Earticle

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some claims of the earlier and later versions of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), assess two objections directed at it: (1) circularity and (2) faulty typology, and suggest, revising Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanez & Otal Campo’s taxonomic criterion, a new classification of metaphors. Unlike previous theories, Lakoff & Johnson (1980), who first proposed CMT, argued that metaphor is not primarily a matter of language but of cognition. Later Lakoff (1987) and Johnson (1987) argued that metaphor is not simply linguistic and conceptual but also bodily in nature. In recent years, Lakoff and Johnson (1999) have developed a more complex version of CMT with the introduction of primary metaphors which are considered as one important advance in it. It is also argued that the evidence for conceptual metaphors comes from cognitive linguistic analyses of conventional expressions, novel extensions, and polysemy. And it is shown that evidence abounds that makes objection (1) obsolete, but objection (2) is justified. Therefore, this paper proposes, revising Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanez & Otal Campo’s taxonomic criterion, a new classification of metaphors as shown in figure 2. The basic division is between similarity and correlation metaphors. Similarity is at work in the case of ontological, image, and situational metaphors. Orientational, image-schematic, and propositional metaphors are based upon the correlation between two experiential domains.

LOVE IS UNITY is the central metaphor among the conceptual metaphors of love. Based on the universal mapping system between the source domain of UNITY and the target domain of LOVE, our research focuses on the specificity in the way the Korean and Vietnamese understand and express about love through the concept of UNITY. The research results show that this conceptual metaphor is also common used and can be seen as central metaphor in Korean and Vietnamese as it bases on the need to be close and the reality to be seen together oftenly of those who are in love. The love that is perceived through this conceptual metaphor is often an ideal love. The aspects from the source domain UNITY used to structurize the astract domain of LOVE are including the objects to be united, the distance between the objects, the mean that used to unite, the status and the strength of unity. The specificity in Korean and Vietnamese that can find from these metaphorical expressions are mainly related to the differences in natural or social cultural conditions of each countries. These are immersed in the metaphorical cognitive system, especially in the sense of exclusiveness and the integrity. The specificity can be regional, showing the universality within Oriental countries. But it can also be the specific characteristics of Korea or Vietnam, based on the way the Koreans and Vietnamese people realize the living environment surround them including knowledge about animals and plants in the natural environment, the phenomenons they can observe in nature, the experiences they get in daily life about food, living tools, musical instruments... Our research aims to clarify the characteristics of Korean and Vietnamese langague as well as the way the Korean and Vietnamese people think in term of an abstract emtion like love. We belive the result can be helpful to related researches on teaching or translating Korean and Vietnamese.

Miền nguồn SỰ GẮN KẾT là miền nguồn trung tâm của các ẩn dụ ý niệm tình yêu. Dựa trên khung tư duy phổ niệm với hệ thống chiếu xạ giữa các yếu tố cấu trúc thuộc hai miền ý niệm TÌNH YÊU và SỰ GẮN KẾT, bài viết phân tích và so sánh tính đặc thù của các biểu thức ẩn dụ ý niệm TÌNH YÊU LÀ SỰ GẮN KẾT trong tiếng Hàn và tiếng Việt. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy với cơ sở nghiệm thân dựa trên nhu cầu muốn được gần gũi và thực tế luôn gần gũi bên nhau của những người đang yêu, ẩn dụ ý niệm TÌNH YÊU LÀ SỰ GẮN KẾT là một ẩn dụ mang tính phổ niệm cao. Các yếu tố thuộc miền nguồn GẮN KẾT được sử dụng để cấu trúc hóa ý niệm tình yêu bao gồm đối tượng gắn kết, khoảng cách giữa các đối tượng, mức độ và phương tiện gắn kết. Tình yêu được tri nhận qua ẩn dụ ý niệm này thường là tình yêu lý tưởng. Các khác biệt làm nên tính đặc thù trong tiếng Hàn và tiếng Việt chủ yếu liên quan đến các đặc điểm về điều kiện tự nhiên, văn hóa xã hội được hòa trộn trong khung tư duy phổ niệm, đặc biệt ở khía cạnh tính duy nhất và tính trọn vẹn của sự gắn kết. Các đặc thù có thể mang tính khu vực, cho thấy tính phổ niệm trong khuôn khổ văn hóa phương Đông hoặc là các đặc thù rất riêng của Hàn Quốc và Việt Nam, dựa trên nhận thức của người Hàn, người Việt về môi trường sống bao gồm các tri thức, kinh nghiệm về động thực vật trong môi trường tự nhiên, các hiện tượng quan sát thấy trong thiên nhiên, các trải nghiệm trong cuộc sống sinh hoạt thường ngày như ẩm thực, dụng cụ sinh hoạt, nhạc cụ... Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi nhằm góp phần làm rõ đặc điểm tư duy và ngôn ngữ trong tiếng Hàn và tiếng Việt, đóng góp cho các nghiên cứu liên quan về giảng dạy hoặc dịch thuật tiếng Hàn và tiếng Việt.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the expressions of 'love' metaphor are conceptualized and translated in literary texts from Korean into Chinese. To this end, this study builds a specific Korean-Chinese comparative parallel corpus from five Korean novels since 1990. This paper finds/confirms/provides/discovers two major features in conceptualized process and translation method. First, the abstract concept of 'love' in source texts is conceptualized through the source domains of 'a fluid in a container', 'opponent/war', 'object', 'food', 'plant' and 'river'. The 'love' metaphors were translated in three different ways: mapping onto the same source domain as the source text; mapping onto different source domain; omitting the source domain. Second, a comparison between the source texts and the target texts shows the six translation methods of the metaphorical expression of 'love', including 'replacement', 'addition', 'deletion', 'literal translation', 'simplification' and 'four-character structure'. The Chinese ‘four-character structure’ is the unique feature of the Chinese language. This study is meaningful in that it has expanded the classification of Korean to Chinese translation methods by adding the ‘four-character structure’.

