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Objectives: This study examines the effect of job stress of employees to depression and defines moderating effect of quantities and frequencies of drinking and then it tries to propose intervention methods to reduce depression of employees. Methods: For this study, 701 employees were surveyed who lived in Seoul, Metropolitan Seoul area, and Busan. Descriptive analysis and Multiple-regression analysis was utilized to test research hypothesis. Results: The main results of this study are as follows. First, this study demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between job stress and depression. Second, it demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between quantities of drinking and depression. It means that depression increased as quantities of drinking increased. Third, quantities of drinking had moderating effect within the relationship of job stress and depression. However, frequencies of drinking did not have moderating effect within the relationship of job stress and depression. Conclusion: Based on the research results, First, Employee Assistance Programs need to be developed and provided for employees in order to reduce job stress and prevent depression. Second, drinking prevention programs need to be established that would reduce quantities and frequencies of drinking. Third, leisure and exercise programs need to be developed for employees and utilized by them in order to reduce alcohol consumption and prevent binge drinking. Forth, agencies specialized in alcohol abuse and alcohol counseling need to be increased in order to have healthy drinking culture.

Objectives: This study investigated how the knowledge of alcohol and attitudes toward alcohol use were related to intention to use alcohol and problematic drink among people in the early adolescence.Methods: The participants were 440 male and female students who were studying at two middle schools located Seoul and Chungcheongnam-Do, whose ages ranged from 12 to 16 (M=13.73, SD=1.03). Knowledge of alcohol effects, positive and negative attitudes toward alcohol use, intention to abstention, impulse to drink alcohol beverage, and problematic drink were measured for this study.Results: One out of three participants in this study reported the experience of alcohol use. Results indicated that females had more accurate knowledge and showed more negative attitudes than males, while they also more frequently showed impulse to drink alcohol beverage than males. Relations of knowledge of alcohol and attitudes toward alcohol use to intention to use alcohol and problematic drink were more prominent for female students. Step-wise regression analyses revealed that knowledge of alcohol was not a significant predictor of intention to abstention and impulse to drink alcohol beverage as well as drinking problem, yet positive attitudes toward alcohol use accounted for the most variance. Conclusions: One out of three participants in this study reported the experience of alcohol use. Results indicated that females had more accurate knowledge and showed more negative attitudes than males, while they also more frequently showed impulse to drink alcohol beverage than males. Relations of knowledge of alcohol and attitudes toward alcohol use to intention to use alcohol and problematic drink were more prominent for female students. Step-wise regression analyses revealed that knowledge of alcohol was not a significant predictor of intention to abstention and impulse to drink alcohol beverage as well as drinking problem, yet positive attitudes toward alcohol use accounted for the most variance.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alcohol use and mental health factors(depression, stress, quality of life) on the suicide ideation of elderly. For this purpose, this study was conducted to examine whether mental health factors, alcohol use of elderly have influenced on the suicidal ideation. Methods: The participants of this study were 720 individuals aged 65 and over who participated in the Forth Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, and logistic regression.Results:: First, 15. 7% of participants were high risk drinkers and 13.1% of participants were problem drinkers. Second, sex, educational status, health status, living status were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Third, alcohol consumption, stress, quality of life were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of developing effective suicide prevention program of the elderly and more practical focus on the alcohol use, mental health status.

Objectives: This study was to analyse characteristics and factors associated with high risk drinking among Korean women drinkers. High risk drinking means to describe that consumes 5 or more drinks of alcohol for a while. Methods: 2007 National Health and Nutrition Survey was used sample of 869 adult women 20 to 64 age who have had at least one drink during previous one year. Results: Frist, 20s, unmarried women, high school graduated people and sale, service worker were high as high risk drinking. Second, smoking, irregular dietary habit, continuously 2 weeks depression and suicide thinking were many. Third, drinking patterns involved initial aged, frequency, self-control failure, life trouble, injury and temperate advice from family or doctors were high. Finally, multiple logistic analysis showed that age, martial status, education level, occupation and smoking were significantly related to high risk drinking; 20s had OR 2.71, unmarried status had OR 2.12, high school graduation had OR 1.77, service, sales worker had OR 2.74 and present smoker had OR 2.42, past smoker had OR 2.28. Conclusion: In association influenced factors of high risk drinking, it is important to develop appropriate health promotion programs for high drinking and moderate drinking behavior women.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of therapeutic factors of Alcoholics Anonymous on Alcoholics' willingness for abstinence, and to explore the moderating role of resilience in the relationship. Methods: The sample of the study included 236 alcoholics from six AA groups from around the country. The participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The results showed that people with higher spirituality and social support as well as more optimistic views on life had higher abstinence self-efficacy. Participants with higher resilience also showed higher abstinence self-efficacy. Resilience had a significant influence on the relationship between therapeutic factors of AA and abstinence efficacy. Higher resilience demonstrated higher willingness to stop drinking. Discussion: Current study findings indicate that interventions on alcoholics should focus on increasing social support and spirituality as well as increasing individuals' resilience. A better understanding of Alcoholics Anonymous, abstinence self efficacy and resilience is expected to render development in more effective interventions for alcoholic clients in the future.

