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41

星泉 柳達永의 생애와 민족의식 KCI 등재

김동선

숭실대학교 역사문물연구소(구 숭실사학회) 숭실사학 제31집 2013.12 pp.287-327

...yu Dal Young was an intellectual who were born in Japanese colonial times and went through chaotic situations after the Korean liberation. The most important goal to him was national independence and the unification and prosperity of the newly established nation. He tried to solve the tasks of the times through rural enlightenment movement and social education. From 1928, he began to learn patriotism and national consciousness and accepted non-church movement from Kim Kyo Sin. From then, he came to have aspiration that he would lead rural enlightenment movement. For the reason, he entered Suwon Agricultural High School that was then the only agricultural high education institute in Chosun. After graduation, he worked with non-church movement activities and served time for ‘Sungsu Chosun Incident’. To him, Christianity was more than a simply faith but a passage through which he believed he could make his country independent and an earthly paradise. Therefore, he viewed his master Kim Kyo Sin as nationalist, rather than a religious man. In addition, Ryu Dal Young published “Choi Young Sin Sojeon (a short biography)”. After the liberation, Ryu Dal Young became a professor of the department of agricultural science in Seoul National University. While in professorship, he published “For A New History” and proposed a plan for national development. It served as a momentum that he was designated as the director of the National Reconstruction Movement Headquarters in September 1961. Taking the office placed him under the criticism that he was ‘an aid to the military regime’. However he explained that he assumed the office because he intended to shorten the military government and to pave a way to democracy. He thought that the way and ideology of Jang Myun administration to rule the country were not appropriate in overcoming communism. He evaluated ‘emotional anticommunism’ to be more harmful on the nation and the people. Thus he emphasized that the requirements to win communism should be “the national spirit of high ethics, purified religion, sound economic life and smooth cultural development”. He also thought that the beginning point to optimal development was building a welfare state that he thought could contribute to world peace and viewed fostering social power through self- consciousness as the source of power necessary to achieve the goal. The reason why he claimed the development of a welfare state as a way of overcoming communism was that he was aware of such special circumstances as the national division and unification. Ryu Dal Young didn’t want to leave national reconstruction movement in the hand of the government, but, in April 1963, he eventually resigned from the post in prospect that he couldn’t attain his goal as military intervention in politics became conspicuous. By the way, he had particular affection to Mugunghwa (rose of Sharon), which is the national flower. Accordingly, he was dubbed “Mugunghwa Sunbi (classical scholar)”. He, having gone through such rough experiences, attempted to glorify the nation and purify the national spirit. That is, his affection to Mugunghw doesn't mean only his love for the flower itself, but also symbolizes his entire love for the national culture. To sum up, Ryu Dal Young was both an intellectual and educator who survived post-liberation through Japanese colonial era. He is the very example that represents how his contemporary intellects thought of the nation and the people and what they did for them.

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8,700원

류달영은 일제강점기에 태어나 식민시대를 경험하고 해방이후의 혼란한 상황을 겪은 지식인이었다. 그에게 가장 중요한 명제는 조국의 독립과 건국된 새나라의 통일과 번영이었다. 그는 이러한 시대적 과제를 농촌계몽운동과 사회교육을 통해 해결하고자 하였다. 류달영은 1928년부터 김교신으로부터 무교회주의신앙과 더불어 조국애와 민족의식을 받아들이고 농촌운동을 하겠다는 열망을 가지게 되었다. 때문에 당시 조선의 유일 한 농학고등기관이던 수원고농에 진학하고, 졸업 이후에는 무교회주의자들과 더불어 활동하면서 󰡔성서조선󰡕 사건으로 옥고를 치르기도 하였다. 그에게 있어 기독교는 단순한 신앙의 차원이 아니라 조국을 광복시키고 지상의 낙원으로 건설할 수 있는 하나의 통로였다. 때문에 스승인 김교신을 종교인이라기보다는 민족주의자로 평가했다 . 또한 농촌계몽과 여성교육에 대한 열망으로 『최용신 소전』을 편찬하기도 하였다. 해방 이후 류달영은 서울대학교 농과대학의 교수로 재직하면서 󰡔새 역사를 위하여󰡕를 저술하고, 국가발전 방략을 제시하였다. 이것이 계기가 되어 류달영은 1961년 9 월 재건국민운동본부장으로 취임하였다. 이것을 기화로 그는 ‘군정협조자’라는 비난을 면치 못하였으나 류달영은 재건국민운동본부장으로 취임한 것은 군정의 단축과 민 주운동으로 향토건설을 하고자 한 것이라고 해명하고 있다. 그는 장면 정권기의 통치방식과 이념이 공산주의를 국복하는데 적절치 못하다고 판단하고 있었다. 그는 ‘감정적 반공’이 국가와 민족에게 더 해롭다고 평가하면서, 승공 의 필수조건은 “높은 윤리에 터잡은 국민정신, 순화된 종교, 건전한 경제생활, 문화의 순조로운 발전”이라고 역설하였다. 그리고 궁극적인 발전지점은 인류평화에 기여할 수 있는 복지국가의 건설로 이 목표를 달성하기 위한 힘의 원천은 자각에 의한 사회적 힘을 육성해나가는 것이라고 보았다. 이처럼 류달영이 국민복지향상을 통한 승공을 주장한 것은 민족분단이라는 특수상황과 통일을 의식했기 때문이다. 류달영은 재건국민운동을 관에 종속된 것으로 남겨두고 싶어 하지 않았으나, 군인들의 정치적 개입 이 노골화하면서 자신의 뜻을 펴지 못할 것이라는 생각에 결국 1963년 4월 본부장직을 사임하였다. 아울러 그는 나라꽃인 무궁화에 남다른 애정을 보여주기도 하였다. 이 때문에 ‘무궁화 선비’라는 별칭을 얻기도 하였다. 그는 이러한 활동을 통해 수난의 역사를 되새기면 서 국토미화와 국민의 정서순화를 촉진하고자 하였던 것이다. 즉 무궁화에 대한 그의 애정은 단순히 무궁화 자체에 대한 애정일 뿐만 아니라 우리 민족문화 전반에 대한 애정을 무궁화에 투영한 것이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 요컨대, 류달영은 일제강점기를 거쳐 해방이후까지 생존한 지식인이자 교육자로 동시기의 시기의 지식인들이 어떠한 생각을 가지고 민족과 국가를 위해 어떤 고민을 했 는지 보여주는 대표적인 인물이라고 할 수 있을 것이다.

Ryu Dal Young was an intellectual who were born in Japanese colonial times and went through chaotic situations after the Korean liberation. The most important goal to him was national independence and the unification and prosperity of the newly established nation. He tried to solve the tasks of the times through rural enlightenment movement and social education. From 1928, he began to learn patriotism and national consciousness and accepted non-church movement from Kim Kyo Sin. From then, he came to have aspiration that he would lead rural enlightenment movement. For the reason, he entered Suwon Agricultural High School that was then the only agricultural high education institute in Chosun. After graduation, he worked with non-church movement activities and served time for ‘Sungsu Chosun Incident’. To him, Christianity was more than a simply faith but a passage through which he believed he could make his country independent and an earthly paradise. Therefore, he viewed his master Kim Kyo Sin as nationalist, rather than a religious man. In addition, Ryu Dal Young published “Choi Young Sin Sojeon (a short biography)”. After the liberation, Ryu Dal Young became a professor of the department of agricultural science in Seoul National University. While in professorship, he published “For A New History” and proposed a plan for national development. It served as a momentum that he was designated as the director of the National Reconstruction Movement Headquarters in September 1961. Taking the office placed him under the criticism that he was ‘an aid to the military regime’. However he explained that he assumed the office because he intended to shorten the military government and to pave a way to democracy. He thought that the way and ideology of Jang Myun administration to rule the country were not appropriate in overcoming communism. He evaluated ‘emotional anticommunism’ to be more harmful on the nation and the people. Thus he emphasized that the requirements to win communism should be “the national spirit of high ethics, purified religion, sound economic life and smooth cultural development”. He also thought that the beginning point to optimal development was building a welfare state that he thought could contribute to world peace and viewed fostering social power through self- consciousness as the source of power necessary to achieve the goal. The reason why he claimed the development of a welfare state as a way of overcoming communism was that he was aware of such special circumstances as the national division and unification. Ryu Dal Young didn’t want to leave national reconstruction movement in the hand of the government, but, in April 1963, he eventually resigned from the post in prospect that he couldn’t attain his goal as military intervention in politics became conspicuous. By the way, he had particular affection to Mugunghwa (rose of Sharon), which is the national flower. Accordingly, he was dubbed “Mugunghwa Sunbi (classical scholar)”. He, having gone through such rough experiences, attempted to glorify the nation and purify the national spirit. That is, his affection to Mugunghw doesn't mean only his love for the flower itself, but also symbolizes his entire love for the national culture. To sum up, Ryu Dal Young was both an intellectual and educator who survived post-liberation through Japanese colonial era. He is the very example that represents how his contemporary intellects thought of the nation and the people and what they did for them.

42

1930년대 후반 유치진의 관객지향성 연극 연구- 「소」, 「마의태자」, 「자매1」을 중심으로 - KCI 등재후보

조정희

한국언어문학교육학회 한어문교육 제25집 2011.11 pp.267-297

...Yu Chijin’s play consider an audience’s in late 1930’s- Concentrating on 「Cow」, 「Prince Maeui」, 「Sister-1」 - Cho Jung-hee This paper presents a facts that Yu chi-jin’s play consider an audience’s main concern first in late 1930’s. The studies varies from the earlier versions which emphasize his realism. Yu chi-jin’s play appears commonly a tendency to the general public play of research society of the dramatic art in the early 1930’s and a tendency to the realistic national play in 1940’s. Yu chi-jin’s play, Prince Maeui, Cow, Sisters-1, have a result is at the base of the audience’s main concern. The results are a change of material no rural problem, a choice of melodramatic elements and an expression of internal emotion. Even then, a tendency to the realistic national play in 1940’s, he is a player with a strong sense of vocation which emphasize the expression of audience’s main concern. Yu chi-jin considered that the point of plays is Audience.

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7,200원

Study on Yu Chijin’s play consider an audience’s in late 1930’s- Concentrating on 「Cow」, 「Prince Maeui」, 「Sister-1」 - Cho Jung-hee This paper presents a facts that Yu chi-jin’s play consider an audience’s main concern first in late 1930’s. The studies varies from the earlier versions which emphasize his realism. Yu chi-jin’s play appears commonly a tendency to the general public play of research society of the dramatic art in the early 1930’s and a tendency to the realistic national play in 1940’s. Yu chi-jin’s play, Prince Maeui, Cow, Sisters-1, have a result is at the base of the audience’s main concern. The results are a change of material no rural problem, a choice of melodramatic elements and an expression of internal emotion. Even then, a tendency to the realistic national play in 1940’s, he is a player with a strong sense of vocation which emphasize the expression of audience’s main concern. Yu chi-jin considered that the point of plays is Audience.