It is generally held by scholars at both home and abroad that most words are acquired by metaphors which are important signs and ways for semantic changes. Thus, in acquisition of Korean words, learners are encouraged to have a basic understanding of conceptual metaphors and then have an overall command of all words with the cognitive approaches of conceptual metaphors. Moreover, they are supposed to make full use of their mature mind to understand the words. In this way, not only will learners be developed in their way of thinking in Korean language, but also they will become more efficient in words acquisition.

This study aims to analyze the various conceptual aspects of the moral metaphor inherent in the Proclamation of Korean Independence. The theoretical basis of this study is the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics on the morality of Lakoff & Johnson(2003), and the framework for analysis will be based on the moral metaphor classification chart of Lakoff(2009). Morality can be accessed from two directions: from the moral metaphor side and the immoral metaphor side. The following facts can be found in the study: First, UPRIGHTNESS and STRENGTH were prominent on the moral metaphor side. Second, DECEIT and OPPRESSING were prominent on the immoral metaphor side. Third, source domains, which were not included in the moral metaphor classification chart of Lakoff(2009), were also found. Finally, this study will be able to contribute to providing basic information for the further studies on the universality and variation of metaphor in culture.

본 연구는 윤석열 계엄 및 탄핵에 관한 한·중 신문 표제어에 나타난 개념적 은유 표현을 분석하여 양국 신문 표제어의 공통점과 차이점을 밝혔다. 메타언어 은유와 구조적 은유, 지향적 은유, 존재론적 은유를 분석틀로 삼아 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한·중 신문 표제어 모두 구조적 은유가 널리 사용되고 있었다. 한국 신문 표제어에서의 은유 사용은 구조적 은유(67.5%) > 지향적 은유(17.5%) > 메타언어 은유(8.8%) > 존재론적 은유(6.3%) 순으로 나타났으며, 중국 신문 표제어에서의 은유 사용은 구조적 은유(64.5%) > 메타언어 은유(20.9%) > 지향적 은유(9.5%) > 존재론적 은유(5.0) 순으로 나타났다. 특히 구조적 은유를 표현할 때 한국은 물리 관련 은유를 더 선호하는 반면, 중국은 자연 관련 은유를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중국 신문 표제어에서는 사자성어를 비롯한 메타언어 은유가 많이 사용되는 특징이 나타났다. 이는 일반적으로 중국인들이 작문을 할 때 사자성어를 많이 사용하는 글쓰기 관습과 관련이 있다. 그밖에 중국 신문 표제어에서는 한국에 비해 오락 은유가 더 많이 나타났다. 셋째, 한·중 신문 표제어에서의 따옴표 사용에 주목하였다. 한국 신문 표제어에서는 대부분 사실 위주로 서술하고 있으며 다성성을 중요하게 드러내고 있음을 발견하였다. 따옴표를 널리 사용하고 있다는 사실이 다성성을 중요시한다는 것을 뒷받침하고 있다. 중국 신문 표제어에서도 따옴표의 사용을 찾아볼 수 있으나, 이들 표제어에서의 따옴표는 대부분 은유를 표시할 목적으로 사용된 경우였다.

