로 구어에서 사용되며, 용법이라고 하는 측면에서는 서술용법이 선호된다. 반면 의사형용동사인 ‘自然的’는 ‘自然’과 반대로 레지스터라고 하는 측면에서는 주로 문어에서 사용되며, 용법 측면에서는 상대적으로 한정용법이 선호된다. 그리고 ‘自然’은 형용동사 중에서도 명사에 가까운 형용동사로, 이와 같은 명사와 같은 특성에 의해서 ‘－的’의 어기로 사용되기 쉽게 된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한 구어에서 찾아볼 수 있는 ‘自然’이 비교적 더욱 순수한 형용동사의 용법을 갖는데, 이를 통해 의사형용동사인 ‘自然的’ 보다 형용동사인 ‘自然’을 구어에서 더 많이 찾아볼 수 있는 사실 또한 설명할 수 있다. 본고에서는 위와 같은 고찰을 기반으로, 명사와 같은 특성을 가진 ‘自然’과 같은 형용동사는 ‘自然的’와 같이 형용동사를 어기로 가진 ‘－的’와 ‘레지스터’와 ‘용법’이라고 하는 차원에서 각각의 역할을 분담하는 서로 상호보완적인 관계에 있다고 하는 점을 분명히 했다.

In this paper, we performed the collocation analysis of registers on Shizen自然 and Shizen-teki自然的. In this paper, we clarified the reason why we had to create a ‘-teki的’ with the same usage as an ‘adjectival noun’ by adding ‘teki的’ to an ‘adjectival noun’ already existing, and the features of an ‘adjectival noun’ and a ‘-teki的’ with an ‘adjectival noun’ as root. First, the ‘adjectival noun’ Shizen自然 is mainly used in spoken registers, and the narrative method is preferred. On the other hand, the ‘similar adjectival noun’ Shizen-teki自然的 is used in the written register as opposed to Shizen自然, and relatively modification usage is preferred. And Shizen自然 is a ‘adjectival noun’ close to a noun among the ‘adjectival noun’, and it can be seen that it is easy to use it as a root of the ‘-teki的’ because of the characteristics like noun. In addition, Shizen自然 which can be found in the spoken registers has a relatively more pure usage of the ‘adjectival noun’, which explains why the ‘adjectival noun’ Shizen自然 rather than the ‘similar adjectival noun’ Shizen-teki自然的 is more common in verbal sentences(spoken registers). In this paper, based on the above considerations, it is clarified that the ‘adjectival noun;Shizen自然’ with the same characteristics as nouns has mutually complementary relations that share the roles of a ‘-teki的;Shizen-teki自然的’ with an ‘adjectival noun’ as root from the point of view of ‘register’ and ‘usage’.

本稿では，レジスターによる｢自然｣と｢自然的｣のとコロケーションにおける分析を行うことで，既に存在している形容動詞にわざわざ｢的｣をつけることによってまたもや形容動詞のような用法を持つ｢－的｣を作らなければならなかった理由から始め，形容動詞と形容動詞を語基としてもつ｢－的｣という言葉の特徴などを明らかにした。 まず，形容動詞｢自然｣はレジスターという面では主に口語文で使われ，その用法の面では述定(叙述)用法が好まれる。その反面，擬似形容動詞｢自然的｣は｢自然｣と逆に，レジスターという面では主に文語文で使われ，その用法の面では比較的装定(限定)用法が好まれる。 続いて，｢自然｣は形容動詞の中でより名詞に近い形容動詞であって，その名詞的な特性によって｢－的｣の語基として許容され易くなる。また，口語文における｢自然｣が，比較的により純粋な形容動詞の用法として使われていて，これをもって擬似形容動詞である｢自然的｣より形容動詞｢自然｣が口語文に多く見られることも説明できた。 以上のような考察を踏まえて本稿では，名詞的な特性を持つ｢自然｣のような形容動詞は｢自然的｣のようにそれを語基として持つ｢－的｣とレジスターや用法(装定･限定)という面でそれぞれの役割を分担し，補い合っている関係にあることを明らかにした。

