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Objectives: Adolescence is an important time when physical, psychological and social change and maturity is made. This study aims to examine Post-Adolescent alcohol use factors between Relationship with Family and Friends through Self-esteem and negative mood. Methods: For the purpose, this study analyzed data for 2,816 youths who have using alcohol in the second year middle school student for the six wave of the Korean Youth Panel Survey. Collected data were analysed by Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS 18.0 and SPSS 19.0. Results: As the result of study, relationship with family and friends has a significant effect on alcohol use. Positive relationship with a family affect reducing alcohol use through self-esteem. Whereas relationship with friends increased alcohol use. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, implications for practice to prevent adolescent from drinking and for future studies were discussed. This study suggests that the length of the program be extended and the program be replicated by future researchers in order to make the program more effective.

Objectives: This study examined that Drinking aspect and Drinking level of community residents affected differences among related factors. We hope the results of this study would provide the fundamental materials with Alcohol workshop and policy in community. Methods: By stratified quota random sampling, the participants were enrolled 973 adults in 20-50, who live in C city of Gangwon Province. They were surveyed by using AUDIT-K, Perceived Stress Scale, Alcohol Expectancy Scale, and Korean version of the Self-Compassion Scale. For the data analyses, chi-square test and independent sample t-test were used. Results: 33.9% of the participants were hazardous drinkers and 66.1% of them were normal drinkers. According to gender, age, marital status, religion, house type and occupation, hazardous drinking group and normal drinking group showed different frequencies. Drinking level had significant positive correlation with perceived stress, positive alcohol expectancy and negative alcohol expectancy, but drinking level had negative correlation with self-compassion. Hazardous drinking group had high perceived stress level and high positive and negative expectancy to alcohol significantly. At level of self-compassion, hazardous drinking group showed higher level than normal drinking group. Especially, significant differences were showed between two groups in self-judgement, common humanity, isolation and over-identification. Conclusion: This result suggested that self-compassion would be key role in problematic drinking behavior in addition to severe stress and alcohol expectancy.

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effects of disease diagnosis on reducing alcohol consumption behavior in Korean drinkers. Method: A face to face interview method questionnaire survey was conducted for 385 male drinkers(64.6%) and 211 female drinkers(35.4%). Results: The mean ages of respondents were 57.3±14.8 for the male respondents, and 60.9±15.0 for the female respondents. The AUDIT score(12.42±7.76) in male drinkers who did not reduce alcohol consumption because of disease diagnosis was significantly higher than the AUDIT score(8.09±7.96) in male drinkers who reduced alcohol consumption(p< .001). In male drinkers there was a significantly reduced alcohol consumption in cancer(76.9%, p< .001), cardiovascular disease(68.4%, p< .01), liver cirrhosis(63.6%, p< .05) than male drinkers who did not diagnose as a patient. In female drinkers alcohol consumption was significantly more reduced alcohol consumption in peptic ulcer(62.5%, p< .01), cardiovascular disease(42.9 %, p< .05) and diabetes mellitus patients(63.6%, p< .05) than in female drinkers who were not diagnosed as a patients. Drinkers who were diagnosed as patients were 5.1 times more likely to reduce alcohol consumption in cardiovascular disease, 4.2 times in cancer, 5.0 times in liver cirrhosis, 1.9 times in diabetes mellitus, 2.1 times in gastritis. Conclusion: Although drinkers who have diagnosed of fatty liver, hypertension, they did not reduce alcohol consumption. Therefore we need further educational programs, interventions and/or guidelines for the patients diagnosed with a disease.

Objective: This study is to identify traumatic experiences, PTSD, and alcohol use of government officials who worked in front line for burying and disposal of lived animals during foot-and-mouth disease epidemic. Methods: The participants of this study were 442 government officials who worked in front line during foot-and-mouth disease epidemic. The frequency analysis, T-test, and One-way ANOVA were conducted to find out differences of drinking frequency, drinking amount, and binge drinking concerning socio-demographic characteristics, whether to have traumatic experiences or not, and PTSD. Results: First, the characteristics of alcohol use among participants are as follows. The rate of alcohol use was 91%, frequency of drinking was 51.4% in 2-4 times a month, and 27.3% in 2-3 times a week. The high risk alcohol use, which drinks 7 glasses or more was 59.4% and frequency of binge drinking was 70% in more than once a month. Second, the differences of drinking frequency concerning age were statistically significant but the result of scheffe test was not significant. Third, the differences of alcohol use concerning serious injury of self were statistically significant. The mean scores of other traits of alcohol use such as drinking frequency, drinking amount, and frequency of binge drinking were high in the group who experienced serious injury of self, serious injury of others, threatened death of self, threatened death of others, and high risk in PTSD even though there were no statistical significances. Conclusion: The practical suggestions of intervention for government officials who experienced foot-and-mouth disease trauma and their alcohol use were made based on this study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate effectiveness of inpatient program on the recovering process among alcoholics. The treatment group cpnsisted of 18 alcohol inpatients who completed 12 weeks alcohol treatment program and the experimental group consisted of 68 alcohol inpatients who dropped alcohol treatment or didn't participate in 12 weeks alcohol treatment. Methods: Data for this study were collected through face to face survey by mental health professional. Subjects were screened for IDS-42, AWARE, HAIS, DTCQ-8, Motivation Inventory. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: First, there were no significant difference between the treatment group and experimental group regarding sociodemograpic and clinical features. But the duration of treatment and insight before the admission showed significant difference. Second, significant differences between the treatment group and experimental group showed relapse warning sign and insight when controlled duration of treatment, insight after the treatment. Third. There were significant differences regarding the abstinence self-efficacy, motivation of change and insight of drinking risk situation on both group. Especially the treatment group showed more higher insight of drinking risk situation, abstinence self-efficacy and motivation of change. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of developing effective treatment program of alcoholics and more intensive focus on recovering process.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of maladaptive schema and coping style on the relation between parental drinking problem and adolescent's drinking behavior. Methods: A total of 353 second year high school students(195 males and 158 females) were assessed CAST-K, YSQ-SF, PF-SOC and AAIS. The collected data were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis and simple-main effect analysis. Results: Results of this study were as follows. Frist, maladaptive schema had a significant moderating effects on relation between parental drinking problem and adolescent's drinking behavior. impaired limits, overvigilance and inhibition domain moderated negative effects of parental drinking problem and adolescent's drinking behavior. Second, suppressive coping style showed a significant moderating effects on relation between parental drinking problem and adolescent's drinking behavior. Conclusion: The present study suggest that effort are needed to improve adolescent's maladaptive schema and coping style order to prevent their drinking behavior caused by parental drinking problem.