This study analyzed conceptual metaphors in headlines about Yoon Seok-yeol from Korean and Chinese newspapers, identifying similarities and differences between them. The analytical framework was divided into metalinguistic metaphors, structural metaphors, intentional metaphors, and ontological metaphors. The analysis results are as follows: Structural metaphors were widely used in headlines from both Korean and Chinese newspapers. The order of metaphor use in Korean headlines was structural metaphor (67.5%) > orientational metaphor (17.5%) > metalinguistic metaphor (8.8%) > ontological metaphor (6.3%). The order of metaphor use in Chinese headlines was structural metaphor (64.5%) > metalinguistic metaphor (20.9%) > orientational metaphor (9.5%) > ontological metaphor (5.0%). In Korean newspaper headlines, physics-related metaphors were preferred when expressing structural metaphors, whereas in Chinese newspaper headlines, nature-related metaphors were preferred when performing structural metaphors. Furthermore, Chinese newspaper headlines feature a high prevalence of meta-linguistic metaphors, including four-character idioms. This is related to the Chinese writing tradition of frequently using four-character idioms. Furthermore, entertainment metaphors were relatively prevalent in Chinese newspaper headlines compared to Korean headlines. We also focused on the use of quotation marks in headlines from Korean and Chinese newspapers. We found that most Korean headlines are factual and emphasize polyphony. The widespread use of quotation marks supports this emphasis on polyphony. While quotation marks are also found in Chinese headlines, they are mostly used to express metaphor.

본 연구는 한·중·일 고전 시가에 나타난 물(水) 이미지를 개념 은유 이론, 문화언어학, 생 태인문학적 관점에서 비교·분석하여, 동아시아에서 물이 지닌 보편성과 특수성을 규명하는 것을 목적으 로 한다. 연구 대상은 한국의 관동별곡·어부사시사, 중국의 시경·초사, 일본의 만요슈·신코킨와카슈 등 6종의 시가이다. 원문과 번역문을 대상으로 물 이미지 유형을 색인하고, M1～M6 은유 코드(생명, 시 간, 정화, 경계 해체, 감정의 거울, 이상향 구현)를 설정하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 세 문화권 모두 물 을 생명·시간·정화의 상징으로 인식하며 인간·자연·사회의 유기적 순환을 드러내는 공통점을 보였다. 그 러나 한국은 경계 해체와 이상향 구현, 중국은 감정의 거울과 공동체 질서, 일본은 무상과 찰나적 감각 미를 강조하는 차별성을 나타냈다. 물 이미지는 단순한 서정적 묘사가 아니라 세계관·인간관·윤리관을 담아내는 상징 체계로 기능하였다. 생태인문학적 관점에서, 물은 자연생태와 문화적 가치가 결합된 ‘생태문화 자원’으로서 인간의 정서와 공동체 윤리를 회복시키는 매개로 해석된다. 본 연구는 동아시아 고 전 시가의 물 이미지를 문화언어학·생태인문학 관점에서 최초로 정량적·비교 분석하였으며, 생태교육· 문화콘텐츠 개발에 응용 가능한 이론적 토대를 마련하였다.

This study aims to examine the universality and cultural specificity of water imagery in East Asian classical poetry through the frameworks of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Cultural Linguistics, and Ecological Humanities. The research targets six representative works: Korea’s Gwandong Byeolgok and Eobu Sasisah; China’s Book of Songs (Shijing) and Songs of Chu (Chuci); and Japan’s Manyoshu and Shinkokin Wakashu.. Original texts and translations were indexed by water imagery, and six metaphorical codes (M1–M6: life, time, purification, boundary dissolution, mirror of emotions, utopian realization) were applied for analysis. The findings reveal that across the three cultural spheres, water is consistently perceived as a symbol of life, time, and purification, reflecting the organic circulation of relationships among humans, nature, and society. However, distinctive emphases emerge: Korea highlights boundary dissolution and utopian ideals; China underscores water as a mirror of emotions and a symbol of communal order; Japan emphasizes impermanence and the aesthetics of fleeting moments. Water imagery thus functions not merely as lyrical description but as a symbolic system encompassing worldviews, conceptions of humanity, and ethical orientations. From an eco-humanities perspective, water is interpreted as an “eco-cultural resource,” combining natural ecology with cultural values and serving as a medium for restoring human emotions and communal ethics. This study represents the first quantitative and comparative analysis of water imagery in East Asian classical poetry from a cultural-linguistic and eco-humanities perspective, thereby providing a theoretical foundation applicable to ecological education and the development of cultural content.

