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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors leading to alcoholic relapse and provide the theoretical basis for alcoholic relapse prevention. Methods: The subjects of this study were 220 alcoholic in-patients who had been diagnosed with alcoholic abuse or alcohol dependence, as classified in DSM-Ⅳ, and admitted more than two times into psychiatric hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. A questionnaire survey was conducted from January 7 to February 16, 2013. Results: The results after survey-data analysis were as follows:First, the withdrawal symptoms had a direct effect on alcohol expectancy, but the symptoms had no effect on the self-efficacy. Second, the alcohol insight had no effect on the alcohol expectancy, but it had a direct effect on the self- efficacy. Third, the alcohol expectancy had a direct effect on the self-efficacy. Fourth, the withdrawal symptoms had an indirect effect on alcoholic relapse, and the alcohol insight had both direct and indirect effects on the relapse. Finally, the alcohol expectancy had direct and indirect effects on the alcoholic relapse, and the self-efficacy had a direct effect on the relapse. Conclusion: Self-efficacy was verified as the mediation between the alcohol insight, expectancy and alcoholic relapse, but the alcohol expectancy was not verified as the mediation between the withdrawal symptoms, self- efficacy and alcoholic relapse.

Objectives: This study attempted to find factors leading to the consumption of alcohol (drinking) and suggest measures on prevention and coping of alcohol drinking among the female elderly living alone. Methods: This study analyzed data of 2,476 elderly (2,101 women and 375 men) living alone who were 60 years or older using ‘2008 National Elderly Survey on Living Conditions and Need for Welfare’. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to study the factors leading to drinking among the elderly. Results: The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that experience of abuse as well as the relationship with and financial support from sibling influenced alcohol drinking of the female elderly. However, the relationship with friends and family and health-related factors including subjective health status influenced alcohol consumption behavior of the male elderly. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that policies on the prevention of abuse and provision of social support for the elderly women living alone are required. Alcohol policies for the elderly need to consider the distinguishing factors of alcohol consumption between male and female elderly.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of husbands' drinking on the mar satisfaction of international marriage immigrant women and to identify intermediate effects of problems caused by husbands' drinking. Methods: Data are based on a survey of Vietnamese, Filipino, and Cambodian women who have immigrated to Korea for marriage. Results: The proportion of is 73.3% in multicultural families, alcohol about once a month. usbands' drinking. Generally, women feel somewhat satisfied with their marriages. Although husbands' drinking has an influence on problems caused by drinking, it does not the mar satisfaction of international marriage immigrant women. problems caused by husbands' drinking the most salient variable affecting the mar satisfaction of international marriage immigrant women. Conclusion: Husbands' drinking has an indirect effect on the marl satisfaction of international marriage immigrant women. Problems caused by husbands' drinking play a role as an intermediate variable between husbands' drinking and the mar satisfaction of international marriage immigrant women as well as directly affect the mar satisfaction of the women.

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the effect of the exposure to and preferences for alcohol advertisements on drinking among Korean drinkers. Methods: A sample of 2376 (1839 drinkers who consumed one or more drinks in the last 6 months and 537 nondrinkers) Korean males and females aged between 16 and 64 years participated in this study. Data were collected from June through November 2012 from 7 cities and 9 provinces located in geographically diverse regions of South Korea. A questionnaire that took into account socio-demographic variables, preference for and exposure to alcohol advertisement was administered to respondents. Logistic regression, t-test and Pearson's correlation were used for analysis. Results: There was a significant difference between drinkers and non-drinkers in their preference for alcohol advertisements: drinkers showed more preference for alcohol advertisements than non-drinkers. Participants who consumed alcohol outside their home in pubs, outdoor public places such as beaches or parks, festivals and concerts and convenience stores showed a significant preference for and exposure to alcohol advertisements compared to those who did not drink at the aforementioned places. Conclusion: These findings suggest that drinkers who drank at pubs had a significantly higher exposure to and preference for alcohol advertisement. Alcohol control policy restrictions should include places where media can influence increased drinking rate.

Objective: This aim of this study is to analyze the mediating effects of depression related to parental alcoholism, and eating problem and problem drinking of female university students. Method: In this study, 306 female university students completed surveys about problems related to their eating and drinking, depression and parental alcoholism. A structural equation analysis was performed using AMOS, a statistical software package. Result: The results from the surveys demonstrated that depression had some mediating effects on parental alcoholism, and problems related to drinking and eating problem of female university students. While depression showed full mediating effect on parental alcoholism and eating problems of female university students, it had partial mediating effect on parental alcoholism and drinking of female university students. Furthermore, the indirect effect of depression was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that problematic eating and drinking prevention programs for female university students should consider the role of depression in their problematic behaviors. For women who drink excessively, the role of parental alcoholism and depression should also be explored. This study suggests that parental alcoholism does not appear to be a factor in eating problems. Furthermore, based on the results, this study discusses intervention strategies for preventing eating problems and excessive drinking behavior of female university students.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual situation arising out of drinking among the disabled people and to find factors affecting their drinking habits. Methods: This study employed the use of the 4th year data of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled that conducted research on the drinking habits of 4,397 disabled people. ANOVA and t-test were performed on the data to determine drinking behaviors of the people with disorder divided by characteristics of disorder, and logistic and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to explore the factors related to their drinking habits. Results: First, there was a difference in the drinking behavior and its frequency among types, grades, and status of disorder as well as status of employment among the disabled persons. Second, gender, status of employment, health, types and grades of disorder as well as experience of differentiation due to disorder turned out to be factors influencing drinking of the disabled people. Third, gender, education, types and grades of disorder, experience of differentiation due to disorder as well as depression were found to have an impact upon the frequency of drinking among the disabled people. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, practical and political implications of the measures to keep the disabled from drinking were discussed.