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Objectives: The purpose of this article is to offer an analysis of drinking portrayals of TV drama and movie which that could influence adolescent's drinking. Methods: In order to focus our discussion, we designed the descriptive research design, and analyzed the drinking portrayals through the content analysis method. In this progress we referred to alcohol-related national policies. For the purposes of the study, we analyzed the drinking portrayals which is the 2,400 units of 70 dramas broadcasted in 2008 and 40 films ran in 2007. Results: We found that drinking portrayals of the dramas emerged average 1.7 per unit and 197.2 seconds, and the films produced average 4.26 per unit and 305.4 seconds. The drinkers of drinking portrayals looked young and attractive, and held a high social economy status. Besides, there were many drinking situations that could be use alternative methods for adolescent's emotional expression and escaping specific crisis themselves. Also, the dramas and movies presented adolescent's drinking portrayals, although drinking portrayals was 1% of dramas and 4% of films. Drinking portrayals on drama and movie were frequently produced at the public place. Conclusion: Drinking portrayals of drama and movie have hid some bad effects and problems of drinking as giving positive image for alcohol, and could incite adolescent's drinking as only showing positive effects of drinking. In order to make it possible for broadcasting to fulfill its social responsibility, it is advisable to make a self-regulation on drinking portrayals. And also surveillance and monitoring system should be reinforced.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between life stress, ego-resilience, and problem drinking, and examine the moderating effect of ego-resilience on the relationship between life stress and subjective problem drinking of college students to provide valuable information for intervention of college students' drinking problem. Methods: The participants were 326 college students (183 females) living in Seoul and suburbs, whose ages ranged from 17 to 33, and average was 20.08 (SD=2.45). Psychological testings were used to measure life stresses and ego-resilience, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and CAGE questions were used to measure problem drinking. Results: Life stress of college students, especially stress with boyfriend/girlfriend, family, and professors, were significantly correlated with problem drink measured by AUDIT and CAGE. Although ego-resilience were correlated with problem drinking, its additional accountability for variances of problem drink with life stress was not significant. And, life stress accounted for only around 5.0% of the variance for problem drink. The moderating effect of ego-resilience on life stress and problem drinking was not significant in hierarchical regression analyses, although students with low ego-resilience in stressful circumstance showed significant higher level of dangerous drinking than those in less stressful circumstance in simple main effect analysis. Conclusion: The present study reiterates roles of life stress on problem drinking, suggests that there was no buffering effect of ego-resilience on relationship between life stress and problem drink. It was discussed with previous studies and suggested the information for further studies and the intervention of problem drinking.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of moderate drinking intention and drinking environment on problem drinking among college students in Jeollabuk Do. For this purpose, this study was conducted to examine whether environmental factors, sexuality, moderate drinking intention of college students have influenced on problem drinking. Methods: The participants of this study were 445 college students. Data were collected using a self-administered survey. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, one way ANOVA, logistic regression. Results: First, 87.9% of participants were current drinker and male students showed more alcohol beverages, binge drinking, blackout experiences than female students. Especially 40.7% of female students reported first alcohol use after admission to the college and half of female drinker reported binge drinking pattern. Second, 31.3% of participants had moderate drinking and showed low motivation for sobriety. 68.9%of participants perceived poor drinking environment and experienced strong peer pressure in campus. Third, lack of moderate drinking intention, alcohol family history, more heavy drinking friends were associated with problem drinking. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of developing comprehensive alcohol intervention program of college students and specified intervention program.

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between alcohol use disorder and BMI among school teachers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Methods: A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample. A total of 59 elementary, middle and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were included, and 333 teachers (males 40.6%, females 59.4%) participated in this survey. A self-reported questionnaire consisted of AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), hight and weight. Data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Sheffee test, Pearson correlations and multiple regressions. Results: Lifetime alcohol use rate of school teachers was 83.6%, mean age of initial alcohol use was 19.8(±4.0) years old. Mean score of AUDIT was 7.1(±6.3), rate of alcohol use disorder(8≦AUDIT) was 37.6%. Mean score of BMI was 22.6(±2.7) and obesity rate(25≦BMI) was 19.0%. Teachers who were male and forty years or older had higher AUDIT score and BMI. Health and nutrition teachers had lower AUDIT score and BMI than others. Teachers who worked in elementary schools had lower AUDIT score than teachers in middle and high schools. Obese teachers(25≦BMI) had higher AUDIT score than other groups. Gender(male), age, and AUDIT were associated with BMI(adjusted R2=0.33). Conclusion: High alcohol use disorder was associated with BMI in male teacher, which increased with aging. Health promoting programs and monitoring system should be necessary for teachers' health.