The purpose of this study is to examine strategies in Chinese to Korean metaphor translation, centered on conceptual metaphors in political literature. This seeks to determine whether the translation helps readers to reach optimal relevance. 362 metaphors were collected from political news articles published by Xinhuanet.com and People's Daily Online between January and May 2023 with the use of the MIP metaphor recognition algorithm. Based on these collected metaphors, this study conducts a quantitative analysis of the different types of metaphors and metaphor translation techniques, as well as a relevance theory-based evaluation on the efficiency of these techniques. The findings of the study are outlined as follows: Six translation techniques, including "retaining metaphor", "explaining metaphor," "retaining metaphor + explanation," "substituting metaphor," "omitting metaphor," and "adding metaphor," are employed when translating metaphors in political news in China and South Korea. This study examines the efficiency of metaphor translation techniques based on relevance theory and concludes that "maintenance" is the best metaphor translation technique to attain the optimal level of relevance when the original readers and the target readers have similar backgrounds and cultural experiences. The perfect equivalence between the original readers and the targ et readers is challenging to attain from the context effect standpoi nt, making it impossible for "metaphorical interpretation" to achieve optimal relevance. Translation tactic for domestication texts include the two translation techniques of "replacement" and "addition." This procedure, while efficient, also allows the target readers to quickly understand meaning and visual representation in metaphor. "Omission" drops the original metaphor, which may overlook or alter the meaning, image and information contained in metaphor, hence, we should pay more attention to it.

In this paper, conceptual metaphors are observed regarding the pain of COVID-19 utilizing data from BIGKinds which is a news data analysis system. Metaphor examples are elicited using the keywords from domains FIRE, WAR, BURDEN, JOURNEY, NATURAL DISASTER, PRISON, and FRIENDS. The frequencies of the data are observed based on three stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. The results demonstrate that the FIRE metaphor is the most frequently used in understanding COVID-19 and the pains of the disease, over all three pandemic periods. The second and third highest metaphors are WAR and BURDEN. While WAR metaphors are more frequently used than BURDEN ones in the first period of the pandemic, in the second and third periods, they are less frequently used than BURDEN ones. And when compared with the first and second periods, the third period involves more PRISON metaphors and less NATURAL DISASTER ones. These changes reflect how people view the pain of COVID-19 as it prolonged over time contrary to the initial expectation that it could be quickly defeated.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the source domains of the ‘journey metaphor’ shown in political speeches has changed in Chinese-Korean translation and the factors affecting the use of translation strategies. The finding shows that, there were three cases of ‘journey metaphor’ in Chinese-Korean translation: source domain maintenance, source domain difference, and source domain loss. Translation is most effective when the source domain is maintained. Substitution of the source domain is selected when there is a difference in conceptualization between cultures or when there is a more idiomatic metaphor in the target language. In the case of source domain loss, it is also greatly affected by explicitation and avoidance of repetition. In addition to conceptual metaphors, factors that influence metaphor translation include language structure, metaphor convention, and text function. ‘Four-character idioms’ are difficult to achieve equivalent of effects in translation due to differences in language structure, and should focus on conveying the overall meaning according to the context of the text. In texts with conventional metaphors and informational functions, acceptability in target language should first be considered. Description and omitting may also be used relatively freely as alternative strategies.

This study is to analyze the sports metaphor used in political discourse in depth and to examine the relationship between sports and politics, the types of sports metaphors, and the implications of sports metaphors. Politicians use various metaphors to maximize their political effects, and the language that constitutes political discourse is a key tool and weapon for achieving political communication and purpose. In fact, politicians often use the metaphor to emphasize major issues as a tool to make abstract issues easier for the general public, and all political acts are natural in that they inevitably involve language. This study analyzes the metaphorical expressions used by politicians in political discourse based on Lakoff & Johnson’s(1980) conceptual metaphor theory In fact, we focus on metaphors with high frequency [POLITICS IS A GAME], [POLITICS IS A RACE], [POLITICS IS BOXING], and [POLITICS IS FOOTBALL, BASEBALL, OR BASKETBALL] and examine how political metaphors are conceptualized. Finally, we look into some implications of sports metaphors in political discourse.