43

石儂 柳瑾의 항일민족운동과 사상

김명섭

국학연구소 국학연구 제10집 2005.12 pp.85-106

...Yu Geun's life, as seen from the foundations of the 《Hwang-seong newspaper》and《Dong-A Il-Bo》and his educational activities, greatly contributed to the formation of Korean modern racial speech and education. His anti-Japan movement started from Independence Society and Korean Self-strengthening Society is connected to the activity for Deajonggyo and Seoul Government Establishment Movement and shows the aspect of a racial leader. His spirit for Korean literature shown on the activity for Jo-Seon Gwang-Mun Society and the publishment of history books certainly shows his aspect of cultural racialist revealing his deep interest in Korean history, culture, and language. He is a scholar of Korean literature. His ability is very high enough to teach Korean history and culture to Korean and to translate Chinese characters to Korean dictionary in 1910's. Having high tone in both Korean and Chinese literature, he is deserved to be estimated as one of the most famous fine writers of the day. It is worthy of notice that the foundation of his idea on racial education and Korean literature Promotion Movement was deeply established on the idea of Deajonggyo. He was very friendly with the second head of Deajonggyo, Kim Gyoheon, and participated in the effort that they tried to serve Dan-gun as the sacred ancestor and revive racial spirit for the Anti-Japan Independence Armament Struggle of the day.『Dan-Jo-Sa-Go』in which the doctine of Deajonggyo and history based on Deajonggyo is reviewed,『Sin-Dan-Sil-Gi, and『Han-Guk-Tong-Sa』written by him and Park Eunsik are masterpieces showing his view on race and will for anti-Japan. Compared with his contributions that he made for life to patriotic enlightenment movement, modern speech activity, and anti-Japan racial movement, we cannot stop to feel keenly the insufficiency of the estimation for his life and achievements. We just hope that his position is reestimated as a scholar of Korean literature and great thinker. Especially, we are expecting that fundamental studies are continued about his role and position as a leader of Deajonggyo Southern-Dobonsa.

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5,800원

Yu Geun's life, as seen from the foundations of the 《Hwang-seong newspaper》and《Dong-A Il-Bo》and his educational activities, greatly contributed to the formation of Korean modern racial speech and education. His anti-Japan movement started from Independence Society and Korean Self-strengthening Society is connected to the activity for Deajonggyo and Seoul Government Establishment Movement and shows the aspect of a racial leader. His spirit for Korean literature shown on the activity for Jo-Seon Gwang-Mun Society and the publishment of history books certainly shows his aspect of cultural racialist revealing his deep interest in Korean history, culture, and language. He is a scholar of Korean literature. His ability is very high enough to teach Korean history and culture to Korean and to translate Chinese characters to Korean dictionary in 1910's. Having high tone in both Korean and Chinese literature, he is deserved to be estimated as one of the most famous fine writers of the day. It is worthy of notice that the foundation of his idea on racial education and Korean literature Promotion Movement was deeply established on the idea of Deajonggyo. He was very friendly with the second head of Deajonggyo, Kim Gyoheon, and participated in the effort that they tried to serve Dan-gun as the sacred ancestor and revive racial spirit for the Anti-Japan Independence Armament Struggle of the day.『Dan-Jo-Sa-Go』in which the doctine of Deajonggyo and history based on Deajonggyo is reviewed,『Sin-Dan-Sil-Gi, and『Han-Guk-Tong-Sa』written by him and Park Eunsik are masterpieces showing his view on race and will for anti-Japan. Compared with his contributions that he made for life to patriotic enlightenment movement, modern speech activity, and anti-Japan racial movement, we cannot stop to feel keenly the insufficiency of the estimation for his life and achievements. We just hope that his position is reestimated as a scholar of Korean literature and great thinker. Especially, we are expecting that fundamental studies are continued about his role and position as a leader of Deajonggyo Southern-Dobonsa.

44

매체에 기고된 유근(柳瑾,1861~1921)의 한시연구 KCI 등재

이고은

이화어문학회 이화어문논집 제48집 2019.08 pp.127-154

...Yu Geun (柳瑾, 1861-1921) submitted to magazines and newspapers, and find the meaning of it. Yu Geun contributed classical Chinese poetry to the Daily Newspaper (每日新報), SEOUL (서울) and Dong-A Newspaper (東亞日報). The work Yu wrote for the Daily Newspaper was a new attempt to make Korean songs into classical Chinese poetry under the name “sin-akbu” (新樂府). However, it can be said that it was different from the direction of his classical Chinese poetry published in Dong-A Newspaper and SEOUL. Therefore, this article focuses on poems written for Dong-A Newspaper and SEOUL. Yu Geun’s work can be divided into two: social work that shows his values calculated from the domestic and international situation as he saw it; and work that projects his personal feelings. The magazine editors of SEOUL set readers as the main agent of enlightenment, publishing their magazine for the purpose of solving contemporary problems and promoting national consciousness and pride in the cultural nation. For SEOUL, Yu showed an attitude of trying to protect tradition and actively expressed his values. In 詞藻, in Dong-A Newspaper, it is peculiar that Yu shows a passive attitude after the release and the suspension of a newspaper. In 諷林, I can confirm Yu Geun's political stance toward Western powers after World War One. As media, SEOUL and Dong-A Newspaper both published many poems that were close to social criticism. SEOUL and Dong-A Newspaper conveyed such messages to readers who were familiar with Chinese characters in a compressed way, by using familiar idioms that originated in ancient events. Yu’s poetry, which contributed to media in the era of national enlightenment, shows that classical Chinese writing had some power in the 1920s.

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6,700원

본고는 유근(柳瑾, 1861~1921)이 잡지와 신문에 기고한 한시를 소개하고 매체별 한시가 갖는 의미를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 유근은 『매일신보(每日申報)』, 『동아일보(東亞日報)』, 잡지 『서울』에 시를 기고했다. 『매일신보』에 기고한 작품은 ‘신악부(新樂府)’라는 제명을 가지고 한글노래를 한역했던 새로운 시도로 평가할 수 있으나 『동아일보』와 『서울』에 기고된 시의 방향과는 다르다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 여기에서는 잡지 『서울』과 『동아일보』 소재 유근의 한시에 주목했다. 그의 작품은 국내외 사회적 모습과 정세를 파악한 데에서 산출된 가치관을 드러낸 작품, 사물이나 전통적 요소를 가지고 개인의 감정을 토로한 작품 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 잡지 『서울』은 당대 과제들을 극복하고 민족의식과 문화민족의 자긍심을 고취시키기 위한 목적 하에 만들어졌다. 한학적 배경을 기반으로 한 독자층을 겨냥했던 것은 독자들을 계몽의 대상자가 아닌 주체자로 보았기 때문이다. 따라서 유근은 자국의 전통과 ‘옛 것’을 수호하는 모습을 보여주며 본인의 가치관을 적극적으로 개진했다. 반면에 『동아일보』 사조란에서는 신문 정간 이후 소극적 태도로 변모한 작품들이 등장했다. 또한 풍림란에서는 1차 세계대전 이후 서구 열강을 바라보는 유근의 정치적 가치관을 확인할 수 있다. 이때 그는 열강에 대한 가치판단은 유보한 채 독자의 몫으로 남겨두었다. 이는 신문법에 의거해 일제에 검열을 당할 것을 염려한 편집진의 전략으로 인한 것이었다. 『서울』이나 『동아일보』 모두 각각의 매체에 맞는 방향으로 시가 기고되었기에 매체별 기고된 시에 차이가 있다. 그럼에도 『서울』과 『동아일보』 모두 한문학의 자장 안에 있던 이들을 주 독자층으로 설정하였으므로, 유근은 각 매체에 한학전통을 활용하여 주장하는 바를 압축적으로 제시할 수 있었다. 그의 시 기고 활동은 민족계몽운동의 일환으로서 행해졌던 것으로, 이러한 활동 속에 기고되었던 그의 시는 한글 전용을 표명했던 1920년대에도 소극적이나마 ‘당대적 문학’으로서 의미를 함축하고 있다고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to introduce the classical Chinese poetry (漢詩) which Yu Geun (柳瑾, 1861-1921) submitted to magazines and newspapers, and find the meaning of it. Yu Geun contributed classical Chinese poetry to the Daily Newspaper (每日新報), SEOUL (서울) and Dong-A Newspaper (東亞日報). The work Yu wrote for the Daily Newspaper was a new attempt to make Korean songs into classical Chinese poetry under the name “sin-akbu” (新樂府). However, it can be said that it was different from the direction of his classical Chinese poetry published in Dong-A Newspaper and SEOUL. Therefore, this article focuses on poems written for Dong-A Newspaper and SEOUL. Yu Geun’s work can be divided into two: social work that shows his values calculated from the domestic and international situation as he saw it; and work that projects his personal feelings. The magazine editors of SEOUL set readers as the main agent of enlightenment, publishing their magazine for the purpose of solving contemporary problems and promoting national consciousness and pride in the cultural nation. For SEOUL, Yu showed an attitude of trying to protect tradition and actively expressed his values. In 詞藻, in Dong-A Newspaper, it is peculiar that Yu shows a passive attitude after the release and the suspension of a newspaper. In 諷林, I can confirm Yu Geun's political stance toward Western powers after World War One. As media, SEOUL and Dong-A Newspaper both published many poems that were close to social criticism. SEOUL and Dong-A Newspaper conveyed such messages to readers who were familiar with Chinese characters in a compressed way, by using familiar idioms that originated in ancient events. Yu’s poetry, which contributed to media in the era of national enlightenment, shows that classical Chinese writing had some power in the 1920s.

45

고려시대 유병에 대한 소고

정원주

한국전통문화대학교 한국전통문화연구소 한국전통문화연구 제15권 2015.05 pp.123-157

...Yu-byeong produced by a variety of techniques in the Koryo Dynasty, in the context of pottery in the period of united Silla. It also examines the aspects and features of general artifacts and its excavation situation centered on the ruins in which yu-byeongs in the Koryo Dynasty were excavated. As the formative origin of Yu-byeong in the Koryo Dynasty, the pottery Yu-byeong in two forms could be identified to reveal the changes of the ceramic industry from pottery to porcelain in Dogiyojigun, Gurim-ri in Young-am. It presented the interrelation between pottery and Yu-byeong produced as celadon in the background of ceramic industry in the period of late silla and early Koryo. The klins that the Yu-byeongs in the Koryo Dynasty came from were investigated per Chuk-yo. All of them were produced in Jeon-chuk and Tochuk-yo regardless of the materials of Chuk-yo. However, they were produced in Jeonchuk-yo in the Midwest much than Tochuk-yo in the Southwest relatively, which confirmed the characteristics of Yu-byeong as pottery. In addition, the results from investigating Yu-byeong in the Koryo Dynasty to focus on the excavated products of contemporary tombs among the ruins of consumption place revealed that Yu-byeongs in the Koryo Dynasty were excavated in seokgwak, togwangmyo in the regions of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla, Gyeongsang in the 12-14thcentury. Yu-byeongs were generally identified with pottery, porcelain, and metal products. In particular, it could be assumed that yu-byeong in the Koryo Dynasty was a kind of makeup tool considering the relevance with the consumption aspects and Jeonsepoom accompanying mirror and scissor among metal products.

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7,800원

본 논문은 고려시대에 다양한 기법으로 제작된 유병에 대한 조형적 특징을 통일 신라시대 도기와의 연관선상에서 살펴보고, 고려시대 유병이 출토된 유적을 중심으 로 출토현황 및 전반적인 유물의 양상과 성격에 대해 살펴본 논문이다. 고려시대 유병의 조형적 연원은 도기에서 자기로 발전해가는 요업의 변화를 보 여주는 영암 구림리 도기요지군에서 2가지 형태의 도기제 유병을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 당시의 요업적 배경 속에서 도기와 청자로 제작된 유병의 조형적인 상호 연관성을 알 수 있었다. 고려시대 유병이 출토된 가마를 축요별로 살펴보았는데, 축요재와 상관없이 전 축․토축요에서 모두 생산되었다. 그러나 중서부지역의 전축요보다는 남서부지역의 토축요에서 상대적으로 많이 생산되어 도기적 성격이 강한 유병을 재확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 고려시대 유병을 소비지 유적 중 동시대 분묘 출토품을 중심으로 살 펴본 결과, 12~14세기에 경기, 충청, 전라, 경상도권의 석곽묘, 토광묘에서 고려시 대 유병이 출토되었으며, 대체로 도기, 자기, 금속기와 함께 확인되었다. 특히, 금속 기류 중 거울, 가위와 공반되는 소비양상과 전세품과의 연관성을 살펴보았을 때 고 려시대 유병이 화장도구의 일종이었음을 추정케 하였다.