본 연구는 2017년과 2022년 각각 발표된 법인세법 개정안과 이후 2년간의 신문기사 데이터를 분석하여 법인세율 인상 및 인하 정책에 따른 언론 프레임의 변화를 탐구하였다. 빅카인즈 데이터를 활용한 어휘 빈도 분석 결과, 법인세율 인 상 시기에는 ‘순이익’, ‘부담’, ‘비용’ 등 기업 부담을 강조하는 단어가 빈번히 등 장한 반면, 인하 시기에는 ‘세수 부족’, ‘펑크’, ‘나라 살림 적자’ 등 국가 재정 문 제를 강조하는 단어가 두드러졌다. N-gram 분석에서는 인상 시기에 ‘부자 증세’, 인하 시기에 ‘부자 감세’가 빈번히 등장하며 정책 프레임의 차이를 보여주었다. 연어 분석에서는 ‘증세’와 ‘감세’ 모두 ‘부자’와 빈번히 연관되었다. 카이제곱 검정 결과, 문재인 정부와 윤석열 정부 간 프레임 단어 (‘완화’, ‘부담’, ‘혜택’, ‘폭탄’) 사용에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있음이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 데이터 규모와 분석 기간의 제약에도 불구하고, 어휘 빈도와 N-gram 분석 등 양적 방법론을 제 시하였다는 의의가 있다. 후속 연구에서는 보다 풍부한 데이터와 고도화된 텍스트 마이닝 방법론을 통해 언론 프레임 변화를 더욱 정밀하게 분석할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study examines changes in media framing in response to corporate tax rate increases and reductions by analyzing corporate tax law amendments announced in 2017 and 2022, along with newspaper articles from the subsequent two years. Using Big Kinds data, this study employs lexical frequency analysis, n-gram analysis, and collocation analysis to identify distinct framing patterns. During periods of corporate tax increases, media frequently featured terms emphasizing corporate burden (e.g., “net profit,” “burden,” and “cost”), whereas tax reductions were commonly framed around national fiscal concerns (e.g., “tax revenue shortfall,” “deficit,” and “national budget crisis”). N-gram analysis further indicates that “tax hikes for the wealthy” was prevalent during periods of tax increases, while “tax cuts for the wealthy” dominated discussions during tax reductions, highlighting the differences in policy framing. Collocation analysis demonstrates that both “tax increases” and “tax cuts” were closely associated with the term “the wealthy.” A chi-squared test confirms statistically significant differences in the usage of framing words (e.g., “relief,” “burden,” “benefit,” and “bomb”) between the Moon Jae-in and Yoon Suk-yeol administrations. Despite limitations in data size and the analysis period, this study contributes to the field by employing quantitative methodologies such as lexical frequency and n-gram analysis. Future research could enhance the understanding of media framing dynamics by leveraging larger datasets and more advanced text-mining techniques.

This study aims to study some similarities and differences in content, vocabulary and linguistic features of maritime safety news and maritime security news in self-built corpora through the two strategies of keyword extraction: comparison against a representative general English corpus and cross-validation. It is found that the content of the maritime safety news is concerned with the safety of operation process, safe regulation, and the recent topic: Covid-19, which is to report the safety of the ship and related personnel. On the other hand, the content of the maritime security news is focused on pirate attacks, robberies, and other external factors of security. Cross-validation shows that maritime safety news prefers to use modal verbs, while maritime security news prefers to use the passive voice. We also explore which syntactic pattern is preferred through adjacent collocates of ‘safety’ and ‘security’ in both of the news. In addition, we investigate their window span (-5 to +5) collocation through examination of several statistical measures to find out similarities and differences between a pair of near-synonyms ‘safety’ and ‘security’ used in the two corpora.