As a conceptual tool, metaphor is prevalently observed not only in mundane language, but also in various human activities, such as gestures, movies, buildings, dream interpretation, rituals and so on. Researchers, such as Forceville (1996), Forceville and Urios-Aparisi (2009), Alousque (2015), and Sobrino (2017), have paid attention to the analysis of visual images based on conceptual metaphors. A picture book is a great genre to be analyzed with the conceptual metaphors because its meaning is created through the interaction of visual and verbal signs. However, it is not easy to find any case studies of metaphorical analysis of picture books. Bridging the gap, this paper examines the picture book John Patrick Norman McHennessy-The Boy Who Was Always late based on the conceptual metaphor LEARNING IS A JOURNEY. The result shows that various metaphorical entailments of the LEARNING IS A JOURNEY are utilized in visual images as well as verbal texts in creating the message the author tries to deliver throughout the picture book.

Lakoff and Johnson (1980), whose work is pioneer in the cognitive approaches to metaphor, suggest that we cognitively interpret metaphors by mapping the relationship between a source and a target domain. According to their theory, metaphor is an ‘ordinary’ part of language, not ‘extraordinary’ both in thought and action as it is conventionalized in our cognitive structure. In cross-linguistic study, however, metaphor is rather seen as cultural-cognitive – as the mapping of metaphorical concepts involves not only a cognitive source but also a cultural source. In metaphorical languages such as Filipino, metaphor serves as an everyday language as it influences Filipino speakers’ attitudes, values, ways of thinking and evaluations. Several of these metaphors, thus far, are remarkably associated with food. Interestingly, English also has its share on the use of food metaphor. Although not pervasively used as an everyday language, some food metaphors found in English are conceptualized similarly to Filipino language in terms of individual’s personality or character, state of mind, state of affairs and living conditions. These food metaphors however, remain culture specific as variation in linguistic expression takes place. This study, therefore, attempts to reveal that there are culture-specific food metaphors in Filipino that manifest similarity (in meaning, interpretation, context and usage) to English food metaphors— hence, undergo the same conceptualization process.

Metaphors in economic discourse have drawn little attention from domestic translation studies. This study aims to identify differences of metaphors used in economic editorials of Korean and overseas newspapers, and then to analyze how metaphorical expressions are translated from Korean to English. In economic editorials released in 2016 by Korean newspapers (Joongang Ilbo and Donga Ilbo) and US newspapers (New York Times and Washington Post), five metaphors (war, water, illness, organism, and mechanics) were selected for analysis. The analysis results showed subtle differences in preferred metaphorical expressions between the newspapers. Of note, Korean editorials used a large number of metaphors in a negative frame, and metaphor translation strategies were significantly different in the two Korean newspapers. While metaphorical expressions in Donga Ilbo were mostly translated into the same metaphor or changed into non-metaphorical expressions, more diverse strategies were shown in Joongang Ilbo. Additional studies are needed to better understand the analysis results.

The present study aims to explore how metaphors in proverbs are translated from Korean into English and identify effective and preferred translation strategies theoreof. A total of 344 Korean and English proverbs were compared with a view to tracking the respective numbers of occurrences of metaphors and identifying different types of metaphors employed. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the proportion of the metaphors in proverbs that are translated as others is much higher than expected in the literature, which can probably be attributed to the genre of the texts compared: proverbs. Second, the types of the metaphors that are dominant in Korean proverbs and their English translations are different. While orientational metaphors are dominant in Korean, ontological metaphors are prevalent in English. These findings show that metaphors in proverbs tend to be preserved throughout the translation process as much as possible, and that the specific types of metaphors, however, vary reflecting the specific characteristics of the languages involved. This is related to the nature of metaphors, which are universality and peculiarity. Metaphors are universal, which is why metaphors in proverbs are mostly translated. However, metaphors are also peculiar, which is why there are language-specific metaphor translation strategies.

This paper investigates the use of metaphors in economic discourses within the framework of the conceptual metaphor theory and explores how expressions are metaphorically used in various economic contexts in the field of economy. Following Lakoff and Johnson(1980), metaphor is taken to be understanding and experiencing one conceptual domain experience in terms of another domain of experience. Economy has a close relationship with human beings and human society. It is an important aspect of people’s life, so that in everyday speech people speak of economy and related topics. Many metaphorical expressions about economic discourses are classified into several categories; i.e., living organism, machine, competition, container, and journey. Based on a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors, in this paper we argue that abstract economic concepts and complex economic phenomena are understood and conceptualized in terms of plants.

