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Objectives: This study was to analyze the characteristics of published intervention studies and to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on alcoholics. Methods: To search for the intervention studies, web databases including RISS, KISS, NDSL, NANET, KMbase and KoreaMed were used. The main search strategy combined terms indicating non-pharmacological intervention and study design. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias. Data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.3 program of Cochrane library. Results: A total of 3132 studies were retrieved. From these studies, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1036 participants. Two authors independently extracted data from the selected studies and assessed the methodological quality. Forty studies utilized various non-pharmacological interventions: eleven studies on music therapy (27.5%), six studies on cognitive behavior therapy (15%) and meditation (15%), four studies on art therapy (10%) and group therapy (10%), two studies on motivational interviewing (5%) and seven studies used other therapies. Non-pharmacological intervention was conducted for a mean of 6.5 weeks, 10.1 sessions and an average of 70.8 minutes per session. In the forty studies, non-pharmacological interventions had a significant effect on self-esteem (d= –0.76, p<.001, I2=33%), anxiety (d== –0.76, p<.001, I2=0%), positive emotion (d== –0.85, p<.001, I2=25%) and negative emotion (d== –0.68, p<.001, I2=0%). For heterogeneous effect sizes, subgroup analysis was done, and non-pharmacological interventions had a significant effect on interpersonal relationship (d== –0.98, p<.001, I2=0%). Conclusion: This study suggests that non-pharmacological interventions can assist alcoholics in strengthening self-esteem, positive emotion, and relationship and reducing anxiety and negative emotion on alcoholics. Further well-designed non-pharmacological intervention studies will lead to better understanding of the effect of treatments on alcoholics.

Objectives: The study was conducted to identify the relationships between social support, depression, and problem drinking in some middle aged women. Methods: The subjects of this study were consisted of the 181 married middle aged women whose ages were between 40-59 years living in Anyang area, Self-administered survey was conducted and the questionnaire was comprised of general characteristics of the subjects, social support, depression(CES-D), problem drinking(AUDIT-K). The statistical analysis was done using PASW Statistics 20.0 programs. Results: There were significant negative correlations between social support and problem drinking and depression was positively correlated with problem drinking. The significant factors associated with problem drinking were education, income, and social support in multiple regression analysis. The three factors explanatory power was 19.8%. Conclusion: There were correlations between social support, depression, and problem drinking. Therefore it is necessary to primarily consider social support and depression to effective prevent drinking problems in middle aged women.

Objectives: The study was performed to generate a database that could simultaneously consider the effect of both individual factors and social and environmental factors in problem drinking of high school students. Methods: The study used raw data from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey which was performed in 2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test and χ² test, and the multi-level factors were analyzed using SAS 9.2. Results: The results of the analysis show that, among the individual-level factors, the significant predictors of adolescent problem drinking were age, depression, suicide ideation, school record, albeit experience, and among the school-level factors, Conclusion: To reduce adolescents problem drinking, environmental level intervention should not be ignored.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) on the relationship between client violence and problem drinking among social welfare officials. Methods: Subjects of this study were 208 social welfare officials in Jeollabuk do. IES-R-K, AUDIT-K, client violence scale were used for the study. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0, AMOS 21.0. Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS 20.0 was adopted to examine measurement model and mediating effects of PTSD by using bootstrapping method. Results: First, the results indicated that the incidences of full PTSD and subsyndromal PTSD in the subjects were 30.8% and 23.1%, respectively and total 53.9% showed PTSD. Second, client violence showed significant impact on the problem drinking of subjects. Third, the analysis resulted confined the partial mediation effects of PTSD in the relations between client violence and problem drinking among social welfare officials. Conclusion: Based on these findings suggested that social work officials’ intervention service should be discussed to prevent PTSD, to treat client violence and attention to the PTSD, problem drinking. The implications and limitations of these findings were discussed, and directions for future studies were also proposed.

Objectives: This study was implemented to find intervention methods to prevent suicide of college students by using path analyzing method for parents‘ alcoholism, college student’s employment stress, college life satisfaction, and suicidal idea. Methods: For this, we surveyed 489 college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi province and analysed in structural equation model using AMOS 18.0 program. Results: According to this research result, parents' alcoholism did not affect directly to college life, but affected indirectly by employment stress. And it was verified that employment stress and college life satisfaction mediated between parents' alcoholism and suicidal idea. Conclusions: Based on the research result, we discussed intervention methods in social welfare aspects for preventing multi problems of college students.

Objectives: This study examines if the programs conducted toward the domestic alcoholics have lowered the risk factors and protective factors. Methods: To prove the effectiveness of group programs for adult alcoholism, we performed meta-analysis of the researches in academic journals in Korea and master and doctoral theses published from 1998 to 2015 in Korea. A total of 30 essays including 19 theses and 11 essays in academic journals, which adopted the pretest and posttest experimental design, were selected for the study's meta-analysis. Results: The average effect size of the program for alcoholism on the protective factor was 0.645(95% CI 0.574~0.717) and the effect size on the risk factor was 0.811(95% CI 0.695~0.927), showing that the program for alcoholism affected the protective and risk factor. The effect size on the protective factor was the biggest when Motivational Interviewing (MI) was adopted in these conditions: targeted at male, in local communities, for the purpose of treatment, a group of 11~15 people, 11~16 sessions, once a week, more than 13 weeks, and 60~80 minutes. The effect size on the risk factor was the biggest in these conditions : targeted at mixed gender, a group of less than 10 people, music as application theory. Conclusion: This study is the first meta-analysis that analyzed the difference in the effect size depending on the target characteristics, management characteristics, and application theory after examining the researches on verifying the effectiveness of the programs for alcoholism and categorizing the dependent variables as protective and risk factor.

Objectives: This study seeks to examine relationships with drug experience, drinking behavior, on suicide ideation and attempt among adolescents from multi-cultural families in Korea. Methods: The 2014 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide dataset collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control, was used for analyses. Only 653 adolescents from multi-cultural families were selected for this analysis. Results: Among adolescents from multi-cultural families, 13.3% reported suicidal ideation and 5.4% had attempted suicide. The rate of monthly smokers and drinkers were 7.9% and 13.9%, respectively. The prevalence of the problem drinking (defined as 2 or more points in the CRAFFT) among current drinkers was 6.46%. Youths who had drug experience had higher risk of having suicidal ideation (odds ratio=6.81) and attempting suicide (odds ratio=16.1). Those identified as problem drinkers had higher risk of having suicidal ideation (odds ratio=3.28) and having had attempted suicide (odds ratio=6.81). Conclusion: This study confirmed the previous research regarding the relationship between drug experience, problematic alcohol behaviors and suicide thoughts and attempts. Intervention and prevention efforts for adolescents from multi-cultural families should integrate risk factors such as drug or alcohol problems.