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Background : Few smoking prevention research studies and almost no smoking prevention interventions have been designed specifically for young adults who do not attend colleges. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived attitudes toward smoking ban in public places and availability of smoking cessation programs among non-collegiate young working adults. Methods : A purposive sample of 89 non-collegiate young adults was recruited who were employed in the local work force. Results : Although nearly 91% of young adults perceived that secondhand smoke was either very harmful or somewhat harmful, 32.8% of employers either allowed smoking or did not have any office policy on smoking. Regarding smoking cessation programs, 70.8% reported that employers did not offer any programs or help to employees. Attitudes toward a smoking ban in public restaurants and bars found be to statistically significant, t(67) = 23.79, p < .001.

In the 1980s, responding to the "root-seeking" literary trend in the field of literature, a wave of "cultural root-seeking" in the fieldof film art also set off. The fifth-generation and the sixth-generation directors who were deeply influenced by Chinese traditional culture expressed and displayed the deep psychology of the national culture to the audience through the film intentionally or unintentionally. These Chinese films also met the cultural aesthetic psychology of the Chinese audience. These directors had strong cultural awareness. From the perspective of archetype theory, the "root-seeking"culture is essentially the inheritance and pursuit of the traditional patriarchal culture of the modern sub-culture, which is accompanied by cultural criticism and reflection. This paper attempts to use the method of archetypal criticism to broaden the narrow channel of film criticism, collect and analyze the problems that may have been left behind, and make the seemingly random film works in an orderly state. Through the analysis of the archetype of the father and son in the "cultural root-seeking"film since the new era in China, the author believes that the father and son archetype mainly manifests in two aspects in the film. One aspect is father-searching and Electra complex of "cultural root-seeking", the other aspect is patricide and filicide of contradictory confrontation. These father-son archetypes come from ancient myths and are presented in contemporary film art, reflecting the confusion that ancient Chinese traditional culture faced in the process of modernization in the context of globalization. In the impact of the patriarchal traditional culture and the modern subculture, the kids of culture have different cultural choices such as worship and surrender, contradiction and confrontation.

Based on the files concerned with Puning Temple in Chengde Municipal Bureau of Archives and other materials, this article reviews the reconstruction of Puning Temple from 1980s, including repair of the buildings, recovery and managing of the temple’s property, reestablishing sangha and its relations with tourism and adjacent villages. Through referring to Chengde Today by James Hevia , this article intends to illustrate that it’s not enough only from the viewpoint of state and modernity to look at Puning Temple and the history of ethnic relations indicated. This temple, after reconstruction, is rather the crosspoint of different perspectives from different historical backgrounds; and it is those dialogues between different points of view concerned with the temple that matter most in understanding it.

Internet has been developing rapidly in China, which made Chinese multi-ethnic culture experience great deconstruction and reconstruction. Meanwhile, it provides sufficient discourse space for those who seldom had a chance to express themselves sufficiently in mass media in the past. Taking Chinese Manchu as an example, this article describes that Chinese minority members are making cultural expressions and performances in cyberspace and realizing the reconstruction and imagination of the traditional community with their conscience from “In Itself” to “For Itself” under the guide of minority elites. On the other hand, the virtual community has become a new public space for Chinese minorities to strive for political, economical and cultural discourse rights and legal interests, and an important power to promote Chinese democratic process.The Chinese concept of “harmonious but different”, which has been a virtue to maintain harmony from time immemorial, should also be a principle of dialogue among different civilizations. Only by this can a common homeland shared by all ethnic groups be cultivated in cyberspace.

The purpose of this study is to suggest a practical model of cosmopolitan education on the basis of the trust of others with culturally different backgrounds. To this end, this study used literary review as research method. First, this study provided the theoretical overview of discussion and problem on classical cosmopolitan education. And furthermore, this study dealt with a uniqueness of trust in educational context as an asymmetrical power of human formation. Lastly, this study concluded that trusting others with different cultural backgrounds can be a practical training to be a cosmopolitan. Thus, this study contributes to the extension of discussion of cosmopolitan education and provides practical implications in cosmopolitan education