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This study examines the significance of "coexisting individuals" in a multicultural society and how humans can become "citizens." This paper will address the rationale behind human beings' need to become citizens, with the overarching framework of "multicultural humanities." Multicultural humanities refer to a humanities-based approach to studying a multicultural society, extending beyond the definition of multiculturalism. Although humanities typically have a human-centered origin, in a broader sense, it encompasses all disciplines spanning the humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences. It covers all academic knowledge and practices relating to human beings. Hence, the goal of humanities is to foster the coexistence of citizens in a multicultural society. Notably, coexistence is not a new concept and has already been present in our lives. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the discussion of coexistence as a practice within a multicultural society from an academic perspective of multicultural humanities.

The purpose of this study is to suggest that global citizenship education can be an important alternative in a multicultural society. Human history is a series of conflicts and wars, and these conflicts are the biggest enemies of human happiness. However, education plays a key role in changing people's perceptions of conflict or prejudices. This study compares citizenship education, multicultural education, and global citizenship education First, citizenship education traditionally emphasized citizenship in a country and reduces conflict with others only within the territory. Second, multicultural education has a weakness to distinguish the majority from the minority and to unintentionally make prejudice and conflict based on the classification. Third, global citizenship education moves just from international understanding education and emphasizes universal values or virtues in the global society such as human rights, peace, equality, and tolerance and contributes to solving global problems. In this regard, this study discusses on the progress from citizenship education to multicultural education and finally to global citizenship education.

Korea has been demographically transformed into a multicultural society for recent decades. Accordingly, Korean government has prepared the societal transformation through law and policy. However, these laws and policies need to be reviewed in terms of multicultural counseling, which was recognized as one of the most necessary policies by immigrants. In this sense, this research intends to focus on multicultural youth’s mental health while tracking and comparing the change of main national multicultual policies like Multicultual Family Policy, Multicultural Education Policy, and Youth Policy. This study’s results are as follows: first, Korean national policies have chronologically developed from the perspective of youths in crisis with maladjustment and marginalization to the perspective of youths as talented person with human right and social contribution. Second, Korean national youth policies have reflect each policy’s unique perspective of youth. Therefore, this research can help expand the depth and width of discussion for the next 5-years policy plans (2023-2028) by measuring the past and current Korean policies in terms of youth’s mental health.

The current research aims to uncover the similarities and differences between Korean ‘an (안)’ and ‘-ji anhta (-지 않다)’, and Indonesian ‘tidak’ and ‘belum’, as well as to formulate their characteristics. This research is an applied contrastive study and the data are derived from the Korean-Indonesian parallel corpus made from Korean drama subtitles. Based on the results, the first prominent findings show that ‘an’ and ‘-ji anhta’, and ‘tidak’ and ‘belum’ are equivalent in regards to their usage as negative markers in negative sentences, thus indicating that they correspond to each other. The findings show that among 1,104 data of Korean negative utterances, only 770 data (69.75%) are translated into Indonesian negative utterances, and 334 data (30.25%) are translated into affirmative utterances by applying alternative translation strategies. The second prominent findings reveal that they are non-equivalent due to the shifts that happen, thus showing that they do not correspond to each other. There are three types of shifts causing the non-equivalence, namely (1) shift from negative verbal into negative nominal forms (32 data, 0.90%), (2) shift from negative declarative into negative imperative forms (36 data, 3.26%), and (3) shift from negative into affirmative forms (334 data, 30.25%). In general, the shifts occur in the subtitle translation because Korean and Indonesian languages belong to different categories in terms of language family and have different ways to express negative meanings.

