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Purpose: This study aims to explore the perception and acceptability of male and female adults on the proposed guidelines for low risk drinking. Method: Two focus group interviews were performed separately to explore the characteristics of drinking behavior and the level of acceptabilities on guidelines. Semantic network analysis was used to investigate the relationship between keywords, and some network characteristics were produced using community analysis with eigenvector centrality. Result: Each 22 and 29 meaningful key words were extracted from the male and female text, and it was found that four sub-communities constituted through community analysis. Key words related to social factors indicated high centrality in texts of both men and women, but they perceived the idea of reducing drinking differently. Conclusion: Most participants were reluctant or skeptical on practicing the proposed guidelines in terms of feasibility. As it is the introductory phase of adopting drinking guidelines, the findings suggest that more research findings through open discussion among general public and policy impact analysis should be undertaken to reflect the gender differences in drinking behavior, and to establish realistic and feasible approaches.

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to assess the effects of cognitive behavioral group art therapy on depression, anxiety and abstinence self-efficacy of female alcoholics. Methods: The participants of this experiment were a total of 20 female alcoholics admitted at A Hospital located in Gyeongido. The participants were divided into the experimental group and the control group both composed of 10 persons. The cognitive behavioral group art therapy was conducted twice a week for 90 minutes per session, for a total of 12 sessions on the experimental group. No art therapy was conducted on the control group. Before and after conducting the group art therapy, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), and Situational Confidence Questionnaire(SCQ -39) were conducted on the two groups. The statistical significance of the mean difference betweeen pre-test and post-test was determined by t-test using SPSS(PASW Statistics) 18.0. Whether there were significant differences in the ex post factor scores between experimental group and control group was tested by ANCOVA. Results: This result demonstrated that the cognitive behavioral group art therapy was effective in reducing the depression and anxiety of the female alcoholics. In addition, the cognitive behavioral group art therapy was effective in increasing abstinence self-efficacy of the female alcoholics. Conclusions: This research has shown that the cognitive behavioral group art therapy was an effective complementary psychological intervention for relapse prevention and prognosis of alcohol addiction of female alcoholics

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the posts of alcohols brands on Instagram to evaluate the marketing features preferred by young generations. Method: The CAY(Content Appealing to Youth) Index was utilized to analyze the instagram accounts of the top 9 beer brands and 4 Soju brands in Korea. Three coders analysed a total of 224 posts from the brands’ official Instagram accounts. Results: The results showed that many posts integrated youth appealing factors such as positive emotional experiences and use of celebrities. The posts also emphasized individuality as well as social relationship. The most frequently used appeal was humor. Conclusion: The advertisements and posts on instagram are likely to create positive inclinations to young generations towards alcohol. Moreover, positive attitude towards drinking culture and alcohol brands can be enhanced due to the influence of alcohol brands’ SNS marketing.

Objective: Instead of focusing on the classification of drinking type based on sex and gender, this study aimed to identify the nature of drinking motives among high-risk drinkers, to develop preventive strategies. Methods: This research involved a cross-sectional study of adults aged between 19 and 59 years who stated that their drinking frequency over the past year had been more than once a month. They were selected in 2018 from a panel of subjects enrolled by existing domestic survey companies. The sample size and methods used for analysis were determined by considering demographically proportioned stratified sampling and monthly alcohol drinking rate. A total of 3,000 subjects responded to questionnaires. Results: Men in their 30s and 50s and women in their 30s were identified as excessive drinking groups. A norm existed among men in their 50s that caused them to have difficulty resisting social pressure to drink. Among men in their 30s, there existed a strong tendency to drink for the purpose of socializing in a small, intimate in-group and a culture influenced by alcohol use as a show of masculinity. Unlike men, women in their 30s did not drink much for social or entertainment purposes but tended to do so mainly for personal reasons. Conclusion: This study will contribute to determining the nature of drinking motives, based on the behavior of different generations of high-risk drinkers.

