Earticle

Objectives: This study aims to determine the regional spatial pattern of the number of restaurants and bars per population unit—one of the physical availability variables of alcohol—and to determine its relationship with violence, which is associated with harmful alcohol consumption. Methods: This study used secondary data from 250 cities and counties in South Korea gathered by several national institutions. The dependent variable is the number of violent crimes per 100,000 people, and the independent variables are the number of restaurants and bars per 100,000 people and monthly alcohol drinking rates in 250 cities and counties in Korea. Spatial cluster analysis and Bayesian conditional autoregressive modeling were employed using ArcGIS pro 2.6.0 and R programming. Results: Spatial autocorrelation was shown in the dependent variable and three independent variables. Regarding the number of violent crimes per 100,000 people, spatial hotspots occurred in Gangneung and Sokcho cities, Gangwon-do, Pyeongtaek, and Woongjin-si, the metropolitan area in Gyeonggi-do. Monthly alcohol drinking rate hot spots in cities and counties appeared in huge clusters: Busan and Ulsan cities. The local spatial autocorrelation of general restaurants was high in the coastal area of Gangwon-do. Restaurant hot spots occurred in cities and counties in coastal areas of Gangwon-do. Bar hot spots appeared in the coastal areas of Gangwon-do, some areas of Gyeongsangnam-do, and Busan city. Using Bayesian conditional autoregressive modeling, the factors affecting the rate of violent crime per 100,000 people were monthly alcohol drinking rate (p<.05) and the number of restaurants per 100,000 population (p<.01). Conclusion: It is necessary to establish a cooperative system in areas where alcohol consumption rates and violent crimes are clustered.

Background & Objectives: University students' binge drinking behavior can lead to blackouts, and frequent blackout experiences can lead to long-term brain damage and alcoholic dementia. This study aims to analyze the drinking characteristics related to the experience of blackout due to heavy drinking among university students. Methods: This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the health survey results on 2,677 students entering a dormitory at a university in April 2017. Based on this information, we performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to find the difference in drinking-related factors related to blackout experiences after drinking by gender and grade. Results: The drinking-related factors associated with university students' blackout experience after drinking were grade, monthly binge drinking, regular walking, regular aerobic exercise, the experience of alcohol-related impairment or injury in the past year, academic difficulties due to drinking in the past year and experience of being advised not to drink from others in the past year. Alcohol-induced blackout by gender and grade showed statistically significant differences by drinking-related factors(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that college students' blackout experiences after drinking had unique characteristics. In the future, it needs to introduce a college health survey that can systematically collect drinking-related factors of university students and perform continuous monitoring.

Objectives: Since the study on the effects of online exercise programs due to COVID-19 is limited to specific subjects, we want to understand the effects of real-time video exercise programs and recorded video exercise programs. Methods: In early 2021, participants from Busan Nam-gu Fitness Certification Center were recruited, and after pre-physical measurement, 30 out of 60 people were randomly assigned to a real-time video exercise program group and a recorded video group, and configured 3 times a week, 60 After an exercise experiment for 8 weeks each minute, physical fitness was measured. Results: In the effect on physical fitness, the real-time video program showed a significant increase in both muscle strength and muscular endurance, but the recorded video exercise program did not show a significant increase. Also, in comparison between groups before and after the experiment, there was a significant difference in muscle endurance variables. However, both programs had no significant effect on functional stamina. Conclusions: An online exercise program for middle-aged women was effective. There was a significant increase in muscle strength and muscular endurance among the healthy physical strengths that were easy to guide online, but there was no significant change in functional fitness that was difficult to guide online. In particular, the real-time image showed a marked improvement in muscular endurance compared to the recorded image.

Objectives: A systematic procedure that secures cultural relevance and linguistic equivalence in translating tools developed in foreign countries is very important considering the importance of cross-cultural research. In this study, the Korean version of assessment of the recovery capital (ARC) is prepared according to the instrument adaptation step by synthesizing the 3 tool translation process. Method: By synthesizing the translation procedure suggested by Brislin(1970), Beaton et al.(2000), and the World Health Organization, a seven-step procedure was prepared: forward translation, synthesis, back translation, assuring semantic equivalence, expert committee, pre-test, and preparation of the final version of the questionnaire. Results: According to the seven-step procedure, the Korean version of the Recovery Capital Scale, a concept that collectively refers to various internal and external resources that can be used to cause and sustain the recovery of substance addiction, has been prepared. Efforts were made to secure equivalence and cultural suitability by using decentering techniques in this process. Conclusion: The Korean version of the ARC was prepared focusing on the adaptation process itself, and a large-scale investigation should be carried out in the future to secure reliability and validity.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify unmet medical experience and to understand the impact on unmet medical care for the young-old (65 to 74 years old) and old-old (over 75 years old) who have experienced unmet medical care. Methods: In this study, an analysis was performed based on a logistic regression model using data from Community Health Surveys. Results: As for the sociodemographic characteristics in the young-old and old-old groups, those whose education level was lower, who had no spouse, whose total household income was lower, and who did economic activity were more likely to experience unmet medical. As for health-related behavior those who perceived stress, whose subjective health status was poorer were more likely to experience unmet medical in both the old groups. While the types of disease differed between the young-old and old-old groups, morbidity affected the experience of unmet medical. Conclusions: This study aimed to be useful as basic data for welfare policies such as programs that consider the difference in characteristics by subdividing age by breaking away from the policy due to the characteristics of the average elderly.

Objectives: In this study, the nursing implications of caring and caring efficacy were examined through literature review, and the complex concept of caring efficacy was analyzed by fusion of Watson and Bandura’s theories. Methods: In order to examine the nursing definition of caring efficacy, domestic and foreign literature and studies related to caring, self-efficacy, and caring efficacy were mainly explored and analyzed in three stages. Results: It was confirmed that the three common features of nursing definitions of caring are that they target ‘whole humans’, ‘relationship between nurse and subject’, and ‘process’. The attributes of caring efficacy were not composed of one but multiple attributes of caring. Compared with the definitions in other studies, the combined meaning of ‘self-efficacy for caring’ was similar, but it was found that the nursing definition in the meaning of ‘caring’ is a more comprehensive and multidimensional concept. Conclusions: Caring efficacy is not a single concept, but a complex concept, and it can be explained by a conceptual framework of caring efficacy derived from Watson’s human care theory and Bandura’s social learning theory.