불교문화에서 ‘世界’는 시간과 공간을 나타내는 개념으로, 시간을 나타내는 过去, 现在, 未来와 공간을 나타내는 东, 西, 南, 北으로 나누어 분석하는데, 모든 인과는 过去부터 시작 하여 现在에서 끝나는 것이고 동시에 未来에서 완성되지만 지금부터 만들어진다고 본다. 현 재 이 시각의 사유와 행동 등 업행은 过去, 现在, 未来가 동시에 존재하며 반복된 결과라고 본다. 过去, 现在, 未来는 세속의 집착과 분별심에서 나온 것으로 깨달음의 세계에서는 모두 가 ‘하나’임을 알 수 있다. 불교문화에서 동방은 설법의 시작이고 서방은 불교의 이상향을 나 타내는 등 신화적인 공간으로 인식되어 온 반면에 고대 중국문화에서 东, 西, 南, 北은 오행, 오색, 오계절 등과 연결하여 특별한 상징의미를 부여하고 있다. 아울러 코퍼스 자료 분석을 진행하여 공간보다 시간에 대한 개념이 더 투철하고 중요시하는 중국인들의 언어생활 습관을 관찰할 수 있다. 또한 연어(collocation)분석을 통하여 시간사 연어는 대체로 명사로 된 연어 변과 결합하고 편정식의 구조적 특징을 나타내며 방위사의 연어는 -头, -墙, -屋 등 같은 연어변들이 많은 어휘적 특성을 나타내고 있다.

As the concept showing time and space in Buddhist culture, ‘the world’ is analyzed in division into time such as past, present, and future, and space such as east, west, south, and north. In Buddhist culture, all the causes and effects are regarded as being started from the past, ending at the present, and completed in the future, but created from now on. It is viewed that the current karma like thinking and act has the past, present, and future at the same time as a repeated result. All the past, present, and future are originated from obsession and discretion of the mundane world, which shows that everyone is ‘one’ in the world of enlightenment. The Buddhist culture perceives the east as the beginning of preaching, and the west as a mythical space like utopia of Buddhism. On the other hand, the ancient Chinese culture gives special symbolic meanings to the east, west, south, and north in connection with the five elements, five colors, and five seasons. Moreover, through the corpus data analysis, it is possible to observe the linguistic life habits of Chinese people who are more thorough and regarding the concept of time as more important than space. Also, through the collocation analysis, it is possible to examine the structural characteristics of time words that are mostly combined with a noun collocator and composed of semi-regular form. And the collocation of localizer shows the lexical characteristic showing lots of collocators such as -头, -墙, -屋.

본 연구는 효과적인 어휘학습법으로 어휘와 어휘 간의 결합을 통하여 학습하는 방법을 제시한 마이클 루이스(1997)의 어휘 중심접근법 이론을 활용한 다양한 중국어 어휘 교수 활용방안을 탐색하는데에 그 목적이 있다. 외국어 교수에서의 어휘교육의 중요성과 관심이 점차 증가하고 있다. 외국어 학습의 궁극적인 목표는 원활한 의사소통 및 효과적인 정보의 교류일 것이다. 이 러한 의사소통 능력 신장에 밑거름이 되는 것이 바로 폭넓은 어휘력이다. 쏟아지 는 정보를 정확하게 이해하고 주어진 상황에 맞는 적절한 표현을 사용할 수 있는 능력이 학습자의 어휘 지식에 달려있다는 것이다. 어휘학습을 할수록 점점 더 높은 수준의 어휘 지식을 요구하기 때문에 효과적인 어휘지도를 하는 것 또한 외국어 교육에서 매우 중요한 일이다. 어휘 지식 활용에 대한 중요성 인식과 중국어 독해와 작문 교육에서의 어휘 교수 방법 재고가 논의의 출발점이다. 효과적인 의사소통을 위해 독해와 작문은 매우 중요한 영역이기 때문에 의도적이고 체계적인 지도와 학습이 필요하다. 따 라서 기존의 어휘 중심접근법 관련 연구성과를 살피고 참조하여 어휘 중심접근법 을 활용한 중국어 독해와 작문 수업모형과 어휘 교수·학습 활동 자료를 제안하고 그 활용방안을 고찰하였다.

