Earticle

In optimum design of packaging contain er for bulk mat erials, minimum b oard ar ea, compres sion performance and distribution efficiency must be considered. In this study, math ematical models for minimum board area (RMA), compression strength(CS ) and maximum compres sion strength perunit board area (MCSA) of cont ainer as algorithm for optimum design packaging conatiner for bulk materials were developed as follows : RMA = f (V, D), a RMA = f ( V , D) , MCSA = f ( V ,D), and a M CSA = f (V, D). In order to develop these models, compres sion test according to various dimensions of cont ainer and response surface analysis for minimum board ar ea, compression strength, and maximum compres sion str ength per unit board area of cont ainer were carried out . In developed models, volume and depth of container were principal in dependent variables. Through the verified r esult s for these models, optimum design of packaging cont ainer on the design conditions and limit conditions was possible. These models might be used in developing optimum design software of packaging container for bulk materials .

If optimum design t echnique is applied in the design of packagin g container for bulk materials, merits on the side of not only economic and compression performance but distribution efficien cy are expected. In this study, on the ground of the optimum models for required board area and compression strength performance, optimum design program having faculties of outward and inward optimum design and information design was developed. This program was composed of input module, output module, dat abase and manag ement module, and calculation module. Though the packaging specification sars same, requied board area, board composition and cost of container were greatly different according to exterior packaging conditions. Also, about 12% in weight of container was lighter, and about 13∼17% in cost of cont ainer was reduced when the program was applied for 2 kinds of bulk mat erials

개발한 EPS 포장상자가 사과의 신선도 유지효과 기능이 있는지의 여부를 조사코 자 사과를 포장하여 20 ℃에 저장하면서 골판지상자와 0.02와 0.04mm 두께의 LDPE필름, 기능성 MA필름과 50배로 발포시킨 EPS 상자에 사과를 15kg씩 포장하 여 포장재간의 신선도 유지효과를 비교하였다. 저장 40일 후 중량감소는 대조구는 5.7%, EPS 상자는 0.5%의 중량감소가 나타났고, 비타민C도 2.06과 2.31 mg%로 EPS 포장구가 높게 유지 되고 있었다. 당도와 산도는 포장구간에 큰 차이가 없었 으며 부패의 경우 대조구는 상자당 3- 5개과가 발생했으나 EPS포장구는 발생하지 않았으며 외관도 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

This study was measured weight loss, total ascorbic acid, titratable acidity , and soluble solids content to investigate the effect of EPS(expanded polystyrene foam) box , LDPE film pouches and double wall corrugat ed fiberboard box during storage at 20℃. Weight loss of apple packed with corrugat ed paperboard box after 40 day s storage was 5.7%, and those of LDPE, CE film and EPS box were 0.2- 0.5%. Ascorbic acid content of apple packed with LDPE, CE , EPS was higher than that of control. T itratable acidity and tot al soluble solid content of control were changed 40% and 10%, and the EPS were changed 27%and 4%, respectively . Overall appearances of 'Fuji ' apple packed with LDPE, CE and EPS were better than that of control.

The in creasing use of plastics in food packaging mat erials has led to the issue of food - packaging mutu al inter actions from residues in the plastics . Plastic films are commonly print ed by using solvent - based ink t o decorate the packaged food for consumer attention. However, the residual solvents can not be completely removed and they can migrat e into the contained food which lead t o undesir able off- flavors. Partitioning (Kp) of printing ink solvent s was studied in two types of pla stic films with differ ent chemical structu e and polarity. At 25 。C, Kp of toluene is higher than that of isopropan ol in PP, but isopropanol showed higher Kp value than toluene in EVOH. This showed that polarity had a significant effect on the partitioning of printing ink solvents into the plastic films. Printing solvent s had a higher affinity to the polymer with similar polarity that it did to the different one.

The level of plasticizer such as diethyl phthalate (DEP ), di- n - propyl phthalate (DprP ), di- n - butyl phthalate (DBP), di- n - pentyl phthalate (DPP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di- (2- ethylh exyl) phthalate (DEHP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di- (2- ethylhexyl) adipate were det ermined in disposable sanitary gloves. Samples of dispos able sanitary gloves were taken at retail shop , and their over all extraction sin carbon tetrachloride were measured, afterest ablishment of soxhlet appratus in 6 hours. All of 8 samples of dispos able sanitary gloves at retail shops were poly ethylene (PE). All of the manufactures were voluntarily labelled their boxes of gloves in line Korea Food Code. The level of phthalate esters and DEHA in all of 8 samples were not exceed the detection limit . The detection limits of DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP and DEHA were 1.8, 1.9, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 2.1 and 0.8 mg/ L, respectively.