Objectives: Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can adversely affect the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. Although the drinking alcohol rate of Korean women is gradually increasing, studies on the drinking alcohol rate of pregnant women during pregnancy are insufficient. In particular, few studies have been conducted on the variables that can predict drinking alcohol behavior during pregnancy. Methods: In 2017, we administered a self-report questionnaire for pregnant women less than 30 days before the due date of visiting a university hospital and a specialized hospital. We investigated the demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the drinking alcohol history of pregnant women. Results: The average age of 306 subjects was 33.4±4.2, and the average years of education was 15.3±1.8. In the CAGE, 17.0% responded ‘yes’ to more than two questions, and 37.6% responded if they had ever experienced a blackout or blackouts. The rate of drinking alcohol during pregnancy was 27.1%, including the period when respondents were unaware of being pregnant. And after respondents became aware of being pregnant, 7.2% experienced drinking alcohol. Significant variables explaining pregnant women who continue to drink alcohol even after knowing that they are pregnant were: the education of pregnant women (p<.001), family history of drinking alcohol (p<.05), and experiences of drinking alcohol before becoming pregnant (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a large number of pregnant women continued to drink alcohol during pregnancy. Thus, these results suggest that more non-drinking alcohol pregnant women should devise appropriate anti-drinking alcohol education programs for pregnant women who drink alcohol during pregnancy.

Objectives: Previous studies have overlooked adolescents’ alcohol access in the home and social access through parents. This study was conducted to understand how drinking culture at home, parents’ views on adolescent drinking, and parents’ perception of recent adolescent drinking issues are related to the level of parents’ problem drinking and the permission of drinking for adolescent children. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey and conducted an online survey. A total of 362 parents who live in Seoul responded to questionnaires. Results: Despite the fact that parents knew that adolescents were vulnerable to alcohol, there was a tendency to keep alcohol at home where children could easily reach, and to drinking alcohol in the presence of children. This tendency was positively related with the level of parents’ problem drinking, but not with the permission of drinking for adolescent children. Parents wanted to drink their children late, but they supply alcohol to their children. This is because they thought that they could teach them to drink responsibly and provide a safe place to drink. Regarding the prevention of alcohol use in adolescents, there was a positive relationship between the level of parents problem drinking and raise alcohol price, but negative relationship between permission of adolescent drinking and increase of alcohol price. Conclusions: Parents and home-based efforts are needed to protect adolescent children from drinking.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationships between processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy by stages of change in abstinence behavior among users of community addiction management centers in Korea. Based on the findings, it also aimed to provide basic data to develop effective recovery support programs for community addiction management centers and establish addiction prevention policies. Methods: The subjects of this study are 141 users aged 20 or older who are registered under the Community Addiction Management Center of S-gu in G City. Data were collected using self-report surveys on stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy for alcohol abstinence. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: In terms of the distribution of stages of change in abstinence, 57.5% fell under the maintenance stage, and the processes of change by stages of change showed that those in the maintenance stage had higher scores than those in the precontemplation stage. The scores of cognitive processes were higher at the beginning stages, and the scores of behavioral processes were higher at later stages. The decisional balance of alcohol abstinence showed high levels of awareness of the damages from drinking, and there were significant differences in abstinence self-efficacy by stages of change. Positive correlations were found between stages of change and self-efficacy. For processes of change of alcohol abstinence, the cognitive processes showed positive correlations with the behavioral processes and the decisional balance loss factor, and the behavioral processes had positive correlations with the decisional balance loss factor. In terms of the decisional balance, the benefit factor had negative correlations with self-efficacy. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish strategies on processes of change by considering stages of change in abstinence by users, and develop local community-based alcoholic intervention programs that emphasize the harmfulness of drinking and reinforce self-efficacy. Furthermore, there should be political support to develop such programs and strategies.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify longitudinal changes in poverty and depression by elderly household type, and to investigate the relationship between two trajectories over time. Methods: For analysis, data from the Korean Welfare Panel (1st to 10th waves) were used and analyzed 1,988 young-old with semi-parametric group-based model and dual trajectory model. Results: In the results, the depression trajectory was divided into 3 types for the persistent alone group and 6 types for the persistent non-alone group, and the poverty trajectory showed 3 types for persistently alone elderly group and 5 types for persistently non-alone elderly group. As a result of examining the long-term changes in both trajectories at the same time, the group of elderly living alone was more vulnerable to the chronic situation of poverty and depression than the group of elderly living alone non-permanently. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was suggested the implications of poverty and depression intervention according to household types as well as longitudinal understanding of poverty and depression among the elderly