This study explores the formative characteristics of Yu-byeong produced by a variety of techniques in the Koryo Dynasty, in the context of pottery in the period of united Silla. It also examines the aspects and features of general artifacts and its excavation situation centered on the ruins in which yu-byeongs in the Koryo Dynasty were excavated. As the formative origin of Yu-byeong in the Koryo Dynasty, the pottery Yu-byeong in two forms could be identified to reveal the changes of the ceramic industry from pottery to porcelain in Dogiyojigun, Gurim-ri in Young-am. It presented the interrelation between pottery and Yu-byeong produced as celadon in the background of ceramic industry in the period of late silla and early Koryo. The klins that the Yu-byeongs in the Koryo Dynasty came from were investigated per Chuk-yo. All of them were produced in Jeon-chuk and Tochuk-yo regardless of the materials of Chuk-yo. However, they were produced in Jeonchuk-yo in the Midwest much than Tochuk-yo in the Southwest relatively, which confirmed the characteristics of Yu-byeong as pottery. In addition, the results from investigating Yu-byeong in the Koryo Dynasty to focus on the excavated products of contemporary tombs among the ruins of consumption place revealed that Yu-byeongs in the Koryo Dynasty were excavated in seokgwak, togwangmyo in the regions of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla, Gyeongsang in the 12-14thcentury. Yu-byeongs were generally identified with pottery, porcelain, and metal products. In particular, it could be assumed that yu-byeong in the Koryo Dynasty was a kind of makeup tool considering the relevance with the consumption aspects and Jeonsepoom accompanying mirror and scissor among metal products.

46

於于 柳夢寅의 寓言 硏究

임유경

이화어문학회 이화어문논집 제35집 2015.04 pp.173-199

...Yu Mongin’s allegory proses in the Mid-Choson Dynasty. To accomplish this, the paper reviewed the trend of the Mid Choson dynasty’s proses and the significance of allegory proses of that era. Based upon that, this paper focuses on the achievement of Yu Mongin’s allegory proses and its characteristics. Yu Mongin’s allegory proses showed interest in the pursuit of real knowledge and possession of knowing, which was not limited to the boundaries of Confucianism. His artwork embraced various philosophies and reflected their ways of thinking. The wide spectrum of his philosophical & literature world constructed unique proses which contained satire and sarcasm. Yu Mongin’s allegory proses focused on everyday life and practical politics, thereby taking both a philosophical and logical approach to life in allegory proses. By doing that his artwork shined with liveliness in the Mid Choson dynasty’s and portrayed the group of political scholars in that era, Sanlim(), with cynicism. Also, Yu Mongin accomplished higher level narratives through his agony and the status of human beings in the universe. Yu Mongin used real characters and situations to inspire vitality in his allegory proses. Also, he used a series of questions and binary opposition to achieve logical criticism, persuasion and entertainment value.

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6,600원

본고는 산문의 융성이라는 조선중기의 흐름과 우언작품의 양적·질적 고양이라 는 문학사적 조응에 관심을 두고, 조선중기의 대표적 산문작가 유몽인의 우언에 집중했다. 이를 위해 조선중기 우언의 흐름을 간단히 살피고 유몽인의 산문관과 우언을 간략히 언급했다. 그리고 조선중기 우언의 흐름 속에서 큰 위치를 차지하 고 있는 유몽인 우언의 구체적 면모를 살폈다. 유몽인 우언의 특징은 유학자로의 한계를 넘어서는 참된 지식의 추구와 그 지 식의 소유 문제로 드러났다. 이와 같은 우언 창작은 다양한 사상에 대한 포용력과 한계를 넘어서려는 시도가 구체화 된 것이다. 때문에 그의 우언에는 다양한 사고 방식에 대한 고찰과 긍정이 담겨있고, 그렇지 못한 현실에 대한 풍자와 냉소와 비 판이 역동적으로 살아 있다. 또 다른 유몽인 우언의 특징으로 당대의 구체적 현실을 담아내는 시도를 들 수 있다. 그는 시공간을 초월한 인물이나 상황을 제시하기보다 당대의 정치적 상황과 당대의 실제 인물들을 형상화했다. 이를 통해 우언에 생동감을 주었고 우언이 추 구하는 인류 보편적인 가치에서 나아가 당대를 통해 투영된 일반과 보편을 그려 냈다. 특히 조선중기에 정치집단으로 부상한 산림의 모습에 대한 비판을 통해, 정 신적 가치를 추구하는 유학자가 정치권력과 연결되었을 때 보이는 비열한 태도를 희화화했다. 그리고 인간이 가진 저급한 속성에 대한 우언을 통해 우주적 존재로 서의 인간이 가지는 위치와 가치에 대한 고민을 서사화했다. 유몽인의 우언은 당대의 인물 혹은 상황을 소재로 하여 생동감을 얻었고, 문답 과 이항 대립을 배치하여 비판의 긴장감을 높였다. 나아가 열등하지만 그것을 알 지 못하는 인물들을 독자 앞에 그려내어 독자가 느끼는 비판적 재미가 고양되도 록 했다. 이처럼 유몽인의 우언은 논리적이고 철학적인 전통적 우언에 구체적 상 황, 개성적 인물, 열등과 우등의 대립이라는 서사적 요소가 적절히 결합되어 우언 이 성취하고자 하는 논리적 비판과 설득, 그리고 재미의 효과를 높였다. 위와 같은 우언 분석 작업은 유몽인 우언의 형상화와 특징을 재구하는 단서가 될 것이며 조선중기의 다른 우언작가들의 면모도 살필 수 있는 계기가 될 것이다.

The purpose of this paper is to verify the characteristics of Yu Mongin’s allegory proses in the Mid-Choson Dynasty. To accomplish this, the paper reviewed the trend of the Mid Choson dynasty’s proses and the significance of allegory proses of that era. Based upon that, this paper focuses on the achievement of Yu Mongin’s allegory proses and its characteristics. Yu Mongin’s allegory proses showed interest in the pursuit of real knowledge and possession of knowing, which was not limited to the boundaries of Confucianism. His artwork embraced various philosophies and reflected their ways of thinking. The wide spectrum of his philosophical & literature world constructed unique proses which contained satire and sarcasm. Yu Mongin’s allegory proses focused on everyday life and practical politics, thereby taking both a philosophical and logical approach to life in allegory proses. By doing that his artwork shined with liveliness in the Mid Choson dynasty’s and portrayed the group of political scholars in that era, Sanlim(), with cynicism. Also, Yu Mongin accomplished higher level narratives through his agony and the status of human beings in the universe. Yu Mongin used real characters and situations to inspire vitality in his allegory proses. Also, he used a series of questions and binary opposition to achieve logical criticism, persuasion and entertainment value.

47

橘山 李裕元의 『體論類編』ㆍ『國朝謨訓』저술 양상과 그 의의 KCI 등재

권진옥

열상고전연구회 열상고전연구 제37집 2013.06 pp.345-373

...Yu-won(李裕元) is an important figure. This research introduces his work that does not pay attention in academia, and says that the significance. Due to the influence of the qing dynasty's documental archaeology, through the commonplace book in the form of Ryuseo(類书), he organized and summarized knowledge. The result is Cheronryupeon(體論類編) and Kukchomohun(國朝謨訓). Cheronryupeon(體論類編) is made to Ryuseo(類书), has recorded the history of China. he distinguished clause vast knowledge, integrated the relevant information. First he is made to their knowledge base. Kukchomohun(國朝謨訓) has been written the becoming an example items in Kukchobogam(國朝寶鑑). He has shown an attitude that organized knowledge in the field of their interest, this is like Cheronryupeon(體論類編). Two books can be found the affinity with his Imhapilgi((林下笔记). Even after he compiled consistently the various Ryuseo(類書), Jyejabaekjun(諸子百雋), Jeonkukchaekjeolyo(戰國策節要), Hanyechonghoi(漢隷䕺薈), Leesikumseokrok(李氏金石錄), Ryuhasoairok(榴夏瑣錄), etc. Then, in later life he finally completed Imhapilgi((林下笔记). he completed the various Ryuseo(類書) of critical aspects based on his extensive collection, provided own academic achievement to contemporary and future generations as an aspect of the encyclopedia.

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6,900원

19세기의 정치적․문화적 현상을 연구함에 있어서, 이유원(李裕元, 1814-1888)은 거론하지 않을 수 없는 인물이다. 그만큼 제 전공분야에서 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본고는 이유원이 남긴 저술에 주목하여, 아직 학계에서 주목받지 않은 자료를 소개하고, 이와 동시에 그 저술 양상과 의의를 밝히고자 한다. 이유원의 동시대 지식인들은 청대 고증학의 영향으로 차기(箚記) 형태의 유서(類書)를 통해 지식을 체계화하고 정리하는 데 부단히 노력하였다. 이유원 역시 젊은 시절부터 이러한 학문태도를 견지했는데, 그 결과물이 바로 『체론류편(體論類編)』과 『국조모훈(國朝謨訓)』이다. 『체론류편』은 중국의 역사에 대한 기록을 유서로 만든 책이다. 방대한 지식을 부문과 조목으로 구별하여 관련 정보를 집적하는 학문 태도를 본격적으로 드러낸 자료라 할 수 있는데, 처음으로 이유원이 자신의 지식 창고를 만들려고 시도한 결과라 하겠다. 『국조모훈』은 『체론류편』을 완성하고서 바로 착수한 유서인데, 『국조보감(國朝寶鑑)』 가운데 가장 감계(鑑戒)가 될 만한 것들을 뽑아서 엮은 것이다. 『국조모훈』은 비록 제왕학과 관련된 내용이지만 자신의 관심 분야에서는 기민하게 대응하여 관련 지식 정보들을 체계적으로 정리하는 학문 태도를 보이고 있다는 것은 『체론류편』과 마찬가지이다. 『체론류편』과 『국조모훈』은 이유원의 대표적 유서인 『임하필기(林下筆記)』와의 친연성을 확인할 수 있다. 『임하필기』는 만년인 1872년에 최종적으로 마무리된 책이지만, 그 이전에 이미 습작의 형태로 진행되고 있었음은 자명한데 『체론류편』과 『국조모훈』이 그 증거가 된다. 이후에도 이유원은 문장 공부에서의 『제자백준(諸子百雋)』․『전국책절요(戰國策節要)』, 서법(書法)에서의 『한례총회(漢隷䕺薈)』, 집안 가승(家乘)에서의 『이씨금석록(李氏金石錄)』, 생활 관련 유서인 『유하쇄록(榴夏瑣錄)』 등 꾸준히 다방면의 유서들을 편찬하면서 자신만의 온전한 지식 공간을 확대하였고, 결국 『임하필기』를 완성하게 이르렀다. 이렇게 이유원은 방대한 장서들을 바탕으로 긴요한 방면에 각각의 유서를 차례차례 만들어 가면서, 자신의 학문적 성취를 동시대는 물론이고 이후 세대에게 지식 백과사전의 양태로 제공하고자 했던 것으로 보인다.