The purpose of this study is to explore various ways to teach Chinese vocabulary using the Lexical-approach theory of Michael Lewis (1997), who suggested a method of learning through the combination of vocabulary and vocabulary as an effective vocabulary learning method. The importance and interest in vocabulary education in foreign language teaching is increasing. The ultimate goal of foreign language learning will be smooth communication and effective information exchange. The ability of learners to accurately understand the flood of information and to use appropriate expressions for a given situation depends on the learner's knowledge of vocabulary. Recognizing the importance of using vocabulary knowledge and rethinking vocabulary teaching methods in Chinese reading comprehension and writing education is the starting point of the discussion. Because reading and writing are very important areas for effective communication, intentional and systematic guidance and learning are required. Therefore, by examining and referring to the research results related to the existing Lexical-approach, a model for teaching Chinese reading and writing using the Lexical-approach, data on vocabulary teaching and learning activities, and their application were considered.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the co-relationship between L2 adult learners and music. In this study, three songs were used: Coward of the County, Lucille, and The Gambler sung by Kenny Rogers. The participants were five graduate students majoring English education in a Korean university, and their English language proficiency was high intermediate with advance reading and grammar knowledge. Participants were asked to memorize the lyrics of the three songs and to respond to a question about the difficulty of the memorization. All the participants responded negatively; that is, they found the songs problematic to memorize. They were then asked to highlight both familiar and unfamiliar expressions. The collected data was analyzed in terms of lexical collocation (LC) and grammatical collocation (GC). The results showed that the participants were unfamiliar with about half of the LC and most likely lead to causing issues memorizing the lyrics. However, the participants had fewer problems with GC due to their prior knowledge of GC. It was learned that the participants had never been trained to develop awareness of collocation. If the participants had learned vocabulary in a specified context, they would have learnt the relevant collocations. Western music can provide this context because it is story based and consequently learners would maintain interest in the music and learn the collocations more readily.

일본어에는 ｢辞書を引く｣ ｢風邪を引く｣와 같이 관용적으로 사용되는 콜로케이션이 많이 있어 개별 단어의 의미를 알고 있더라도 그 의미를 충분히 이해하지 못하거나 혼동할 수 있다. 본 연구는 일본어 교육에서 콜로케이션 교육을 하려면 어떠한 단어 혹은 어떠한 콜로케이션을 지도하는 것이 효율적일 것인가를 고민하는 단계에서 출발하였다. 그 첫 과정으로 일본인의 언어생활에 주로 출현하는(빈도가 높은) 단어는 무엇이 며, 콜로케이션으로 출현하는 비율이 높은 단어는 어떠한 것인지 실증적인 데이터를 바탕으로 연구가 이루어져야 한다고 판단하였다. 본고는 대규모 균형 코퍼스인 『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』를 기반으로 일본어 능력시험 출제 어휘의 동사를 기준으로 빈도가 높은 단어의 목록을 추출하고, ｢명사+조사+동사｣로 이루어진 콜로케이션으로 출현하는 빈도를 추출하였다. 그 결과 각 급수별 동사의 빈도를 중심으로 가장 고빈도로 출현하는 목록과 콜로케이션으로 출현하는 빈도가 높은 동사의 목록을 제시하였다. 그러나 코퍼스에서 출현하는 빈도 가 높은 단어는 콜로케이션으로 출현하는 빈도도 높게 나타날 수 있으므로 콜로케 이션 출현율을 산출하여 제시하였다. 개별 빈도는 높지만 콜로케이션 출현율이 낮은 동사는 단어의 개별 의미를 중심 으로 지도하고, 콜로케이션으로 출현하는 비율이 높은 단어는 주로 함께 나타나는 조사 및 명사의 항목을 함께 제시하고 지도하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is aimed at measuring and acknowledging Japanese language ability of people who do not speak native Japanese. The JLPT is an international certified exam recognized throughout the world and provides an objective measurement of a language learner’s aptitude in Japanese language. Using the largescale Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ), the current study drew out and analyzed the noun + particle + verb form of collocation with a focus on the verbs in the vocabulary of the JLPT. The results of this analysis presented the highfrequency verbs that the native Japanese speakers generally use within each vocabulary level of the exam. The study presented highfrequency verbs that appear through collocation and presented an efficient vocabulary list that can be used in teaching in the classroom on the basis of collocation of the words, rather than their individual frequency. Japanese language education has long focused on the meanings of individual words, but this study posits that the use of high frequency vocabulary that appear through collocation along with the list that is generally used with this vocabulary is an effective way of teaching the language.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distinctive characteristics of the gender referring nouns, MAN and WOMAN, and their collocates depending on which register is used, i.e. written or spoken language. Collocates are words that occur near a given word, and they can provide useful insight into the meaning and usage of the words near which they occur. We employed the Corpus of Contemporary American English (henceforth, COCA) which is composed of written text (newspapers, academic journals, magazines, novels) and spoken text (broadcast). Mutual Information was used as a statistical measurement to extract collocates. The study compares the collocates of 'man, woman,' in registers of written text and spoken text from the COCA. We focused on the lexical pairs ‘man’ vs. ‘woman’ to identify participation and influence of gender difference reflecting in the media. We extracted 100 collocates for each target word and then compared their relationships by using Pajek (Ver. 4.10). The study shows that there significant differences between written and spoken text in the semantic field of collocates for the gender referring nouns. Our findings point to a fundamental asymmetry in the use of the two genders. Men are expected to be interested in fashion and public oriented settings. Compared to men, women tend to be more complex; they are family-oriented, but also they are socially involved. There are also substantial differences in patterns of collocation from written text and spoken text. This study makes a contribution to the study of register variation of gender nouns.