Objectives: Health risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and sexual intercourse among adolescents are significant public health problems. Recent data indicate that smoking, alcohol consumption, and sexual intercourse in adolescents have been increasing steadily in South Korea. Few studies of smoking, alcohol consumption, and sexual intercourse for adolescents have been conducted simultaneously. This study is to examine relationships with socio-demographic variables, current smoking, dosage of alcohol consumption, sexual-related behaviors and sexual intercourse among adolescents in Seoul city, Korea.Methods: The population of this study was junior and senior high students in Seoul, Korea. Eight junior high schools and eight senior high schools were randomly selected from Seoul City. Two thousand nine hundred and ninety-six responses from the sixteen schools were analyzed (fifty-nine were excluded). Adolescents' self-reports on smoking, d alcohol behavior, sexual related behaviors and sexual intercourse were used.Results: The proportions of sexual intercourse were 2.6 % for middle school students and 7.2% for high school students. Boys were more likely to take part in sexual behaviors (use of pornographic materials, masturbation, kiss, and sexual intercourse). Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, use of pornographic materials, masturbation, kiss, and self-control were found to be associated with each other reciprocally. Results revealed that Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, use of pornographic materials, masturbation, kiss, and self-control predicted sexual intercourse. For male adolescents, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and self-control predicted sexual intercourse. For female students, tobacco use, use of pornographic materials, masturbation, kiss, and self-control predicted sexual intercourse.Conclusion: This study suggests that adolescents are risk-taking behaviors simultaneously. To prevent adolescents health risk-taking behaviors we should develop practical educational principles that focus on delaying a young persons first use of cigarettes and alcohol. Health education should be considered to establish a compulsory curriculum as part of the school curriculum to offer health education systematically and comprehensively.

Objectives: As Korea is moved into aging society and our life span has extended, the conjugal relationship of the elderly is also considered important in our lives. However, little has been done in the research of the elderly couples. This study was conducted to find out the effects of problem drinking of spouse and conjugal violence on mental health status among the elderly. Methods: The participants of this study were 137 elderly, who have their spouses. The data were analyzed by frequency and hierarchial multiple regression.Results: First, the economic status of the elderly was associated with their level of anxiety, depression, and somatization. Second, The problem drinking of their spouses had no significant influence on anxiety of the elderly. The conjugal violence, especially verbal abuse, had significant influence on their level of anxiety. Third, Both problem drinking of their spouse and conjugal violence, especially minor physical abuse and verbal abuse, had significant influence on depression of the elderly when they co-existed.Fourth, problem drinking of their spouse had significant influence on their somatization. Also, both problem drinking of their spouse and conjugal violence, especially severe physical abuse and verbal abuse, had more significant influence on somatization of the elderly when they co-existed than problem drinking alone.Conclusion: Based on these findings, practical strategies of prevention and intervention for the elderly couples were suggested to improve their conjugal relationship and mental health.

Objectives: The subject of this research is as follows; ‘Does spirituality of ACOAs influence the subjective well-being of ACOAs?’ It conducted the example research upon the grown-up university students who grew up under the alcoholic parents through regression analysis, focusing on whether the alcoholic parents have an effect on the subjective well-being.Method: Moreover, it also conducted research about whether there are differences among ACOAs groups upon their spiritual level through independent sample t-test. Results: According to the result, there was statistically significant difference among the students’ level of subjective well-being (self-esteem and life satisfaction) upon the level of parents’ alcohol addiction. Conclusion: Based on the result, it mentioned the importance of spirituality, the role, intervention method in social welfare practice, limitation of the study and suggestions for further studies in conclusion and implication part.

Objectives: This study was designed to find out the influences of alcohol among injury patients in Emergency Room and analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of alcohol-related injury patients. Method: The participants in this study were injured patients from the Emergency Rooms of four General Hospitals in four big cities in South Korea. From October 2008 to July 2009, each hospital interviewed 500 injured patients who were over 18 years old. The hospitals followed WHO protocol and procedure. 1,989 cases were used in the final analysis. Results: The major findings may be summarized as follows:1. According to the ICD10 Y91 code, when the injured patient arrived at the Emergency Room, 0.7% of patients were severely drunk, 1.8% had a high level of drunkeness, 5.4% had a medium level of drunkeness, and 12.3% had a light level of drunkeness. All together, 20.2% of injuries were alcohol related.2. The results of the Breathalyzer test showed that 15.6% of patients had over 0.01 Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level. 3. 23.6% injured patients had been drinking within 6 hours prior to the injury.4. Men were 2.67 times more likely to be injured than women in alcohol related incidents, and people under the age of 49 have 1.53 times more possibilities of being injured in alcohol related incidents than people over 50 years old.