Political and cultural phenomena of the 19th century, Lee, Yu-won(李裕元) is an important figure. This research introduces his work that does not pay attention in academia, and says that the significance. Due to the influence of the qing dynasty's documental archaeology, through the commonplace book in the form of Ryuseo(類书), he organized and summarized knowledge. The result is Cheronryupeon(體論類編) and Kukchomohun(國朝謨訓). Cheronryupeon(體論類編) is made to Ryuseo(類书), has recorded the history of China. he distinguished clause vast knowledge, integrated the relevant information. First he is made to their knowledge base. Kukchomohun(國朝謨訓) has been written the becoming an example items in Kukchobogam(國朝寶鑑). He has shown an attitude that organized knowledge in the field of their interest, this is like Cheronryupeon(體論類編). Two books can be found the affinity with his Imhapilgi((林下笔记). Even after he compiled consistently the various Ryuseo(類書), Jyejabaekjun(諸子百雋), Jeonkukchaekjeolyo(戰國策節要), Hanyechonghoi(漢隷䕺薈), Leesikumseokrok(李氏金石錄), Ryuhasoairok(榴夏瑣錄), etc. Then, in later life he finally completed Imhapilgi((林下笔记). he completed the various Ryuseo(類書) of critical aspects based on his extensive collection, provided own academic achievement to contemporary and future generations as an aspect of the encyclopedia.

48

7,300원

49

隐藏在东庙匾额中的关羽精神 - 一个“跨越东亚”文化研究的示例 - KCI 등재후보

任志强, 王静

순천향대학교 공자아카데미 중국학연구소 沽山中國學報 제10호 2024.07 pp.7-26

...Yu is a long-standing Chinese culture. In addition to China, temples dedicated to Guan Yu can also be seen in Japan, South Korea and other countries in the Chinese cultural circle. The Dongmyo Temple in Dongdaemun District, Seoul, South Korea is the most representative Guanyu Temple in South Korea. Its most important feature is that there are nearly 50 plaques hung in the main hall. The words on the plaque contain the author's evaluation of Guan Yu. By analyzing the content of the words on the plaque, we can understand the spirit that Guan Yu represented at that time. By analyzing the text in the six plaques inscribed by envoys of the Qing Dynasty, we can know that worshiping Guan Yu was mainly popular among the ruling class, and Guan Yu represented a symbol of military and political power. The words in some of the plaques also reflect the Chinese people's general evaluation of Guan Yu, that is, Guan Yu's spirit of “loyalty” and “loyalty”. Through multiple field visits, errors in previous studies were corrected and the latest texts and data were provided.

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5,500원

관우를 모시는 것은 중국의 오래된 문화라고 할 수 있다. 중국뿐만 아니라 일본, 한국 등 한자문화권에 속한 나라에서도 관우를 모신 묘을 찾을 수 있다. 서울특별시 동대문구에 있는 동묘는 한국의 대표적인 관우묘로, 50여 점의 현판이 걸려 있는 것이 가장 큰 특징이다. 이 현판에 쓰인 글은 관우에 대한 평가를 담은 것이며, 현판 글의 내용을 분석해보면 당시 관우라는 인물이 상징하는 바 그리고 그에게 부여된 평가를 알 수 있다. 청나라 사신이 쓴 현판은 6개가 있고, 여기에 적힌 글을 분석해 보면 관우를 모시는 것은 지배계급에서 주로 유행했으며, 관우는 군사와 정권의 상징이라는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 일부 현판에 쓰인 글에는 관우에 대한 중국인들의 보편적인 평가, 즉 ‘충심(忠心)’, ‘의리(义气)’ 등이 담겨 있다. 동묘 현장을 탐방하며 이전 연구의 오류를 수정하였고, 본 연구를 통해 최신 텍스트 및 데이터를 제공하였다.

Worshiping Guan Yu is a long-standing Chinese culture. In addition to China, temples dedicated to Guan Yu can also be seen in Japan, South Korea and other countries in the Chinese cultural circle. The Dongmyo Temple in Dongdaemun District, Seoul, South Korea is the most representative Guanyu Temple in South Korea. Its most important feature is that there are nearly 50 plaques hung in the main hall. The words on the plaque contain the author's evaluation of Guan Yu. By analyzing the content of the words on the plaque, we can understand the spirit that Guan Yu represented at that time. By analyzing the text in the six plaques inscribed by envoys of the Qing Dynasty, we can know that worshiping Guan Yu was mainly popular among the ruling class, and Guan Yu represented a symbol of military and political power. The words in some of the plaques also reflect the Chinese people's general evaluation of Guan Yu, that is, Guan Yu's spirit of “loyalty” and “loyalty”. Through multiple field visits, errors in previous studies were corrected and the latest texts and data were provided.

50

에도시대 공인 유곽의 성립과 유녀봉공의 문제점 KCI 등재

양익모

한국일본사상사학회 日本思想 제43호 2022.12 pp.113-131

...Yu-gak and prostitutes, which existed in early-modern Japan. First of all, to investigate sexual violence against women by public authority, Yoshiwara, the authorization Yu-gak district in Edo, is the subject of the analysis. I will argue the trafficking in people especially with prostitutes who belong to the Yu-gak. The Edo Shogunate permited the authorization Yu-gak of Yoshiwara in Edo for three main reasons. The first is to prevent acts that interfere with customs such as embezzlement by passengers and abandonment of family business, and the second is to prevent forced trafficking in people. Finally, it was to crack down on criminals. The problem with Yoshiwara, which was permitted for the above reasons, was that the prostitute in Yoshiwara was treated as a “people of the prostitute houkou.”. Houkou means providing labor and receiving “salary.”. However, in the case of prostitutes, it was not “salary” but “ransom”. Also, it is clear that the prostitute houkou was a line of human trafficking, as it was also called ‘sold by a prostitute.’. In other words, the shogunate gave reasons for preventing forced trafficking in human beings when allowing authorization Yu-gak to be officially recognized, but in fact, it was a contradictory policy that allowed prostitutes to trade in human trafficking. As a result, it can be seen that the shogunate also recognized “prostitute houkou” as another form of “human trafficking.”

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5,400원

본고는 일본 에도시대 국가권력에 의한 여성에 대한 성폭력 문제를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 즉 여성에 대한 성폭력 문제를 국가권력과 관련시켜 규명하는 것이다. 인류에 있어서 성의 매매는 시기와 지역 구분 없이 존재하였다. 본고에서는 이러한 문제의식하에 근세 일본 즉 에도막부 시대에 존재했던 공인유곽 과 유녀에 대해서 막부의 법령을 근거로 에도막부가 유녀에 대한 성폭력을 묵인하였다 는 주장을 입증하고자 한다. 공권력에 의한 여성에 대한 성폭력을 규명하기 위하여 에 도에 있었던 공인유곽인 요시와라을 분석 대상으로 한다. 특히 유곽에 속한 유녀의 봉 공을 인신매매의 측면에서 논하고자 한다. 에도막부는 크게 세 가지 이유를 들어 에도에 요시와라에 공인 유곽을 허가하였다. 막부에 의해 공인유곽으로 허가된 요시와라의 문제점은 요시와라에서 일하는 유녀를 ‘유녀봉공인’으로 취급하고 있다는 것이다. ‘봉공’이란 것은 노동력을 제공하고 ‘급료’를 받는 것이다. 그러나 유녀의 경우 ‘급료’ 대신 ‘몸값(身代金)’을 받게 되어 있었다. 또한 유녀의 봉공이 ‘몸을 판단(身売り)’라고 불리고 있었던 것은 유녀봉공이 인신매매의 계 통이었다는 것을 증명해 주고 있다. 즉 막부는 공인 유곽을 하가할 때 ‘구인(勾引)’이라 는 강제적인 인신매매를 방지한다는 이유를 들고 있지만 실제로는 유녀의 인신매매 를 인정하는 모순된 정책을 취하고 있다. 경과적으로 막부도 ‘유녀봉공’을 ‘인신매매’ 의 다른 한 형태로서 인식하고 있었던 것이다.

The purpose of this article is to investigate sexual violence against women by state power in the Edo period. In other words, the issue of sexual violence against women should be identified in relation to state power. Sex trafficking has existed in mankind at all times and regions. This article argues that the Edo Shogunate in sexual violence against prostitutes by using the laws of the shogunate against Yu-gak and prostitutes, which existed in early-modern Japan. First of all, to investigate sexual violence against women by public authority, Yoshiwara, the authorization Yu-gak district in Edo, is the subject of the analysis. I will argue the trafficking in people especially with prostitutes who belong to the Yu-gak. The Edo Shogunate permited the authorization Yu-gak of Yoshiwara in Edo for three main reasons. The first is to prevent acts that interfere with customs such as embezzlement by passengers and abandonment of family business, and the second is to prevent forced trafficking in people. Finally, it was to crack down on criminals. The problem with Yoshiwara, which was permitted for the above reasons, was that the prostitute in Yoshiwara was treated as a “people of the prostitute houkou.”. Houkou means providing labor and receiving “salary.”. However, in the case of prostitutes, it was not “salary” but “ransom”. Also, it is clear that the prostitute houkou was a line of human trafficking, as it was also called ‘sold by a prostitute.’. In other words, the shogunate gave reasons for preventing forced trafficking in human beings when allowing authorization Yu-gak to be officially recognized, but in fact, it was a contradictory policy that allowed prostitutes to trade in human trafficking. As a result, it can be seen that the shogunate also recognized “prostitute houkou” as another form of “human trafficking.”

本稿は江戸時代において国家権力による女性に対する性暴力問題を究明する事を目的 にする。すなわち、女性に対する性暴力の問題を国家権力と関連づけて究明することで ある。人類において性の売買は時期と地域を問わず存在してきた。 本稿では、このような問題意識の下で近世日本に存在した遊郭と遊女に対して幕府の 法令を使用し江戸幕府が遊女に対する性暴力を黙認したと主張することである。まず、 公権力による女性に対する性暴力を究明するために江戸にあった公認の遊郭である吉原 を分析の対象とする。特に遊郭に属している遊女に対して人士売買の側面から論ずるこ とにする。 江戸幕府は大きく三つの理由で江戸に吉原という公認の遊郭を許可した。まず、遊客 による横領、家業の放棄などの風俗を妨げる行為を防ぐためであり、次は強制的な人身 売買を防ごうとするためである。最後に犯罪者の取り締まるためであった。以上のよう な理由で許可された吉原の問題点は吉原で働く遊女を「遊女奉公人」として扱われたこと である。奉公というのは労働力などを提供して「給料」を貰うことである。しかし、遊女 の場合「給料」ではなく「身代金」を貰うことであった。また、遊女の奉公が「身売り」とも 呼ばれたことからも人身売買の系統であったことが明らかである。すなわち、幕府は公 認遊郭を許可する際に、「人勾引」という強制的な人身売買を防ごうとする理由を上げて いるが、実際には遊女の人身売買を認めている矛盾になる政策をとっていた。結果的に 幕府も「遊女奉公」を「人身売買」別の形態として認識していたことがわかるのある。

51

유득공의 <송경잡절>과 왕어양의 <진회잡시> 비교연구 KCI 등재

박설매

한중인문학회 한중인문학연구 제59집 2018.06 pp.123-144

...Yuyang’s “Theory of Romantic Charm” had great influence at that time and became the mainstream. Wang Yuyang did not give a systematic theory in his life time, but he promoted the creation of verve. He showed respect to Wangwei and Meng Haoran. He himself was also strongly advocated the creation of verve, and then han a great impact on poetry. His followers sum up his theoretical viewpoints to be “Theory of Romantic Charm”, a guidance of a group of poets at the time. Its also influenced the school of Northern Studies. Wang Yuyang’s “Theory of Romantic Charm” laid the groundwork for Yoo Daekgong to discover the aesthetic value of poem and to discover the national identity of Korean literature. Yoo Daekgong felt that poetry was read as romantic charm based on the poet’s character and the enjoyment was to be savor. He regarded the “Poetry Express Will”as the basis of composition and set out to enrich the expression of the poetry. (The nature of the character, the god to turn, play it to be interesting.) The influence of “Theory of Romantic Charm”, Yoo Daekgong’s poetry style became more ample, but he did not take “Theory of Romantic Charm” as a creative idea, and did not focus on aesthetic function. This enabled him to overcome the problems of reality and critical weakness, that Wang Yuyang’s “Theory of Romantic Charm” only focused the aesthetic function. The article will compare the “Miscellaneous Poems about QinHuai” with “Sentences of Reciting the Feelings of Seasons or Things in Songdo”, to find out the acception of the “Theory of Romantic Charm” through the methods of the study of comparative literature, methodology of social historical criticism.