‘红+BB’형의 주해는 사전마다 서로 다르게 여러 가지 차이점이 있으며 묘사 대상 등의 제시가 부족하다는 아쉬움이 있다. 또한 ‘红+BB’형의 의미에서 대부분 공통적 성분은 ‘红’과 시차적 성분인 ‘BB’와 관련이 있지만 사전 주해에 근거한 일부 ‘红+BB’형은 시차적 성분이 제시되어 있지 않는다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 현대 중국어 ‘红+BB’형의 말뭉치 자료와 표제어 수록 현황 등의 비교․분석을 통해 다음의 사실을 관찰할 수 있다. ‘红+BB’형의 일부 사전 수록 현황은 일반적인 학계의 견해, 현대 중국의 사용 실태 등이 충분히 반영되지 못한 부분이 있으며, 시차적성분을 관찰하기 어려운 일부 ‘BB’는 구조적 기능을 하는 접사에 속하거나 ‘A’와 비슷한 색상의미를 나타내는 경우 등을 볼 수 있다. 본고의 말뭉치 분석 결과에 따르면 ‘红+BB’형의 묘사 대상은 사람의 신체 출현 빈도가 가장 높으며, 신체 부위 중 특히 얼굴 부위가 많고 동일 형태의 공기 어휘 중에서는 ‘脸’의 출현빈도가 가장 높게 나타나 현대 중국의 언어사용 습관을 관찰할 수 있다.

