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Objectives: In recent decades, an increasing proportion of working women have been drinking alcohol, and therefore the gap between men and women drinking alcohol has narrowed relative to consumption and issues. This is a reflection of increasing economic accomplishments of women in recent decades that has made it more socially acceptable for women to drink alcohol at levels comparable with men. Methods: In this study we examined how drinking norms of women in organizations impact their alcohol-related issues. Results: Results revealed that drinking norms for women in their organization influence alcohol-related issues. However, this direct path was partially counterbalanced by alcohol expectancy and level of drinking alcohol. Conclusion: From these results, workers recognize differences between men and women relative to drinking alcohol and can reduce negative experiences caused by drinking alcohol in adjusting to expectations and their level of drinking alcohol.

Objective: This purpose of this empirical study was to identify factors affecting recovery of hospitalized alcoholic patients. Method: The subjects of the study were those hospitalized in 11 mental health institutions in Dae-gu after being diagnosed as alcoholics based on the DSM-V standard. Using the SPSS 21.0 program, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, simple correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis of 215 cases were conducted. Results: After identifying factors impacting recovery of alcoholic patients, environment of the joint recovery program, self-esteem, type of hospitalization and social support were revealed to play significant roles. Conclusion: There must be an intervention plan that assists involuntary hospitalized patients to accept their illness and help them actively participate in treatment. Also, it was revealed that programs that positively change the self-concept of alcoholics and induce them to have more confidence in abstaining from alcohol are needed to enable them to establish positive self-concept.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between life goals and alcohol drinking-related variables among college students. Method: Subjects of this study were 455 college students. The analysis of collected data included personal projects analysis, cross tabulation analysis, t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results revealed that the less college students engaged in binge drinking of alcohol, the better they could define life goals. Significant differences in life goal and alcohol drinking-related variables were by gender. Results of group comparison by alcohol binge drinking and gender, revealed that female college students achieved higher levels of life goals commitment, while the less male college students engaged in alcohol binge drinking, the higher levels of life goals commitment, perceived progress, and efficacy were revealed. The relative effects of life goals on alcohol drinking-related variables wasthat different life goals influenced alcohol drinking-related variables by alcohol binge drinking and gender. The more alcohol drinking was responsibly managed, the better male non-binge drinkers defined long-term goals and how to achieve such goals. The more alcohol drinking was responsibly managed, the better female non-binge drinkers defined long-term goals and how to achieve such goals. The more alcohol drinking was responsibly managed, the better male occasional binge drinkers defined long-term goals and goal efficacy. The more alcohol drinking was responsibly managed, the better female occasional binge drinkers defined long-term goals. The more alcohol drinking was responsibly managed, the better male frequent binge drinkers defined goal efficacy. The more alcohol drinking was responsibly managed, the better female frequent binge drinkers defined goal efficacy. Conclusion: This study extended previous studies of foreign countries, and is expected to provide a basis for differentiating alcohol drinking behavior-related intervention, focusing on different life goals depending on drinking behavior and gender.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experience of participating in open group therapy that supports wives of alcoholics. Method: Qualitative research was used to describe wives’experiences in open group therapy. In total, 30 wives of alcoholics were purposefully sampled from alcohol counseling centers. The open group therapy was an unstructured program pertaining specifically to wives. Data were collected from group therapy sessions held for 120 minutes twice a month, and analyzed using Fullilove's problem-oriented analysis. Results: Experiences were described as “endlessness helpless,” “to find a way,” “moving toward change,”and “moving toward self-growth.”Wives further expressed that they had gained self-awareness through participation. Conclusion: These results revealed that wives of alcoholics that participated in open group therapy experienced healing and growth, and validated the necessity of developing direct nursing intervention.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop evaluation indicators for program implementation for drug use prevention and to provide basic data for further evaluation of drug use prevention programs. Methods: The Delphi method and in-depth interviews were used for developing evaluation indicators, including the questionnaires applied in order to develop four steps indicators of inputs, activities, outputs, and outcome. We formed a panel of 51 experts who had knowledge in the area of drug use prevention. Twenty-one experts participated in this Delphi survey. We selected the indicators according to the critical value (.42) of the content validity ratio originally proposed by Lawshe. Results: Six indicators, the ratio of related degrees or experienced instructors, a space, space for preventive education, educational equipment suitable for the program, budget for education and publicity, and preventive PR guidelines, were suggested as the input indicators. Six activity indicators were project plan report, linkage between performance indicators and program aims, network of related organizations, pre-evaluation of target subjects, the program reflecting the target population's evaluation, and feedback regarding program satisfaction With respect to output indicators, there were 8 indicators, including the number of preventive PR and education mass media PR, the number of drug use prevention programs (teacher, parent, students, etc.), the number of periodicals (periodical publications, video), the number of distribution of educational materials, the number of developing standardized drug use prevention programs, the number of implementations of the standardized program, and the final project report. Six outcome indicators, public awareness index on drug use, attitude change in the pre and post program, drug experience rate, pre-post education evaluation, program satisfaction, and institution reputation, were suggested. Conclusion: This study was the first study in Korea to develop the performance indicators for drug use prevention, promotion, and education programs. The results of this study can provide the data necessary for developing the basic framework and evaluation models for drug use prevention programs, and the development of evaluation indices in the short and long term.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to identify public perception and environmental behavior towards Independently-Located Factories (ILFs) pollution and adverse health effects in Kimpo. Method: This research team conducted a focus group interview and thematic analysis to explore residential background, health status, environmental perception and behavior. Results: This study revealed that perception plays a key role in understanding environmental behavior. We found that public perception was comprised of experience in environmental pollution, understanding of pollutants, and emotional responses to environmental pollution. Some residents were unaware of specific pollutants despite having experienced factory contamination. And they felt depressed due to daily pollution, and often engaged in protective behavior to solve environmental issues. Conclusion: Understanding of the public's perception of environmental pollution serves as a basis for expanding upon a deeper understanding of their responses and effective intervention strategies.

Objectives: This study attempts to validate the Substance Abuse Treatment Self-Efficacy Scale(SATSES, Kranz & O’Hare, 2011), a measure of staff’s perceived self-efficacy regarding substance abuse knowledge and skills. Methods: To do this objectives, a survey has been conducted targeting the sample 168 case-managers in the 41 centers. The data were analyzed as descriptive statistics and factor analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: The results of the factor analysis on SATSES found that, as in the original scale, the five-factor structure of assessment and treatment planning, case management, individual counseling, group counseling, and applied ethics. The goodness of fit of the model is acceptable. The reliability of SATSES was Cronbach’s α =.959. Conclusion: These study results show that the SATSES Scale can be used as a scale tool in measuring the self-efficacy of substance abuse treatment staff and is a useful scale in the substance abuse practice field in Korea. Based on these results, implications for substance abuse treatment field were suggested.