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5,800원

청나라 강희 황제시절 왕어양의 ‘신운설(神韻說)’은 시가창작에 거대한 영향을 일으켜 신 운시파라고 불리는 시가학파를 형성하였다. 왕어양은 ‘신운설’을 개념으로 제기한 적은 없지 만 시가창작에 활용할 것을 제창하면서 솔선수범을 하였다. 그의 영향으로 하여 ‘신운설’은 당 시 시단의 주류를 잡게 되었으며 그의 시가이념을 따랐던 시인들은 왕어양의 시가창작이론에 ‘신운설’이라는 이름을 붙였고 그 뒤로 ‘신운설’은 많은 시인들이 시가 창작의 지도이념중의 하나로 되었다. ‘신운설’이 조선에 유입된 뒤 ‘북학파’를 포함한 조선의 시인들의 시가창작에도 많은 영향을 주었다. 특히 왕어양의 ‘신운설’은 유득공이 시가의 심미적 가치를 발굴하고 조선 문학의 민족성을 발견하는 데 기초를 닦아주었다. 유득공은 “시가는 시인의 성정에서 발로하 여 신운으로 풀이되며 그 취미는 음미하기에 달렸다(本諸性情,神以化之,玩其歸趣)”고 주 장하면서‘시언지(詩言志)’를 시가창작의 기본으로 여기고 시가의 표현형식을 풍부히 하는데 치중했다. 하여 유득공은 ‘신운설’의 영향을 적극 수용하여 시가의 표현형식을 풍부히 하는데 힘을 기울였지만 그것을 창작 이념으로 추구하지 않고, 시가창작에서도 유미성으로 기울지 않 았다. 이는 유득공이 왕어양의 ‘신운설’이 유미성에만 치우쳐 ‘현실성’과 ‘비판성’이 떨어지는 약점을 극복할 수 있었다. 본고는 비교문학의 영향연구, 사회역사비평 등 논으로 왕어양의 <진회잡시>와 유득공의 <송경잡절>을 비교하여 왕어양의 ‘신운설’에 대한 유득공의 수용상 황을 알아보고자한다.

Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi period, Wang Yuyang’s “Theory of Romantic Charm” had great influence at that time and became the mainstream. Wang Yuyang did not give a systematic theory in his life time, but he promoted the creation of verve. He showed respect to Wangwei and Meng Haoran. He himself was also strongly advocated the creation of verve, and then han a great impact on poetry. His followers sum up his theoretical viewpoints to be “Theory of Romantic Charm”, a guidance of a group of poets at the time. Its also influenced the school of Northern Studies. Wang Yuyang’s “Theory of Romantic Charm” laid the groundwork for Yoo Daekgong to discover the aesthetic value of poem and to discover the national identity of Korean literature. Yoo Daekgong felt that poetry was read as romantic charm based on the poet’s character and the enjoyment was to be savor. He regarded the “Poetry Express Will”as the basis of composition and set out to enrich the expression of the poetry. (The nature of the character, the god to turn, play it to be interesting.) The influence of “Theory of Romantic Charm”, Yoo Daekgong’s poetry style became more ample, but he did not take “Theory of Romantic Charm” as a creative idea, and did not focus on aesthetic function. This enabled him to overcome the problems of reality and critical weakness, that Wang Yuyang’s “Theory of Romantic Charm” only focused the aesthetic function. The article will compare the “Miscellaneous Poems about QinHuai” with “Sentences of Reciting the Feelings of Seasons or Things in Songdo”, to find out the acception of the “Theory of Romantic Charm” through the methods of the study of comparative literature, methodology of social historical criticism.

52

卷宇 洪贊裕 先生의 儒敎觀 KCI 등재

임헌규

동양고전학회 동양고전연구 제65집 2016.12 pp.9-35

...yu(1915~2005)' view on Confucianism. Kwon-Woo's Writing, Kwon-Woo jip was mainly composed of two hundred pieces's Poetry. He especially empathized learning of The Book of Poetry(詩經). Confucius said, 'In The Book of Poetry(詩經) are three hundred pieces, but the aim of them all may be embraced in one paraphrase-'Having no depraved thoughts.' Kwon-Woo reincarnated Confucius's definition of Poetics. Kwon-Woo wrote "Is Confucianism is religion or not?" This Articles manifested Kwon-Woo' view on Confucianism. And Kwon-Woo wrote "Confucius's doctrine of all-pervading unity" Confucius said also, "my doctrine is that of all-pervading unity." Jeung-ja(曾子) said that Confucius's doctrine of all-pervading unity is none other than conscientiousness(忠) and altruism(恕). Kwon-Woo uphold and reestablished Jeung-ja' doctrine of conscientiousness and altruism. He reinterpretation Jeung-ja' doctrine of conscientiousness as all-pervading unity of four books(四書)

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6,600원

이 글은 평생을 국학 연구와 후진양성에 헌신한 卷宇 洪贊裕(1915~2005) 선생의 儒敎觀과 그 내면의식을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 주지하듯이 권우 선생은 평소에 詩에 대한 뛰어난 해석과 빼어난 詩作으로 정평이 나 있다. 바로 이런 까닭에 그의 문집인 󰡔권우집󰡕은 대부분(약 3/5)이 詩로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 󰡔권우집󰡕 「잡저」편을 보면, 많지 않은 글들 가운데 선생의 유교관을 분명히 드러내 주는 것이 있다. 이 논문의 본론은 우선 권우 선생의 「儒敎는 宗敎냐, 宗敎가 아니냐」하는 글을 중심으로 유교의 종교성 문제를 다루었다. 여기서 필자는 유교의 종교성에 관한 논쟁을 역사적으로 개관하면서, 이러한 논쟁의 연장선상에서 권우 선생은 어느 입장에 서 있는지를 살펴보았다. 다음으로 「吾道는 一以貫之」라는 글을 중심으로 권우 선생은 유교의 精髓를 무엇으로 규정하고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 주자하듯이 공자의 一貫之道를 曾子가 ‘忠恕’로 해석한 이래, 이에 대한 많은 논쟁이 있어왔다. 여기서도 필자는 이 논쟁에 대한 역사적인 개관을 하고, 권우 선생은 어떤 입장을 개진하였는지를 살펴보았다. 나아가 권우 선생은 이러한 一貫之道를 四書에 어떻게 확장 구현되어있다고 말했는지를 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 우리는 󰡔권우집󰡕에 면면히 흐르고 있는 선생의 내면의식(애국애족의 정신)과 「선비정신」이란 글에서 나타난 선생의 중도적 실용정신을 살펴보았다.

This Articles intend to articulate Kwon-Woo Hong Chan-yu(1915~2005)' view on Confucianism. Kwon-Woo's Writing, Kwon-Woo jip was mainly composed of two hundred pieces's Poetry. He especially empathized learning of The Book of Poetry(詩經). Confucius said, 'In The Book of Poetry(詩經) are three hundred pieces, but the aim of them all may be embraced in one paraphrase-'Having no depraved thoughts.' Kwon-Woo reincarnated Confucius's definition of Poetics. Kwon-Woo wrote "Is Confucianism is religion or not?" This Articles manifested Kwon-Woo' view on Confucianism. And Kwon-Woo wrote "Confucius's doctrine of all-pervading unity" Confucius said also, "my doctrine is that of all-pervading unity." Jeung-ja(曾子) said that Confucius's doctrine of all-pervading unity is none other than conscientiousness(忠) and altruism(恕). Kwon-Woo uphold and reestablished Jeung-ja' doctrine of conscientiousness and altruism. He reinterpretation Jeung-ja' doctrine of conscientiousness as all-pervading unity of four books(四書)

53

중국어 전치사 ‘在’, ‘于’와 한국어 조사 ‘에서’ 의미구조 대조 분석 KCI 등재

한경숙

한중인문학회 한중인문학연구 제45집 2014.12 pp.393-418

...Yu(于)’ and Korean auxiliary ‘Eseo(에서)’ the semantic structure of the comparative analysis, trying to grasp the features of its languageform, and analyzes the difference between their semantic features location. Inthis paper the preposition to the Peking University Chinese corpus of ‘Zai(在)’and ‘Yu(于)’ example analyzed composition analysis and sememe, find out thepreposition ‘Zai(在)’ and ‘Yu(于)’ semantic feature, and by further analysis ofthese semantic features, the preposition ‘Zai(在)’ and ‘Yu(于)’ the root of thedifference of the description. This paper also examples of the Korean auxiliary‘Eseo(에서)’ has carried on the analysis component analysis and sememe, andthrough the Chinese Preposition ‘Zai(在)’, ‘Yu(于)’ and Korean auxiliary ‘Eseo(에서)’ the semantic structure of the comparative analysis, find out their semanticfeatures, in order to further prompt Chinese Preposition ‘Zai(在)’, ‘Yu(于)’ teaching method provides effective basis.

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6,400원

전치사 ‘在’와 ‘于’는 현대중국어에서 가장 많이 쓰이고 있는 전형적인 전치사들이다. 본 논문에서는 성분분석법과 의미소분석법 그리고 격문법 분석법으로 중국어 전치사 ‘在’, ‘于’와한국어 조사 ‘에서’를 대조 분석하였다. 본 논문은 이들 의미구조에 대한 대조 분석을 통하여중국어 전치사 ‘在’와 ‘于’, 한국어 조사 ‘에서’의 의미자질을 고찰하였고 나아가 이들의 변별적자질도 고찰하였다. 본 논문은 중국 북경대학교 CCL말뭉치에서 ‘在’, ‘于’의 예문들을 축출하여 성분분석과 의미소분석 그리고 격문법 분석법으로 중국어 전치사 ‘在’, ‘于’의 의미자질을비교, 묘사하였고, 이들의 변별적 자질도 찾아냈다. 그리고 본 논문은 이들과 한국어 조사 ‘에서’와의 의미구조 대조분석도 하였으며 이런 대조 분석을 토대로 ‘在’, ‘于’와 ‘에서’의 대응관계를 찾아보았고 한국 학생들의 오류를 줄일 수 있는 중국어 전치사 ‘在’, ‘于’ 교수법을 모색하였다.

This article in the analysis, using the componential analysis, semantic structure analysis method and case grammar. This article through to the Chinese Preposition ‘Zai(在)’, ‘Yu(于)’ and Korean auxiliary ‘Eseo(에서)’ the semantic structure of the comparative analysis, trying to grasp the features of its languageform, and analyzes the difference between their semantic features location. Inthis paper the preposition to the Peking University Chinese corpus of ‘Zai(在)’and ‘Yu(于)’ example analyzed composition analysis and sememe, find out thepreposition ‘Zai(在)’ and ‘Yu(于)’ semantic feature, and by further analysis ofthese semantic features, the preposition ‘Zai(在)’ and ‘Yu(于)’ the root of thedifference of the description. This paper also examples of the Korean auxiliary‘Eseo(에서)’ has carried on the analysis component analysis and sememe, andthrough the Chinese Preposition ‘Zai(在)’, ‘Yu(于)’ and Korean auxiliary ‘Eseo(에서)’ the semantic structure of the comparative analysis, find out their semanticfeatures, in order to further prompt Chinese Preposition ‘Zai(在)’, ‘Yu(于)’ teaching method provides effective basis.