This article dissertation intends to examine the problem of migration and return that developed during the period of Japanese imperialism in connection with the problem of conceptual identity. Since hikiage began in earnest after August 15, 1945 when World War II came to an end, it is associated with postwar Japan and thus the hikiage issue should not be overlooked when discussing postwar Japan. Rather than discussing hikiage in the postwar history, the comparative study shows the need to discuss preand post-war Japan from the perspective of hikiagesha, or returnees from Japanese overseas colonial territories. In post-war Japan, the progress of hikiage and hikiagesha’s experiences were featured in novels, autobiographies, and the media, with their image being formed. Hikiage was extremely simplified and defined as the returning of overseas Japanese people to Japan after Japan lost the war, and the image of hikiagesha was formed, which is different from that of the local Japanese people. Hikiage was described using words like ‘homecoming,’ ‘return,’ ‘repatriation,’ ‘stowing away,’ and ‘eviction,’ concealing the fact that hikiage reflects hikiagesha’s experiences in different countries and regions. In order to clarify this, this article examined hikiage in relation to regional characteristics of several concepts and relationships of international politics. This article also shows that hikiage involves a ‘level’ that is different from ‘human migration’ or an ‘immigration issue,’ which appear in existing studies. In other words, the aspects of hikiage experience are very different and complex to interpret as ‘being victimized’ and ‘victimizing others’ overlap in hikiage. This causes difficulty developing historical awareness or bringing back memories of war. This article examines hikiage in relation to national imperialism and examines how it was perceived by the colonized by looking at the use of such concepts as salvage, homecoming, and return in Korean society. Notably, this article suggests the need to consider the hikiage issue as a medium to reconstruct the war experience and Cold War system experience of East Asia beyond the logic behind the colonizer and the colonized.

This paper seeks to grasp the space with the help of scale. Dividing the abstract space by scale and analyzing it is the foundation of this study. As a concept discussed as one of the socio-spatial dimensions, scale refers to the spatial scope in which natural or human events processes, and relationships begin, spread vertically and horizontally, and operate. Scale is an epistemological issue because its scope of operation is constructed and reconstructed through political, social, and cultural processes. Politics of scale is a political and social relationship in which social agents expand their influence by constructing a network of inclusion and exclusion both inside and outside the scale. Politics of scale at the agents level surrounds the scale of reality and confirms the act of each agent expanding or reducing their arena of activity. In Shanghai these activities are investigated through purchase of school district housing, making use of social capital, economic capital, and cultural capital within the educational space. Each agent uses Guanxi or academic grouping to seek exchanges and communication with agents on different scales, and to induce cooperation. In this process, by attempting a scale transformation, the agent strengthens his own capacity and executes political activity that isolate and weaken the other scale. With the discourse on new quality education, the dynamics between the agents are confirmed through the politics of scale between social agents surrounding the scale of imagination. Having intentions to expand their influence, central educational institutions and local educational institutions spread the ideology of new quality throughout Shanghai reconstructing discourse, that is, the reconstruction of the scale of expression. Central and local educational institutions expand their influence by carrying out school districtization and school grouping throughout Shanghai, focusing on quality education. Parents use the Guanxi network between personal scale and school scale to extend their influence to get students admitted to key schools. Focusing on the scale of education in the politics of scale at the level of activities, key schools make their own capacity stronger by revitalizing the education quality and transforming key schools into academic districts to make them stronger, while key schools use school choice bans to isolate and weaken family scale.

This With the global spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and public health crisis, appropriate allocation of healthcare human resources has been necessitated. Although nursing practice takes up a larger part of medical practice in hospitals, the quantitative assessment of nursing care has not been investigated for human resource allocation in the era of COVID-19. The study aimed to explore the differences in time spent on nursing interventions between negative pressure isolation wards (NPIWs) and general wards (GWs) in COVID-19 hub hospitals. A time-motion observational study was conducted with three external observers recording every minute of 19 different work schedules in two NPIWs and two GWs for pulmonary care. The study found that nursing records accounted for the largest amount of time consumed in both NPIWs and GWs, and nurses in GWs spent more time (654 minutes) on direct nursing than nurses in NPIWs (379 minutes). The mean duration of performing the category including wearing PPE was 308 minutes in NPIWs and 160 minutes in GWs, showing a significant difference (p<0.05). The study suggests that careful consideration is needed in the allocation of nursing resources for the care of COVID-19 patients, taking into account the differences in direct nursing time between the two groups.