Objectives: It is known that alcoholics drink when there was no appropriate coping skill to stress. It is often found that female alcoholics drink as the ways of coping under the stressful situation more than male alcoholics do. The purpose of this study was to identify stress and coping behavior of female alcoholics. Method: Participants were 73 female alcoholics who were admitted 11 alcohol treatment hospitals. Data were collected using a self-administered report. Results: Main findings are as follows. First, the mean of stress was 41.75 and the major stress areas of female alcoholics are physical health. Second, female alcoholics had stress on family relationship and conflicts rather than social relationship and participation. Third, most used coping behavior of female alcoholics was wishful thinking centered coping. Finally, it is found that the emotion-focused coping was not effective on the reducing the stress of the female alcoholics. Conclusion: The present study suggest that the needs for the program development in treatment and rehabilitation for focusing the stress and coping of female alcoholics.

Objectives: Drinking is very common and prevalent among Korean college students. Research studies in college drinking consistently report high rate of drinkers and drinking related problems in this population. The purpose of this study is to compare alcohol related behaviors and problems among college students between year 2006 and 2008. Methods: For the purposes of the study, two sets of college student samples were analyzed. The 2006 sample included 3,329 students and the 2008 sample included 2,536 students from six major provinces. Data were collected using a self-administered survey. Results: The main findings from the comparison are as follows. For both years, more than 95% had experienced drinking. The amount of alcohol intake did not change for males whereas the amount increased for females. Binge drinking also increased for females. Alcohol related problems were measured by CAGE and AUDIT, which showed that those who endorsed more than 2 items in CAGE increased from 20% in 2006 to 39% in 2008, and those who scored more than 8 points in AUDIT also increased for both male and female students (71% to 74 % and 39% to 53%, respectively). Conclusion: Current study findings indicate that overall drinking increased for college Students in Korea as well as alcohol related problems, and this pattern was more prominent for female students. The study results imply the need for more attention in prevention and treatment efforts for this college population.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which affect skin health and perceived skin condition of female adults. This study also included the alcohol consumption, stress and sleep deprivation for skin health and perceived skin condition to develop of skin health management program. Methods: The participants were 415 women who were dwelling at Seoul, Kyeonggi, and Incheon, whose ages ranged from 20 to 58 (M=35.73, SD=10.03). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and CAGE questions for drinking behavior, Psychosocial Wellbeing Index (PWI) short form for stress, and sleep deprivation scale were used. And skin condition questionnaire for measuring perceived skin condition, and perceived skin health scale were used for skin health. Results: Female problem drinkers and alcohol dependent drinkers showed more fatty skin condition and felt their skins less healthier than non-problem drinkers or non-alcohol dependent drinkers. Stress did not have a significant relationship with skin health. Sleep deprivation showed a significant relationship with fatty skin and sensitive skin condition. Skin health was affected by AUDIT score and sleep deprivation score after controlling other skin health related variables. Conclusion: It was discussed with previous studies and physiological phenomena, and suggested the informations for the intervention of hazardous drinking and life style including sleeping deprivation for skin health. Despite of some limitations of this study, it might provide useful informations to further studies and professionals in skin health promotion.