54

이선유 판소리의 현대적 조명(1) ― <춘향가> 복원 작업을 중심으로 ― KCI 등재후보

최난경

고전문학한문학연구학회 고전과 해석 제17집 2014.10 pp.205-234

...Yu Lee’s pansori, which is no longer passed down, as an antiquated narrative, assume that the pansori that is being passed down as newly made, and examine the differences between the two. Seon-Yu Lee (1873 – 1949) is from Hadong, Kyeongnam and was a master singer of Dongpyeonje who rose to the rank of national singer. He has left behind SP recordings that amount to 24 surface sides (approximately one hour and twenty minutes). Of these 24, I take four (six passages), <Chunhyangga (The Song of Chunhyang)> ‘Kwanghanrukyung (The Scenery as it was seen from Kwanghanru)’ (Ahnjutda Iloesoe, Baekbaekhonghong), ‘Tweoryoeng Sori (The Call Permitting Civil Servants to Leave Work)’, ‘Yibyeolga (Song of Farewell)’, and ‘Hongroeuibul (The Fire of the Brazier)’ (Hongroeui Moodeun Bul, Eusatto Geuphan Maeum), as the subjects of study. When one listens to Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori, one can tell that there is a great difference between his pansori and that which is being passed down in terms of the ‘structure of passages and the contents of the pansori narratives,’ ‘the jangdan (rhythmic pattern),’ ‘sigimsae (musical ornamentation),’ ‘vocalization,’ ‘seongeum (vocal sound),’ etc. However, there are not any detailed studies on his sori. This year, I am taking part in “Restoring and Reviving Seon-Yu Lee’s Kyeongsang Provnice Dongpyeonje,” funded by the Korean Traditional Performing Arts Foundation, as the chief of research. This is a great opportunity to do a detailed research on Seon-Yu Lee’s sori because it is done in alliance with a Restoration Research Team and a Reproduction Performance Team. Thus, in this paper, I examine the notion of modern pansori and the badis (a certain singer’s work) that falls into the category of modern pansori in order for a specific analysis of Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori. Moreover, after obtaining the contents of the pansori narratives and writing out the music of Seon-Yu Lee’ s pansori and of modern pansori, I compare and analyze the survey, conducted through conversation on the restoration musicians and veteran master singers participating in the “Restoring and Reviving Seon-Yu Lee’s Kyeongsang Province Dongpyeonje” project to divide each of the two into five categories of ‘structure of passages and pansori narratives,’ ‘jangdan,’ ‘sigimsae,’ ‘vocalization’ and ‘seonguem’ to compare and contrast them. As a result, there is a clear difference between Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori and modern pansori in terms of the contents of the pansori narratives, jangdan, sigimsae, vocalization, and seongeum. It was possible to confirm that Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori has the characteristics of the antiquated narratives. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that Seon-Yu Lee’s sori is academically and historically worthy of further research and of being passed on through restoration.

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7,000원

본고는 전승이 끊어진 이선유 판소리를 고제로, 현재 전승되고 있는 판소리를 신제로 간주하고 이 둘 사이의 차이점에 대해 살펴보았다. 이선유(李善有: 1873-1949)는 경남 하동 출신으로 국창의 반열까지 올랐던 동편제 명창이다. 그는 무려 24면(약 1시간 20분)에 달하는 유성기음반을 남겼는데, 이중에서 <춘향가> ‘광한루경’( 앉었다 일어서, 백백홍홍), ‘퇴령소리’, ‘이별가’, ‘홍로의 불’(홍로의 무든 불, 어사또 급한 마음)의 4면(6대목) 을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 이선유 판소리를 들어보면, 현재 전승되고 있는 판소리와 대목구성 및 사설내용, 장단 속도, 시김새, 발성, 성 음 등에서 상당한 차이가 있다. 하지만 아직까지 그의 소리에 대해 구체적으로 연구된 바는 없다. 금년에 필자 는 ‘전통공연예술진흥재단’의 지원을 받아 진행되는“이선유 경상도 동편제 판소리 복원 및 재현”의 연구책임 자로 참여하고 있다. 이 작업은 복원 연구팀과 재현 연주팀이 협업을 하고 있으므로 이선유 소리를 구체적으 로 연구할 수 있는 좋은 기회가 된다. 그래서 본고에서는 이선유 판소리를 구체적으로 살펴보기 위하여 우선 문헌 자료를 통해 현대 판소리의 개념 과 현대 판소리의 범주에 속하는 바디들을 살펴보았다. 또한 이선유 판소리와 현대 판소리의 사설내용과 음반 자료를 채보한 후 비교분석하고 “이선유 경상도 동편제 판소리 복원 및 재현 작업”에 참가하고 있는 복원연주 자들을 대담 조사하여 양자의 대목구성 및 사설내용, 장단 속도, 시김새, 발성, 성음의 다섯 항목으로 나누어 비교해보았다. 그 결과 이선유 판소리는 사설 내용, 장단 속도, 시김새, 발성, 성음 면에서 현대 판소리와 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 이선유 판소리가 고제의 특성을 지니고 있음을 확인할 수 있으며, 앞으로 이선유 소리 는 계속해서 연구되고 복원 작업을 통해 다시 맥을 이어 나갈 만한 학술적, 판소리사적 가치가 있는 소리임을 알 수 있다.

In this paper, I consider Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori, which is no longer passed down, as an antiquated narrative, assume that the pansori that is being passed down as newly made, and examine the differences between the two. Seon-Yu Lee (1873 – 1949) is from Hadong, Kyeongnam and was a master singer of Dongpyeonje who rose to the rank of national singer. He has left behind SP recordings that amount to 24 surface sides (approximately one hour and twenty minutes). Of these 24, I take four (six passages), <Chunhyangga (The Song of Chunhyang)> ‘Kwanghanrukyung (The Scenery as it was seen from Kwanghanru)’ (Ahnjutda Iloesoe, Baekbaekhonghong), ‘Tweoryoeng Sori (The Call Permitting Civil Servants to Leave Work)’, ‘Yibyeolga (Song of Farewell)’, and ‘Hongroeuibul (The Fire of the Brazier)’ (Hongroeui Moodeun Bul, Eusatto Geuphan Maeum), as the subjects of study. When one listens to Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori, one can tell that there is a great difference between his pansori and that which is being passed down in terms of the ‘structure of passages and the contents of the pansori narratives,’ ‘the jangdan (rhythmic pattern),’ ‘sigimsae (musical ornamentation),’ ‘vocalization,’ ‘seongeum (vocal sound),’ etc. However, there are not any detailed studies on his sori. This year, I am taking part in “Restoring and Reviving Seon-Yu Lee’s Kyeongsang Provnice Dongpyeonje,” funded by the Korean Traditional Performing Arts Foundation, as the chief of research. This is a great opportunity to do a detailed research on Seon-Yu Lee’s sori because it is done in alliance with a Restoration Research Team and a Reproduction Performance Team. Thus, in this paper, I examine the notion of modern pansori and the badis (a certain singer’s work) that falls into the category of modern pansori in order for a specific analysis of Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori. Moreover, after obtaining the contents of the pansori narratives and writing out the music of Seon-Yu Lee’ s pansori and of modern pansori, I compare and analyze the survey, conducted through conversation on the restoration musicians and veteran master singers participating in the “Restoring and Reviving Seon-Yu Lee’s Kyeongsang Province Dongpyeonje” project to divide each of the two into five categories of ‘structure of passages and pansori narratives,’ ‘jangdan,’ ‘sigimsae,’ ‘vocalization’ and ‘seonguem’ to compare and contrast them. As a result, there is a clear difference between Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori and modern pansori in terms of the contents of the pansori narratives, jangdan, sigimsae, vocalization, and seongeum. It was possible to confirm that Seon-Yu Lee’s pansori has the characteristics of the antiquated narratives. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that Seon-Yu Lee’s sori is academically and historically worthy of further research and of being passed on through restoration.

55

毅菴 柳麟錫의 華西心說 傳承樣相 KCI 등재

박성순

한서대학교 동양고전연구소 동방학 제27집 2013.05 pp.219-241

...Yu In-seok is a symbolic hero both in the doctrine of defending orthodoxy and rejecting heterodoxy, and the movement of righteous army. There are much studies of Yu In-seok but much tasks to be solved. It is the study of Simseol that we have to do as of now. Simseol means a theory of watching heart/mind. Through it we can exactly find out the scholastic background of Yu In-seok. For it, first of all, we have to understand the master Yi Hang-no's scholarship. Yi Hang-no put the importance on li than chi. Therefore we call his theory of heart/mind Simjuriseol(li-centric theory). Yi Hang-no devised the theory to defend Western Impact. Simjuriseol emphasized human morality than material. Yi Hang-no thought Joseon was a last moral land, the Western was beast without morality, so Joseon would win in the end. Yu In-seok started to learn Yi Hang-no's instruction in 1855. Yi Hang-no's li-centric theory became the scholastic base for the doctrine of defending orthodoxy and rejecting heterodoxy of Yu In-seok. So called Munmok, questions note of Yu In-seok in 1861~1862 shows us the contents and goal of Hwseo School.

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6,000원

위정척사사상과 의병운동의 상징적 존재인 유인석의 활동상에 대해서는 많은 연구가 진행되었지만, 그의 활동을 뒷받침해준 심설의 위상 검토에 대 한 연구는 미진한 감이 있었다. 무엇보다도 유인석의 심설이 어떤 갈래에 속하며, 어떤 특징을 지니고 있는지를 정확히 밝혀내기 위해서는, 우선 그 의 스승인 이항로의 학문적 연원을 정확히 이해하는 것이 선결과제이다. 이항로의 학통에 관해서는 여러 연구자들이 의견을 개진하였으나, 정확 한 진단은 쉽게 찾아볼 수 없었다. 그것은 화서학파가 자임하는 학통과 그들이 견지한 심설이 통념적 견지에서 서로 어울리지 않는 모습을 노정 했기 때문이다. 그러나 필자는 본고에서 19세기 심설 논쟁의 전단계인 17·8세기의 호락논쟁의 맥락 속에서 살펴보았을 때, 이항로의 학설은 호 론보다는 낙론의 입장에 더 가까운 것임을 논증하였다. 낙론의 특징은 심성에 대한 기의 제약성보다는 리의 보편성과 우월성 을 중시한 것이다. 물욕을 조장하는 器的측면을 앞세운 서양세력의 접근 에 맞서, 기질지성을 용인하는 호론을 갖고서는 도도한 서학의 침투를 막아내기에 역부족이라고 느낀 것이다. 서양 세력이 객관적인 힘의 우위 에 서 있는 만큼, 조선이 서양보다 우위에 설 수 있는 방법은 조선이 리라 고 하는 자긍심을 유지하는 길뿐이었다. 따라서 리라는 것은 기질지성에 의해서 쉽게 변화될 수 있는 그런 것이 아니라, 遍在性과 主宰性을 갖춘 것이라는 점을 밝힐 필요가 있었다. 그것은 서양 물건을 趨附하는 어리석 은 백성들을 교화하고, 조선이 서양보다 도덕적 우위에 설 수 있는 유일 하고도 결정적인 수단이라고 생각했던 것이다. 이와 같은 주리적 심설은 유인석이 위정척사운동에 매진하게 되는 사 상적 근거가 되었다. 1861, 2년 사이에 유인석이 이항로에게 여러 가지를 질의한 「問目」을 통해서, 화서학파의 사상사적 갈래와 그들의 지향을 정 확히 알 수 있다.