The scope of this research concerns the “红+BB” type words in the modern Chinese language, and through a comparative analysis on the usage of “红+BB” type words in dictionaries and corpus data, the following facts can be found. In most “红+BB” types, the common component is related to “红(Hong)” and the diagnostic component is related to “BB”. However, based on dictionary definitions, some “红+BB” types do not present the diagnostic component. Furthermore, some examples of “BB” are hardly related to the diagnostic component. For example, these types of “BB” play a structural role of an affix, or they signify the reddish hue similar to the meaning of “红(Hong)”. The results of the corpus analysis demonstrate that the human body parts appear most frequently as the objects described by “红+BB” types, particularly in reference to the face area among the body parts. Among the co-occurring vocabulary with the same form, the character “脸(Lian)” appears with the highest frequency, which clarifies the language usage habits in contemporary China.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of corpus-based feedback on the learners’ acquisition of collocation knowledge and their processes of lexical error correction. A total of 40 high school students were divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups took a pre-WAF (Word Association Format) and were divided into higher and lower-level groups according to the results. The students wrote 10 compositions in total, using 3 verbs and 6 nouns that are collocated or not collocated with those verbs in each composition. After each writing session for a period of five weeks, the experimental group students were required to correct their verb+noun collocation errors using concordance lines provided in the form of hand-outs, while the control group students were provided with explicit error corrections from their instructor. The results showed that both types of feedback were effective in improvement of WAF test scores and correction of the collocation errors. The processes of using concordance lines for error correction were found to differ according to student level. Lastly, most students generally agreed on the usefulness of corpus-based feedback for error correction, while some of them pointed out difficulty due to their insufficient knowledge of words and grammar.

This paper diachronically investigates the noun collocate of the Korean adjective chakhata in the collocation of ‘chakhan + NOUN’. Literally, chakhan is for expressing positive evaluation on human nature. Therefore, the adjective has a strong semantic preference for the semantic components related to people, their actions and attributes. However, the analysis shows that the semantic preference of chakhan has been changing during the last 22 years: the adjective started to demonstrate another semantic preference for the semantic features that are not directly relevant to human nature. This type of collocative clash indicates that chakhan is used not just literally but metaphorically in certain contexts and that the metaphorical meaning seems to reflect a collective intentionality of the Korean discourse community.

Through his work in corpus linguistics, Sinclair (1991) postulated two types of language production. In the first, the ‘open choice’ principle, each word produced carries independent meaning. The second principle, the ‘idiom principle’, is based on the notion that the choice of one particular word is responsible for the choice of other words in the immediate environment. This paper looks at the writing of a variety of text types of a wide range of pupils in the bilingual Bruneian secondary school system, and makes use of Sinclair’s principles to describe the transitional stages of their language development from learner English to their target, Standard British English. The results show that language produced by the idiom principle such as phrasal verbs, even common ones, is likely to be problematic for many pupils. Secondly, idioms and strong collocations may be problematic for all pupils including those with very advanced English. Based on these results, the paper offers recommendations for classroom methods and materials based on some of the principles of language awareness.

When analyzed appropriately, studies of corpus data aid in our understanding of the current usage of words and phrases. For lexical phenomena, lexical partnership or collocation has been the focus of many corpus studies as it is reliably and comprehensively identified in corpora. Nonetheless, studies on collocational patterns of phrasal verbs are rare. This paper showcases the collocational partners of the phrasal verb stand up as observed in the COCA corpus. The paper shows the following results: first, new meanings are harvested through the collocational analysis, when the meanings observed in COCA are compared with those defined in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English; second, among various collocates, the prepositions to, for, and against and the adverb well/better are strongly associated with metaphorical meanings; third, the base form, stand up, is more closely connected to metaphorical meanings of STAND UP than other forms such as stood up, standing up, and stands up; fourth, among various other metaphorical meanings, ‘to face boldly' is the most frequent.

한국어의 ｢名詞가 쌓이다｣는 일상적으로 빈번하게 사용되는 연어인데, 대응되는 일본어는 명사에 따라서 다양한 동사와 결합하므로 일본어 학습자뿐만 아니라, 한일 통･번역 시에도 ｢名詞가 쌓이다｣에 대응되는 일본어 연어 정보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 ｢名詞가 쌓이다｣에 대응되는 일본어 연어를 고찰하기 위해 파파고의 한일 번역 양상을 검토하고, 한･일 연어의 대응 관계를 살펴보았다. 파파고에서는 주로｢積もる｣와 ｢積まれる｣로 인한 번역 오류가 많이 나타났는데, 그것은 자동사로서의 ｢쌓이다｣와 타동사 ｢쌓다｣의 수동형으로서의 ｢쌓이다｣에 대응되는 점에서 비롯된 것이라 유추할 수 있겠다. ｢名詞가 쌓이다｣에 대응되는 일본어는 주로 명사에 따라 ｢積もる, たまる, 募る, 重なる, 積み上がる, 積み重なる｣등과 같은 자동사뿐만 아니라, ｢積まれる, 築かれる, 積み重ねられる｣등과 같은 타동사의 수동형을 비롯하여 그 밖의 다양한 동사와 결합하는 점을 통해, ｢名詞가 쌓이다｣는 일본어의 다양한 동사 연어 유형에 대응되고 있는 점을 고찰할 수 있었다.