Objectives: Alcohol Drinking causes senior people to be affected by a variety of senile chronic diseases, and may lead to mental health problems such as reduced cognitive functions and dementia as well as financial, time-consuming and mental burden of family. Lately, there have been a lot of studies investigating potential factors that affect senior health behaviors like drinking, but most of them have been limited to certain sectional points. So there is not yet any follow-up study focusing on possible variations of senior health behaviors across different points of time. Methods: Thus, this study used follow-up survey on the same older adults to find out possible variations of senior health behaviors concerning drinking, and analyze potential factors affecting their abstinence from drinking. To this end, the study used the same questionnaire form to survey senior people (65 years of age or older) residing in a district of Incheon Metropolitan City in two phases (in 2003 and 2008, respectively). Results: The study results can be outlined as follows: First, according to the follow - up monitoring to see if senior drinkers found in 2003 quit drinking successfully in 2008, female respondents were 2.508 times more likely to quit drinking than male respondents, and Buddhist respondents were 0.317 times more likely to quit drinking than Christian respondents. Secondly, according to the follow-up monitoring to see if senior people who quit drinking in 2003 still kept abstaining from drinking in 2008, female respondents were 6.643 times more likely to keep abstaining from drinking than male respondents Catholic, Buddhist and nonreligious respondents were 0.115, 0.215 and 0.15 times more likely to keep abstaining from drinking than Christian respondents; and diabetic respondents were 2.02 times more likely to keep abstaining from drinking than non-diabetic respondents. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is required to develop senior health behavior improvement programs based on potential factors affecting senior people's abstinence from drinking, It is also important to conduct and further develop follow-up monitoring studies in the future.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to development in a program for preventing and improving adolescents' drinking damage, by grasping the influence of stress and alcohol impulsiveness in technical high school students upon alcohol loss caused by drinking. Methods: This study was carried out targeting 446 students for 2 technical high schools where are located in B metropolitan city from November 25, 2008 to February 20, 2009. The analytical method was used SPSS 12.0 Version. The statistical significance was set to p<.05 as what is significant. Results: The findings are as follows. In the difference in stress, alcohol impulsiveness and alcohol loss, "over 3 times' for the excessive-drinking frequency for 1 year allowed stress(2.48, p<.05), alcohol impulsiveness(3.01, p<.05), School Loss(2.18, p<.01), violent loss(2.13, p<.001), and cash loss(2.04, p<.01) to be high, and also allowed all the spheres to have been indicated significantly. In correlation among stress, alcohol impulsiveness and alcohol loss, the significantly positive correlation(p<.01) was shown in all the spheres. As for the influence of stress and alcohol impulsiveness upon alcohol loss, the stress(β=.584, t=9.992, p<.001) and alcohol impulsiveness(β=.155, t=2.645, p<.01) were indicated to have significant influence upon alcohol loss. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is considered to be necessary for reinforcing the regularly drinking-education program and the institutional device so that high-school students can prevent the alcohol loss caused by stress and alcohol impulsiveness.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to illustrate and analyze the Drinking Problems and Alcohol Use Disorder among Koreans. Method: A random selection of 1,450 households was conducted in 7 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces. Adult family members (aged-19 and above) were interviewed 'face-to-face interview plus sealed envelope' from August 10th to 25th, 2007. Questionnaire was used to collect the alcohol use and associated health problems, tobacco, drug and other substance, lifestyle, demographic and background characteristics. A total of 2,193 cases were used in conducting the analysis. Results: The major findings may be summarized as follows: 1. Soju is the favorite beverage (75%) among Koreans, corresponding 5.1% as homemade beverage and favored purchasing drink when they come back from abroad to Korea during the last year. 2. About 27.7% of the respondents were monthly binge drinkers, and 11.1% have experienced blackout during the last year. 3. Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) showed that 25.3% of the respondents were having alcohol use disorders (score of 8 or more); While 15.7% among respondents with alcohol use disorders scored 12 points. 4. Several variables such as gender, age, religion, monthly household income, marital status, smoking, and favorite alcoholic beverage are considered strong predictors of alcohol use disorder (12 point or more of AUDIT score).

Objectives: This study investigates the association between alcohol consumption behavior and mental health status, which is represented by subjective happiness, perceived stress and depression of residents in the Gangnam region of Seoul. Methods: Data was collected from a questionnaire of 460 residents in a single urban apartment complex during 6 days in January 2009. Items included questions on alcohol consumption behavior, the 4-item CAGE screening test for alcohol dependency and self-reported happiness, stress and depression. Results: The overall alcohol consumption rate is 84.7%, which is higher than the national average of 74.2%. Among the usual drinkers, 43.3% drink 2~4 times per month, while 8% drinks more frequently, i.e. 4 times per week and almost every day. The prevalence of drinkers that show alcohol dependence according to the CAGE scale was 15.5%, slightly lower than the national average, however still much higher than that in other countries. Regarding mental health status, 30% of the respondents perceived stress, which is slightly higher than national average, the main causes rising from work, financial and family issues. Prevalence of subjective depression was 32.2%, which is 12.5% higher than national average. Logistic regression results showed residents with higher levels of stress had higher levels of alcohol dependency. Conclusion: These findings suggest that stress is a major contributing factor in risky drinking patterns among the residents in this study. Drinking functions a measure of coping with stress and focusing on reducing stress levels may be an important strategy for developing healthy drinking behavior in this community.