Yu In-seok is a symbolic hero both in the doctrine of defending orthodoxy and rejecting heterodoxy, and the movement of righteous army. There are much studies of Yu In-seok but much tasks to be solved. It is the study of Simseol that we have to do as of now. Simseol means a theory of watching heart/mind. Through it we can exactly find out the scholastic background of Yu In-seok. For it, first of all, we have to understand the master Yi Hang-no's scholarship. Yi Hang-no put the importance on li than chi. Therefore we call his theory of heart/mind Simjuriseol(li-centric theory). Yi Hang-no devised the theory to defend Western Impact. Simjuriseol emphasized human morality than material. Yi Hang-no thought Joseon was a last moral land, the Western was beast without morality, so Joseon would win in the end. Yu In-seok started to learn Yi Hang-no's instruction in 1855. Yi Hang-no's li-centric theory became the scholastic base for the doctrine of defending orthodoxy and rejecting heterodoxy of Yu In-seok. So called Munmok, questions note of Yu In-seok in 1861~1862 shows us the contents and goal of Hwseo School.

56

〈宇宙問答〉과 柳麟錫의 文明意識 KCI 등재후보

함영대

한림대학교 태동고전연구소 태동고전연구 제27집 2011.12 pp.103-130

...Yu In Seok’s perpetual theory focusing on the consciousness of civilization. According to the result of examination, 󰡔Ujumundap󰡕 is not the meditation on ‘the existing world’ and prospect to the future but rather the deep ideal and longing for ‘the must-be-world’. 『Ujumundap』 was written in 1913 when both premodern and modern ages existed in Joseon, but it profoundly deals with Confucian Sanggojuui (尙古主義). This is the result of foundational historic consciousness held fast by Yu In Seok and prospect to the future. Virtual questions consisting of the axis of 『Ujumundap』 reflect concrete realistic consciousness. In contrast to it, the answers pursue the general ideal world. 『Ujumundap』’s consciousness of civilization could not be a future-oriented thing initiating changes based on reasonable analysis on those times’ reality but returned to the ideal of Confucian scriptures. This could not build measures in realistic aspects with Yu In Seok’s flexible responses to changes of that time, but he believed sound establishment and practice for ideology and order he thinks to be his best value is an even more valuable life of a Confucian scholar. He tried to reestablish civilization based on neutralization and practice ‘Tao (道)’, the Confucian ideal. What are noticeable in 『Ujumundap』’s consciousness of civilization include a sense of sovereignty to civilization and the establishment of world civilization by peaceful methods, sharp critical consciousness on the harmful effects of capitalism transmitted by imperialism, and harmonious pursuit of Oriental and Western civilization. Yu In Seok surely wanted to learn the West’s advanced civilization actively compared with previous figures of Hwaseo School (華西學派). However, he could not escape from Bonmal theory (本末論的)’s view of civilization after all. Among them, particularly stable parts are Hwa-eui theory (華夷論) and the view of the status system, and consciousness of sexual discrimination. Could Yu In Seok’s consciousness of civilization penetrate periodic significance (時宜) rationally and realistically? Regretfully, in Yu In Seok’s mind, thorough Confucian Sanggojuui, a sense of feudal public order, and Hwa-eui theory’s world consciousness were still firmly fixed as undeniable truth.

이 글은 유인석의 만년사상이 집약되어 있는 〈우주문답〉을 문명의식을 중심으로 검토한 것이다. 검토결과 〈우주문답〉은 ‘있는 세계’에 대한 성찰과 미래에 대한 전망이라기보다는 ‘있어야 하는 세계’에 대한 이상과 동경이 짙게 드리워진 것으로 파악된다. 〈우주문답〉은 조선에서 전근대와 근대가 교차하는 1913년에 저술되었음에도 불구하고 유교적 상고주의가 짙게 배여있다. 이는 유인석이 견지한 기본적인 역사인식과 미래에 대한 전망의 결과이다. 〈우주문답〉의 한 축을 이루고 있는 가상의 질문들은 구체적 현실인식을 반영하고 있다. 그에 반하여 그 답변은 보편적인 이상세계를 지향하고 있다. 〈우주문답〉의 문명의식은 당대 현실에 대한 냉철한 분석을 바탕으로 변화를 주도하는 미래지향적인 것이 되지 못하고 유교 경전의 이상으로 회귀한 것이다. 이것은 유인석이 시대의 변화에 유연하게 대응하여 현실적인 국면에서 그 대응책을 마련하기 보다는 자신이 최상의 가치라고 믿는 이념과 질서에 대한 온전한 구축과 실천을 더욱 가치있는 유자의 삶이라고 믿었기 때문이다. 그는 중화를 중심으로 문명을 재구축하고 유교적 이상인 ‘도’를 실천하려 했다. 문명에 대한 주체의식과 평화적인 방법에 의한 세계문명의 건설, 제국주의가 전파한 자본주의 폐해에 대한 날카로운 비판의식, 동서양 문명의 조화로운 추구 등은 〈우주문답〉의 문명의식 가운데 주목할 만한 것이다. 분명 유인석은 이전의 화서학파의 인물들에 비해 적극적으로 서양의 발전된 문명을 배우려고 했다. 그러나 결론적으로 본말론적 문명관을 벗어나지 못했다. 화이관과 신분관, 남녀차별에 대한 의식은 그 가운데서도 특히 강고한 것이다. 유인석의 문명의식은 과연 시의(時宜)를 냉정하고 현실적으로 꿰뚫어 본 것인가? 아쉽게도 유인석의 뇌리 속에는 철저한 유교적 상고주의, 봉건적인 질서의식과 화이관적 세계인식이 여전히 부정할 수 없는 진리로 굳건히 자리잡고 있었다.

This article examines 『Ujumundap』 densely containing the idea of Yu In Seok’s perpetual theory focusing on the consciousness of civilization. According to the result of examination, 󰡔Ujumundap󰡕 is not the meditation on ‘the existing world’ and prospect to the future but rather the deep ideal and longing for ‘the must-be-world’. 『Ujumundap』 was written in 1913 when both premodern and modern ages existed in Joseon, but it profoundly deals with Confucian Sanggojuui (尙古主義). This is the result of foundational historic consciousness held fast by Yu In Seok and prospect to the future. Virtual questions consisting of the axis of 『Ujumundap』 reflect concrete realistic consciousness. In contrast to it, the answers pursue the general ideal world. 『Ujumundap』’s consciousness of civilization could not be a future-oriented thing initiating changes based on reasonable analysis on those times’ reality but returned to the ideal of Confucian scriptures. This could not build measures in realistic aspects with Yu In Seok’s flexible responses to changes of that time, but he believed sound establishment and practice for ideology and order he thinks to be his best value is an even more valuable life of a Confucian scholar. He tried to reestablish civilization based on neutralization and practice ‘Tao (道)’, the Confucian ideal. What are noticeable in 『Ujumundap』’s consciousness of civilization include a sense of sovereignty to civilization and the establishment of world civilization by peaceful methods, sharp critical consciousness on the harmful effects of capitalism transmitted by imperialism, and harmonious pursuit of Oriental and Western civilization. Yu In Seok surely wanted to learn the West’s advanced civilization actively compared with previous figures of Hwaseo School (華西學派). However, he could not escape from Bonmal theory (本末論的)’s view of civilization after all. Among them, particularly stable parts are Hwa-eui theory (華夷論) and the view of the status system, and consciousness of sexual discrimination. Could Yu In Seok’s consciousness of civilization penetrate periodic significance (時宜) rationally and realistically? Regretfully, in Yu In Seok’s mind, thorough Confucian Sanggojuui, a sense of feudal public order, and Hwa-eui theory’s world consciousness were still firmly fixed as undeniable truth.

57

한유의 성삼품설 연구 KCI 등재

이원석

대동철학회 대동철학 제53집 2010.12 pp.71-88

...Yu, founder of Gu-wen movements in Tang dynasty, formulated a theory of the three grades of human nature for overcoming Li Ao's, which said that, human nature being morally good, feelings are morally bad. According to Li Ao, human nature is good in that it originally tranquil and has a capacity of rightly perceiving, but feelings are bad in that they hinder the ability of human nature. Li Ao's theory has two problems. First, it cannot explain why bad feelings could be generated from good human nature. Second, the elimination of feelings for preserving human nature can let people be passive in practicing in everyday life. Han Yu said that there are three grades of human nature, of which the upper grade is good, the intermediate grade can be good or bad, the lower grade is bad. According to him, all people are born with one of them. Besides, there are also upper, intermediate, and lower grade feelings, and they pair each of human natures. So lower-grade's bad feelings is said to be generated from lower-grade's bad human nature. In this way, Han Yu could overcome a problem of Li Ao's theory, that is why bad feelings can be produced from good human nature. In practical issues, He said that an intermediate human nature can be escalated into upper grade's by active practice. In this way, he could overcome the Li Ao's passivee attitude toward social duties. But Han Yu, on one hand, said that people are born with one of three grades of human nature, on the other hand, said that purely good human nature does ideally exist. So his human nature theory also has a theoretical weakness.

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5,200원

당대 고문 운동의 창도자 한유(韓愈)가 정립한 성삼품설은, 고문 운동 선구자들의 인성론을 계승한 이고(李翶)의 성선정악설을 극복하기 위해 제시된 것이었다. 성선정악설이란, 인간 본성은 고요하되 지각 능력을 지녔다는 점에서 선한 반면, 감정은 그런 본성의 능력 발휘를 방해한다는 점에서 악하다고 하는 인성론이다. 성선정악설은 이론적 문제점과 실천적 문제점을 갖고 있었다. 우선, 그것은 어째서 악한 감정이 선한 본성으로부터 생겨날 수 있는지에 대해 적절한 설명을 하고 있지 못하다. 그 다음, 성선정악설은 감정 소멸을 통한 본성의 보전을 수양의 목표로 삼는데, 감정 제거는 인간으로 하여금 출세간적 지향을 갖도록 할 수 있었다. 한유는 사람이 태어나면서부터 상․중․하의 세 가지 품급 중 하나의 본성을 타고 난다고 하며, 감정 역시 세 가지 품급으로 나뉘어 각 품급의 본성에 대응한다고 말한다. 그래서 악한 하품의 감정은 역시 악한 하품의 본성으로부터 생겨난다고 한다. 이로 인해, 악한 감정이 선한 본성으로부터 생겨난다는 이고 인성론의 문제점을 해결할 수 있게 된다. 또한 한유는 중품의 본성은 인간의 후천적 행위 여하에 따라 상품의 선한 본성이나 하품의 악한 본성이 될 수 있다고 말하는데, 이처럼 인간의 적극적 실천을 강조함으로써 성선정악설의 출세간적 지향을 극복할 수 있게 되었다. 그렇지만 한유는 한편에서는 사람들이 세 가지 품급 중 하나의 본성을 타고 난다고 말하면서, 다른 한편에서는 오상(五常)의 선한 본성이 이념적으로 존재한다는 입장을 갖고 있었기 때문에, 이론 상 일관되지 못한 모습을 보여 주었다.

