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Objectives: Research often focuses on just one group of factors at a time. However, their influence is complex and interrelated, and effects cannot easily be disaggregated. This study was to identify determinants of alcohol consumption and harmful alcohol use among Korean adults. Methods: Among a panel of subjected enrolled in existing domestic survey companies, adults aged 19 to 59 years old who replied that their drinking frequency was more than once a month for the past one year were selected in 2018. Sample size and methods used for analysis were determined by considering demographically proportioned stratified sampling and monthly alcohol drinking rate. A total of 3,000 subjects responded to questionnaires. Results: Genetics (hot flush after drinking) affected drinking behavior. Various characteristics of those including sex, impulsive personality, perceived health status, and beliefs and expectancies of alcohol, number of friends, social networks and social norms affected consuming the weekly alcohol. Genetics, sex, age, impulsive personality, depression, economic deprivation, number of friends, social networks and agreement of alcohol regulations have been associated with high prevalence of harmful drinking experience. The broader environment within which drinking develops, including general drinking culture, its norms and practices, social networks, and the availability of alcohol is also significant in how drinking patterns develop and progress. Conclusion: The drinking culture in Korea was characterized by more social drinking than individual drinking. The practices of binge drinking should be improved to avoid secondary harmful effects.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between a school health promotion program and problem drinking behaviors. Methods: The participants in this study were 1st-5th grade students in secondary school in Lima and Callao, Peru. We conducted pre- and post-surveys in 2014 and 2017, respectively, to assess the effect of a school health promotion intervention. The school health promotion intervention was implemented from 2015 to 2017 in four schools, and two schools were taken as control groups in collaboration with the Korea International Cooperation Agency. Randomized stratified sampling was performed to analyze 971 participants in the experimental group and 585 in the control group. The homogeneity test was conducted before the intervention. A chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed. The participants in this study were 1 to 5 grade students in secondary school in Lima and Callao, Peru. We conducted a pre-intervention survey in 2014 and post-intervention survey in 2017 to assess the effect of a school health promotion intervention. The school health intervention was implemented from 2015 to 2017 in 4 schools, and two schools were taken as control groups in collaboration with Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). A randomized stratified sampling was performed to analyze 971 subjects in the experimental group and 585 subjects in the control group. The homogeneity test was conducted before the intervention. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: First, 35.7% of the students had experienced drinking more than once in their lifetime and 59.2% had experienced drinking in the last year. Among the 556 students who had experienced drinking, 21.9% had CRAFFT scores of 2 or more for problem drinking. Second, there were differences in general and problem drinking based on “gender,” “academic performance,” “part-time job,” “depression,” “smoking,” “drugs,” “sexual experience,” “school truancy,” and “violence or harassment from school friends.” Third, the proportion of problem drinkers was 15.2% in the experimental group and 32.1% in the control group; problem drinking was significantly higher in the control group. Finally, the risk of problem drinking in the control group was significantly increased by about 2.8 times as compared with the group receiving the intervention through the school health promotion program. Conclusion: The school health promotion program had a statistically significant effect on the improvement of adolescent drinking behaviors. Schools should strengthen health promotion and education to stimulate comprehensive activities to prevent drinking, smoking, and other substance abuse among adolescents.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare drinking behaviors between one-person households and those living together to identify the harmful alcohol use of one-person households. Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from 228,558 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2015 Korean Community Health Survey. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test to determine the patterns of alcohol use by household types and age groups. Moreover, multinomial logistic regression was used to uncover factors of harmful alcohol use for one-person households. Results: One-person households composed of young and middle-aged people had higher monthly alcohol drinking, harmful alcohol use, and yearly alcohol-related harm and drunk driving experiences. Elderly people in one-person households had high harmful alcohol use in both men and women. The factors affecting the harmful alcohol use of one-person households were similar to those of sociodemographic variables (age, residential area, marital status, occupation, educational level, monthly income) in both sexes, but physical and mental health-related factors showed differences according to the number of chronic disease diagnoses, subjective health level, subjective stress, and sleeping time according to sex. Conclusion: A number of factors are associated with the harmful alcohol use of one-person households and age groups. Owing to environmental changes, studies on the harmful alcohol use of one-person households and age groups should be continued.