The Korean collocation “Noun + ssahida” is commonly used in everyday language, but its Japanese equivalents vary depending on the noun, posing challenges for both language learners and translators. This study analyzes how the Papago translation system renders this expression and examines the corresponding Japanese verb collocations. Frequent mistranslations were found, especially due to confusion between intransitive (tsumoru) and passive forms (tsumareru). Findings show that the Japanese equivalents include a range of intransitive verbs (e.g., tsumoru, tamaru, tsunoru, kasanaru) and passive forms of transitive verbs (e.g., tsumareru, kizukareru, tsumikasanerareru), depending on the noun. This highlights the need for nuanced understanding of verb-noun combinations in Korean–Japanese translation.

韓国語における｢名詞が+ssahida｣は、日常的に頻繁に用いられるコロケーションである。しかし、日本語においては対応する動詞が名詞により多様に変化するため、日本語学習者のみならず、韓日間の通訳･翻訳においても対応関係の把握が求められる。 本研究では、｢名詞が+ssahida｣に対応する日本語コロケーションを明らかにすることを目的として、翻訳アプリ〈Papago〉における訳出傾向を分析し、韓日間のコロケーションの対応関係を考察した。 分析の結果、Papago翻訳には多数の誤訳が確認され、特に｢積もる｣と｢積まれる｣の誤用が顕著であった。これは、｢ssahida｣が自動詞として用いられる場合と、他動詞｢ssahda｣の受動形として機能する場合とが混在することに起因すると考えられる。 本研究を通じて、｢名詞がssahida｣に対応する日本語表現は、｢積もる｣｢たまる｣｢募る｣｢重なる｣｢積み上がる｣｢積み重なる｣などの自動詞や、｢積まれる｣｢築かれる｣｢積み重ねられる｣などの他動詞の受動形と結びつくことが確認され、日本語における動詞コロケーションの多様性とその対応関係について考察を深めることができた。

This research investigates the collocational behaviors and semantic preferences to discriminate among near-synonyms. The research focuses on the nominal collocates of near-synonymous adjectives(complex, complicated, intricate, and elaborate) in terms of the overall usage patterns of collocates, semantic preferences of collocates, and shared collocates. Based on data collected from Brown and LOB corpus, Words analyzes frequency patterns of near-synonyms, and GraphColl builds and visualizes the collocation networks, which provide important insights into meaning relationships. Also, WordNet online is operated to group the collocates of each near-synonymous adjective into definable semantic categories. Findings from the research revealed there are some similarities and differences among four adjectives; firstly, they had different frequency patterns across genres, and secondly, they tended to appear selectively with the collocates indicating particular semantic preferences despite vagueness in accurately capturing and classifying meanings neatly. Lastly, they had some shared collocates which show some common semantic preferences.

The analyses of collocations in the existing collocation programs have often been based on the repetition of ‘N-gram’ patterns rather than a specific collocation list. In comparison, ColloGram bases its analysis on a collocation list from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) (1990-2015), a 5 hundred-million-word corpus. For the development of ColloGram, the corpus compiled during the period of 1990-2009 (a 4 hundred- million-word corpus), which became available in 2014 to the public, was utilized for the program. ColloGram is a collocation analysis program named from the compound, Collocation and N-gram or Program. The functions of this program benchmarked those of the RANGE, the vocabulary analysis program, by Heatley and Nation (2002).