10개월 숙성된 전통 된장과 고추장을 232 mL의 유리병 용기에 포장조건을 다르게 하여 각각 180g과 150g 씩 포장하고, 13℃에서 저장하면서 포장내의 기체조성, 색택, 총산, pH 등의 품질변화를 측정하였 다. 포장 처리구로서는 핀홀을 장착시켜서 통기성을 준 경우와 CO2 흡수제로서 Ca (OH )2를 장착시킨 경 우에 대하여 실험하였다. 된장과 고추장 모두에서 대조구 밀봉포장은 저장 중 높은 CO2 분압의 증가를 일으키고 O2 분압의 감소소멸를 나타내나, 질소분압은 비교적 일정한 수준에서 유지하여 높은 압력을 발생시켰다. 반면에 Ca (OH )2 함유 포장에서는 저장 70일부근까지 비교적 낮은 CO2 분압를 유지하여서 큰 압력 발생 없이 저장이 가능하였다. 핀홀을 장착시킨 통기성 포장에서는 O2 분압과 N2 분압이 감소 하고 CO2 분압은 계속 상승한 후, 완만히 감소하였다. 이러한 포장내의 기체조성의 변화는 장류의 품 질변화에 영향을 미쳐서 핀홀을 가진 포장에서 그 변화의 정도가 상대적으로 약간 작았으나, 된장 포장 의 경우 저장 120일 이후에 곰팡이 오염과 성장의 문제점을 가지고 있었다. 저장 70 여일 후에 측정한 미생물 군집의 변화에서는 포장간에 뚜렷한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 핀홀 포장은 저장 전기간동안 포장내에 압력 발생없이 낮은 O2 농도와 높은 CO2 농도를 유지하여 상대적으로 작은 품질변화를 얻을 수 있는 것으로 평가되나 냄새유출과 외부로부터의 오염 문제의 해결을 필요로 한다.

180g of fermented soy paste and 150g of red pepper paste were packaged in glass jars of 232 mL with different conditions of active packaging and then stored at 13℃ for about 170 an d 128 day s , r espectiv ely . Durin g the st or ag e, package atmosphere, surface color , pH, acidity and microbial flor a were monit ored to see the effect of pack aging conditions. Test packaging conditions include package equipped with Ca (OH )2 as CO2 absorber , package with pinhole and closed control one. Closed control packages of soypast e and red pepper paste showed the increa sed CO2 partial pressure, the decreased O2 partial pres sure and the constant N2 partial pr es sur e to produ ce high pres sur e buildup with stor age. T h e past e packages with Ca (OH )2 maintained relatively low CO2 partial pres sure and thus the package pressure close to normal atmospheric pressure for initial storage period of 70 days. The packages with air pinh ole ch annel had the partial pressures of O2 and N2 decreased with storage time, while CO2 partial pressure first increased to a maximum and then slowly decr ea sed ther eafter . Without any pr es sur e incr eas e th e pack ages with pinh ole gav e the lowest qu ality changes possibly due t o the effect of package atmosphere, but it had problem of mold contamination and growth for soy paste after 120 days. There were no difference in microbial flor a between the packages after about 70 day storage.

This study was carried out to investigate dropping shock of household electric appliances during mat erials handling. Microwave oven (18ℓ), TV (16˝) and washing machine (6.2kg) were singled out as the study items. From the results of dropping test by KS A 1026 (General Rules of Performance Testing for Packaged Freights), relative equations were gained as follow : y = 0.0863x + 10.032 for microwave oven , y = 0.136x + 7.85 for TV and y = 0.214x + 5.8 for washing machine (where y is G- fact or and x is Dropping height ). The maximum values of dropping shock during materials handling were measured t o be 11∼14G for microwave oven , 12∼15G for TV and 10∼12G for washing machine. The maximum shocks of microwave oven, TV and washing machine during materials handling were corresponding to dropping shocks of dropping height 45.98cm, 52.57cm and 28.97cm by KS A 1026.

Chitosan films were prepared using four types of chitosans with different molecular weight and the effect of molecular weight of chitosan on select ed film properties such as color , water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility (WS), tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (E) was investigated. Generally , the total color difference (ΔE) and WS of the films decreased, while T S and E of the films increased as molecular weight of chitosan increased. WVP of the films did not show any significant relationship with molecular weight of chitosan.