Objectives: This study examined how song psychotherapy can prompt motivation for change among adults with alcohol abuse. Methods: Four male alcohol-dependent patients from a hospital in G province participated in a weekly song psychotherapy program for six weeks. Each session was 60 minutes long. All participants took the pre- and post-test using SOCRATES-K. The program, composed of psychotherapeutic music interventions ranging from passive listening to active song making, aimed to prompt and enhance motivation for treatment of substance-dependency issues. Results: All participants showed increased progress scores in each stage of the program. On average, their recognition score increased by 22.5, the taking steps score increased by 25, and the ambivalence score changed depending on individual needs. In addition, qualitative content analysis of the participants’ verbal and lyrical responses demonstrated their eagerness and motivated attitude toward overcoming their substance-dependent behaviors. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that using song materials as a psychotherapeutic medium can facilitate heightened awareness and attitudes toward perceptions of collaboration, evocation, and autonomy, which are core elements in motivating treatment of substance-dependency issues.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between drinking and oral health awareness among university students and to suggest the necessity of oral health education for healthy drinking and positive oral health awareness. Methods: A total of 615 data were obtained by individual questionnaires for male and female university students who were drinking at four universities in the K region. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 24.0 program. Results: Drinking among university students was high in second grade male, smokers, and students living at home, non health related major. The oral health awareness was health related majors female students and it is higher as the grade increases. Conclusion: There was a correlation between drinking and oral health perception among university students, and oral health perception decreased when exposed to drinking environment. The necessity of oral health education to improve the oral health awareness of university students was confirmed. In addition, if we carry out oral health education program to improve awareness for healthy drinking and awareness of oral health for university students, we expect to have a positive effect on the whole body health and mental health of university students.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of family history of alcoholism (FH+), depression, and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with drinking, and to investigate factors affecting drinking among drunk drivers. Methods: Data from a community addiction counseling center were used for analysis. This study involved 320 subjects and the analysis of the collected data included frequencies, t-test, and multiple regression. Results: First, there was a statistically significant difference in drinking level among the groups according to the drunk driver’s age, religion, education, and number of drunk driving incidents. Second, 48.4% of the subjects were in the danger drinking group and 31.6% in the alcohol addiction group. In addition, 42.2% of the subjects were in the depressed group and 5.6% had adult ADHD. Third, as a result of examining the influential factors of drinking among drunk drivers, FH+, depression, and adult ADHD had a statistically significant effect. Conclusion: FH+, depression, and adult ADHD are risk factors for drinking among drunk drivers. These findings can be used to develop tailored intervention programs for alcohol and mental health problems among drunk drivers.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relevance between elderly’s subjective social support and drinking behavior. Methods: This study investigated the elderly aged over 65. A total of 1424 samples were collected by door-to-door interview to investigate subjective social support, smoking, drinking, drinking behavior, average sleeping hours and the number of sleeplessness. In order to test the statistical significance of the difference in health behaviors including smoking, drinking, average sleeping hours and the number of sleeplessness according to the subjective social support, we used cross analysis. Logistic regression analysis that set subjective social health as dependent variable was also conducted to examine the influence of smoking, drinking, average sleeping hours and the number of sleeplessness on subjective social support. Results: Male has higher social support than female, and married has higher social support than unmarried. 32% of elderly were drinking alcohol. By sexuality, male's drinking rate was 55.6% and female's drinking rate was 44.4%. Group with high subjective social support has higher drinking rate than group with low subjective social support. In analysis of social support according to the sexuality and age, male than female, older age and higher social support has higher drinking rate. To examine the influence of subjective social support on drinking behavior, we set the subjective social support as dependent variable. The logistic regression analysis which set subjective social support as dependent variable showed that male than female, married than unmarried has higher subjective social support. Also, group with higher subjective social support showed higher drinking rate. Conclusion: Through this study, we could find that subjective social support and drinking has statistical relevance. Drinking is the medium to attain social support, so they have relevance. Therefore, local community needs to provide education for moderation of drinking, and to develop the programs to enhance social support.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of impulsiveness, distress tolerance, and consideration of future consequences on alcohol use disorder, and to examine the mediating or moderating effect of the four variables. Methods: The participants were 792 adult workers (N=792) residing in 12 cities in Gyeonggi province such as Suwon and Seongnam. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires including the World Health Organization’s Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Distress Tolerance Scale, and Consideration of Future Consequences Scale. Data were analyzed with t-tests, correlation analysis of variance, and simple and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 23.0 program. The Baron and Kenny method was used to analyze mediating effects. Results: Impulsiveness had a mediating effect in the relationship between distress tolerance and alcohol use disorder. Analysis of 230 problem drinkers whose AUDIT score was 13 or higher indicated that consideration of future consequences had a moderating effect in the relationship between impulsiveness and alcohol use disorder. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that existing alcoholism treatment programs, which tend to enhance the patient’s self-empowerment through comparison with others, should instead be directed toward fostering voluntary changes in behavior by improving the patient’s level of consideration of future consequences.

Objectives: Few studies have examined the relationship between household type and persistent health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of persistent negative health behaviors, especially focused on adult households. Methods: The data on 6,954 participants aged over 20 years and under 65 years from 2010 to 2013 who participated in the Korea Health Panel (version 1.2.2) were used for the analyses. The respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics (marital status, educational attainment, family income, and occupation) were collected in the baseline year (2010). Data on household type, health status, and practicing negative health behaviors (less physical activity, smoking, binge drinking, and harmful drinking) were gathered in each year. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between the one-person households for four years and persistent negative actions for four years. Results: There were 174 people (2.5% of all participants) who formed one-person households for four years from 2010 to 2013. Regarding adherence to harmful activities over four years, 2,333 (33.5%), 1,362 (19.6%), 1,288 (18.5%), and 108 (1.6%) of the research population showed persistent engagement in low physical activity, smoking, binge, and harmful drinking, respectively. The multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that one-person households were significant risk factors for persistent smoking (p<0.1), binge (p<0.01), and harmful drinking (p<0.05). Age and gender seemed to be significantly related with persistently negative health activities. In addition, being male, having higher family income and, education, and having chronic diseases seemed to be associated with a lower likelihood of low physical activity and four-year smoking. People with occupations were found to have a higher rate of continuous smoking and binge than people who did not. However, harmful drinking was found not to be significantly influenced by educational attainment, family income, and health status. Conclusion: This study adds to the current literature on the correlation between one-person households and health behaviors. Various demographic and socioeconomic factors were shown to be associated with maintaining negative health behaviors. Based on these findings, the implications and limitations of the study were presented and scope for future research was suggested.