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to provide basic data for understanding alcohol drinking behavior and related factors of the refugees from North Korea in order to find the way of improving their health status and quality of life as well as achieving health equality. Methods: The subjects were 153 who settled down in S city from North Korea. Data were collected by a home visiting nurse and a counselor directly using the assessment tools which were applied to the customized home visiting health care services. Results: The most of subjects was very poor in economical status and relatively unstable in family structure. Their drinking rate based on a month was 32.0% that was lower than National Health Interview Survey conducted in 2010. Among lifetime drinkers, 20.6%(13) started alcohol drinking after immigration into South Korea. In multiple logistic regression analysis, probability of alcohol drinking increased in subjects who were below 44 years old, evaluated their health status was good or very good, and lived in South Korea for 10years or over. Conclusions: A consistent and comprehensive health promotion program should be developed for preventing alcohol drinking and binge drinking of the refugees’ from North Korea. Age, subjective health status, and South Korea inclusion period should be considered in developing program.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate problematic alcohol use of male students who were using alcohol and cigarette concurrently, and examine relations of their problematic alcohol use and motivation for alcohol use and smoking motives to provide useful information for intervention of drinking problem. Methods: The participants were 501 male college students (233 alcohol and cigarette concurrent users and 268 only alcohol users) living in Seoul and suburbs, whose ages ranged from 19 to 28, and average was 22.10 (SD=2.55). Psychological testings were used to measure Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Drinking Motive Scale, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and Smoking Motivation Questionnaire. Results: Concurrent male users of alcohol and cigarette showed higher level of problematic drinking, such as hazardous drinking, dependent drinking, and harmful drinking than only alcohol users. And, concurrent male users of alcohol and cigarette also showed more enhancement motives and coping motives for alcohol use than only alcohol users. Social motives and coping motives for alcohol use were positively correlated with control of negative emotion and relaxation motives for cigarette use. Enhancement motives and conformity motives for alcohol use were positively correlated with habitual smoking and intellectual stimulation. Four motivations for alcohol use were accounted 40.5% variance of problematic drinking, and enhancement, conformity, and coping motives for alcohol use were significant predictors for problematic drinking in regression model. Five motivations for cigarette use were accounted 17.9% variance of problematic drinking, and habitual smoking, intellectual stimulation, and social attraction motives for cigarette use were significant predictors for problematic drinking in regression model. Conclusion: The present study suggests that concurrent male users of alcohol and cigarette have more severe drinking problems. And, motivation for smoking motives as well as alcohol use were critical factors for problematic alcohol use among concurrent male users of alcohol and cigarette.

Objectives: To pursue practical measures to prevent suicide ideations of college students, this study is conducted to verify moderating effects of protective factors at the ecological level of the impact parents’ alcoholism on suicide ideations of children, which is known relevant to university students’ suicide. Method: To verify research items, a survey was conducted for 418 male and female students of universities and analysis was made by using PASW Statistics 18.0 program. Result: First, there was no difference in suicide ideations depending on gender, a moderating variable and depression and abuse experience from their parents were higher in ACOAs group than in non-ACOAs. Second, parents’ alcoholism does not have an impact on suicide ideations of children under university education. Third, self-esteem, family function and social supports designated as protective factors were shown to have statistically meaningful influence. Forth, self-esteem, family function, social support and moderating effects of self-esteem which was designated as protective factors were not identified. Conclusion: Based on such research outcomes, discussions on intervention strategies of society and welfare were made to prevent suicide ideations of college students.

Objectives: Recent surveys indicate that smoking, alcohol consumption, and sexual intercourse in adolescents have been increasing steadily in South Korea. This study seeks to examine relationships with socio-demographic variables, smoking, drinking behavior (early onset of drinking, drinking amount and drinking problems) and sexual intercourse among high school students in Korea. Methods: The 2011 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide dataset collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control, was used for analyses. The data contained a total of 35,668 (18,435 girls, 17,233 girls) high school students. Results: The rate of alcohol drinking experience and current alcohol drinkers were 65.5% and 29.5%, respectively. The prevalence of the problem drinking (defined as 2 or more points in the CRAFFT) among current drinkers was 44.7%. The factors that affected drinking behavior were sex, grade, self-rated health, the level of stress and family affluence scale. Conclusion: An analysis of a large national representative sample of Korean high school students confirmed the previous research regarding the relationship between alcohol behaviors and family affluence score (FAS). The FAS was shown to have statistically significant negative effect on adolescents’ drinking behavior. Intervention and prevention efforts for prevention of alcohol related problems should be considered.