The aim of this study is to investigate metaphors employed by traslation theorists to discuss translation, by drawing on the theoretical building blocks of conceptual metaphors advocated by Lakoff & Johnson (1980). Lakoff & Johnson argue that metaphors are mental mechanisms through which our physical and social experiences provide understanding of other subjects. The current study has come up with 8 prominent metaphors utilized by translation theorists throughout history. They are TRANSLATION IS MOVING SOMETHING, TRANSLATION IS CLOTHING & PAINTING, TRANSLATION IS A CONQUEST, DETHRONING OF THE SOURCE TEXT, TRANSLATION IS A LIVING THING, TRANSLATION IS A WOMAN, and TRANSLATION IS CROSS-FERTILIZATION. These different metaphors allow us to gain a better insight and understanding of what we call translation. At the same time, the evolution of these translation metaphors illustrates the trajectory of dominant issues and concerns discussed in the research of translation. This study concludes with the speculation that the advancement of technology and globalization in the practice of translation might bring forth fresh metaphors for translation in the future.

This paper investigates various conceptual metaphors of John's Gospels, based on the conceptual metaphor theory of Lakoff and Johnson(2003). It discusses that the religious language conceptualizes the religious experience of God metaphorically and expresses it based on a conceptual metonymy THE SOURCE DOMAIN FOR THE TARGET DOMAIN. This metonymy is used in calling God which is the target domain with the concept of the source domain: Father! etc. It also analyses all metaphors and metonymies with which John’s Gospel conceptualizes and expresses the relationship between God and Jesus, God and the world, and between Jesus and the world. It shows that there are various metaphorical conceptualizations of religious experiences.

This paper analyzes metaphorical expressions of ‘love’ in Korean and English popular songs and compares some common and different aspects of ‘love’ metaphors in the two languages. In cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor, or cognitive metaphor, refers to the understanding of one idea, or conceptual domain, in terms of another. Based on conceptual metaphor, we try to find how to conceptualize the abstract concept ‘love’ by concrete concepts in Korean and English popular songs. It is suggested that ‘love’ in popular songs is conceptualized as ‘commodity’, ‘fluid’, ‘journey’, ‘plant’, and ‘unity’. We also examine conceptual mapping between source domain and target domain in metaphorical expressions of ‘love’. Finally we argue that English popular songs have the strong tendencies expressing positive aspects of ‘love’ instead of negative ones. This reflects American thought that ‘love’ usually gives them positive effects and vigor in life. (Pusan National University)

이 논문의 목적은 인지의미론적 은유 개념을 적용하여 근원 영역의 하나인 ‘여행’ 개념이 한국어 표현에서 어떤 개념을 이해하는 데 사용되는지를 밝히는 것이 다. 한국어 표현 속에 나타나는 여행 은유 표현의 용례를 찾고, ‘여행’을 근원 영역 으로 가지는 목표 개념들을 대상으로 여행과 구조적인 사상이 이루어지는 것을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 [인생은 여행], [사랑은 여행], [신앙은 여행], [학문 연구는 여 행], [질서 실현은 여행], [논쟁/논의는 여행] 등의 은유를 발견할 수 있었다. 그동안 의 은유 연구에서 하나의 목표 영역이 여러 가지 근원 영역에 걸쳐 은유되고 있음 을 보이는 데 주력한 것과 달리, 이 연구는 하나의 근원 영역이 다양한 목표 영역 에 적용되는가를 살펴보는 방식을 취하고 있다. 한국어를 대상으로 ‘여행’ 개념을 통하여 은유의 보편성을 확인하는 동시에 하나의 근원 영역이 하나의 목표 개념 만이 아니라 여러 개의 목표 개념을 특징짓는 양상을 보이게 됨으로써 은유의 범 위에 대한 논의를 한 데 의의를 둘 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to uncover the usage of concept of journey which is one of the source domains is used to understand concepts in Korean expressions by applying the concept of cognitive semantic metaphor. In this paper, the examples of [Journey] metaphor expression has been found and exploration of the process of structural mapping of journey with subject of target domain which takes the journey as a source domain has been done. As a result, such metaphors as [Life is a journey], [Love is a journey], [Faith is a journey], [Scholastic research is a journey], [Realization of the order is a journey], [Debate/discuss is a journey] could be found. Meanwhile, most of the researches have been focused on the one target domain being used as a metaphor over multiple source domains, this study focused on one source domain being applied to multiple target domains. This study has a significance for verifying the universality of the metaphor through the concept of “journey” in Korean as well as discussing the scope of metaphor by examining the aspect that one source domain characterizes not a single target domain but several ones.