Han Yu, founder of Gu-wen movements in Tang dynasty, formulated a theory of the three grades of human nature for overcoming Li Ao's, which said that, human nature being morally good, feelings are morally bad. According to Li Ao, human nature is good in that it originally tranquil and has a capacity of rightly perceiving, but feelings are bad in that they hinder the ability of human nature. Li Ao's theory has two problems. First, it cannot explain why bad feelings could be generated from good human nature. Second, the elimination of feelings for preserving human nature can let people be passive in practicing in everyday life. Han Yu said that there are three grades of human nature, of which the upper grade is good, the intermediate grade can be good or bad, the lower grade is bad. According to him, all people are born with one of them. Besides, there are also upper, intermediate, and lower grade feelings, and they pair each of human natures. So lower-grade's bad feelings is said to be generated from lower-grade's bad human nature. In this way, Han Yu could overcome a problem of Li Ao's theory, that is why bad feelings can be produced from good human nature. In practical issues, He said that an intermediate human nature can be escalated into upper grade's by active practice. In this way, he could overcome the Li Ao's passivee attitude toward social duties. But Han Yu, on one hand, said that people are born with one of three grades of human nature, on the other hand, said that purely good human nature does ideally exist. So his human nature theory also has a theoretical weakness.

58

張維의 贈序類 散文 硏究

변구일

고전문학한문학연구학회 고전과 해석 제4집 2008.04 pp.102-130

...Yu(1587~1638) is one of the four famous prose-writers who lived from the late 16th century to the early 17th century. Therefore from 17th century on, there were many writers or critics who are interested in him. He wrote 17 farewell prose, and 15 of them are mentioned by Kim Chang-heup(金昌翕) and Ahn Seok-gyeong(安錫儆) or selected in the several literary works. So it can be said that his farewell writings were recognized to be excellent ones in the late Chosun (朝鮮) dynasty.This study is focused on Jang Yu's farewell prose in the aspect of what and how to write. He wrote them so as to give to diplomats or local governors. Basically they have good-bye messages that hope them to be cheerd up or to make a success or to make a good person in the sense of philosophy of Yugyo(儒敎). Especially He said to diplomats that they should experience the greatest world of China so as to get an understanding of the real world and the meaning of life. And He said to local governors that they should rule over local people by following with good mind and right way. So they are likely to be plain and lack of rhetoric concern in the eyes of the present. He is different from Choe Lip(崔岦) who made unique imagination and took controversial methods on writing. He is also different from Yoo Mong-in(柳夢寅) who were accustomed to irony and allegory. Moreover He is different from Seo Geo-jeong(徐居正) and Seong Hyeon(成俔) who were consistently praising others with little rhetoric concern. Consequently he is especially concerned with clarification of righteousness. Therfore he is between the two extremes above in the literary history of farewell prose.

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6,900원

장유(1587~1638)는 한문 사대가의 한 사람으로 당대뿐만 아니라 후대의 여러 문인들에게 산문 작가로서 많이 언급된다. 본고가 주목한 그의 증서류 산문은 모두 17편인데 그의 산문 전체를 놓고 볼 때 적은 분량이지만 대부분인 15편이 조선 후기에 편찬된 여러 選集들에 수록되거나 김창흡과 안석경의 비평의 대상이 되고 있어 후대 문인들에게 주목을 받고 있음을 알 수 있다. 수학기(1587~1612)-은거기(1612~1623)-사환기(1623~1638)로 나눌 수 있는 그의 일생에서 그의 증서류 작품들은 대체로 은거기와 사환기에 작성되었다. 주로 외국에 사신으로 나가는 이와 지방관으로 떠나가는 이에게 주는 글이 창작되고 있다. 또한 승려에게 주는 증서문이 없다는 것이 특이하며 증여받는 대상들이 대체적으로 서인계 인물이거나 폐모론에 반대했던 반대북파 인사들임을 알 수 있다.내용적 특징은 비교적 긴 편폭의 의론을 통해서 유가적 인생 이상에 입각한 권면과 기원의 말로서 떠나가는 이들을 위로하고 있다. 장유는 이익을 쫓지 말고 치자로서의 책임을 다할 것을 권면하고 당면 현안에 대한 해법을 제시한다. 그리고 遠遊를 통해 내면을 확충하고 대국에 가서 위축되지 말고 存心하며 義에 입각하여 사신 임무를 무사히 완수할 것을 권면한다. 이러한 특징은 16세기 후반 17세기 전반에 활동했던 최립이 보여주는 기발하고 논쟁적인 의론의 창출, 유몽인이 보여주는 논리의 특이성과 형식의 파격 및 반어(反語)와 우의(寓意)적 수사와 비교해 볼 때 다분히 진부하고 상투적인 내용 구성으로 느껴지기도 한다. 하지만 그의 증서류 산문은 서거정이나 성현처럼 심각한 의론 없이 칭송과 기원으로 일관하는 데서 멈추지 않고 의리를 천명하여 엄격하고 정대한 의론의 전범을 보여주고 있다. 바로 이 점이 그의 증서류 산문이 갖는 위치이자 의의라고 할 수 있겠다.

Jang Yu(1587~1638) is one of the four famous prose-writers who lived from the late 16th century to the early 17th century. Therefore from 17th century on, there were many writers or critics who are interested in him. He wrote 17 farewell prose, and 15 of them are mentioned by Kim Chang-heup(金昌翕) and Ahn Seok-gyeong(安錫儆) or selected in the several literary works. So it can be said that his farewell writings were recognized to be excellent ones in the late Chosun (朝鮮) dynasty.This study is focused on Jang Yu's farewell prose in the aspect of what and how to write. He wrote them so as to give to diplomats or local governors. Basically they have good-bye messages that hope them to be cheerd up or to make a success or to make a good person in the sense of philosophy of Yugyo(儒敎). Especially He said to diplomats that they should experience the greatest world of China so as to get an understanding of the real world and the meaning of life. And He said to local governors that they should rule over local people by following with good mind and right way. So they are likely to be plain and lack of rhetoric concern in the eyes of the present. He is different from Choe Lip(崔岦) who made unique imagination and took controversial methods on writing. He is also different from Yoo Mong-in(柳夢寅) who were accustomed to irony and allegory. Moreover He is different from Seo Geo-jeong(徐居正) and Seong Hyeon(成俔) who were consistently praising others with little rhetoric concern. Consequently he is especially concerned with clarification of righteousness. Therfore he is between the two extremes above in the literary history of farewell prose.

59

유미리 『8월의 저편(8月の果て)』에 나타난 굿의 의미 KCI 등재

박진현

한양대학교 일본학국제비교연구소 비교일본학 제64집 2025.09 pp.363-379

...Yu Miri's novel The End of August with a particular focus on the recurring motif of ‘gut’ (Korean shamanic rituals performed to solve problems between humans and spirits.). The novel interweaves the author's autobiographical memory with Korea's modern history, including Japanese colonial rule and the ideological conflicts surrounding the division of the Korean Peninsula. Among Yu Miri's works, this is the only novel that explicitly foregrounds the identity and historical consciousness of a ‘Zainichi Korean’ (Koreans who live in Japan). In this text, ‘gut’ operates not as a mere religious act but as a narrative device that restores the suppressed memories of the dead and connects them with the living. It dismantles the silenced stories of those who died unjustly under colonial oppression and reconfigures them within a broader collective memory. By analyzing the narrative function of ‘gut’ , this study sheds light on the literary significance of The End of August as a turning point in Yu Miri's oeuvre and reveals the background of her transition, towards literature that reconstructs collective memory and embodies a form of national writing.

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5,100원

본 논문은 유미리의 장편소설 『8월의 저편』에 반복적으로 등장하는 굿 장면을 중심으로 소설을 분석한다. 『8월의 저편』은 작가의 자전적 기억과 일제강점기 식민지배와 한반도 이데 올로기 갈등과 같은 근현대사를 연결한다. 유미리 문학 가운데 유일하게 재일조선인의 정체 성과 민족의식을 전면에 서사화한 소설이다. 굿은 유미리 문학이 개인적 서사를 넘어 역사 속에서 억압된 집단적 기억을 복원하려는 문학적 시도로 나아가게 한다. 산 자와 죽은 자를 연결하고 일제강점기 억울하게 사망한 인물들의 서사를 해체하는 장치로 위치한다. 이에 소 설에 나타난 굿의 의미를 분석하는 것으로 유미리 문학의 전환점인 『8월의 저편』의 문학사적 의의를 조명하고 나아가 유미리가 민족적 글쓰기를 재현한 배경을 밝힐 수 있다. 『8월의 저편』에서 굿은 서두와 결말에 위치하며 역사의 공백을 문학적 상상력으로 채우는 장치로서 소설의 전체 서사를 관통하고 있다. 특히 1장과 29장에 나타난 굿은 죽은 자와 산 자를 연결하는 매개로 등장하는데, 이는 나아가 현실에서 해소되지 못한 억압된 감정과 트라 우마를 풀어내고 현재까지 이어지는 비극의 반복을 끊어내는 장치로 기능한다. 굿은 일제강 점기 식민지배의 기억을 복원하고, 억압되어 기억되지 못한 역사를 구원하는 장치로 기능하 는 것으로 윤리적・정치적 의미를 함의하고 있다.

This paper analyzes Yu Miri's novel The End of August with a particular focus on the recurring motif of ‘gut’ (Korean shamanic rituals performed to solve problems between humans and spirits.). The novel interweaves the author's autobiographical memory with Korea's modern history, including Japanese colonial rule and the ideological conflicts surrounding the division of the Korean Peninsula. Among Yu Miri's works, this is the only novel that explicitly foregrounds the identity and historical consciousness of a ‘Zainichi Korean’ (Koreans who live in Japan). In this text, ‘gut’ operates not as a mere religious act but as a narrative device that restores the suppressed memories of the dead and connects them with the living. It dismantles the silenced stories of those who died unjustly under colonial oppression and reconfigures them within a broader collective memory. By analyzing the narrative function of ‘gut’ , this study sheds light on the literary significance of The End of August as a turning point in Yu Miri's oeuvre and reveals the background of her transition, towards literature that reconstructs collective memory and embodies a form of national writing.

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남명학의 형성에 미친 三足堂 金大有의 영향 KCI 등재

김경수

우계문화재단 우계학보 제47호 2024.12 pp.55-88

...yung as the only noble scholar in the southern region. However, this evaluation does not mean to praise Nam-myeong, but rather to criticize him as a scholar who does not go to a post and keeps only his tenacity. Prior to that, some scholars like this had a unique academic tradition in the middle and lower reaches of the Nakdong River, because they all passed away and only Nammyung was alive. Nammyung had not originally lived here.He has been heavily influenced by them since the age of 30, studying in this province where his wife's home resides.Among them, Kim Dae-yu was a representative figure. Nammyung and Samjokdang were friends even though there was a 21-year age gap. Nammyung praised Samjokdang as ‘the best scholar in the world’, ‘a person without a single fault’, and ‘a hero who can cover the world’. And he regretted that he was ‘a person who could help ideal politics’ but ‘a person who could not meet the times and a king who recognized him’. However, he was evaluated as a person with excellent insight, who did not resent other people, looked for signs, gave up his post, and lived a leisurely life. In this respect, Nam Myung was deeply influenced by him and came to establish his own ideology. We can see that Nammyung's evaluation of the Three Jokdang in the stele and Daegok's evaluation of Nammyung in the inscription are almost identical.

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7,600원

1561년에 퇴계는 남명을 남쪽지방에서 유일한 고상한 선비라고 평가하였다. 그러나 이러한 평가는 남명을 칭찬하는 뜻이 아니라 벼슬에 나가지 않고 재야에서 자신의 지조만 지키는 선비라고 비판하는 말이다. 그 이전에 낙동강 중하류 연안에는 몇몇의 이와 같은 선비들이 독특한 학풍을 형성하고 있었는데, 모두 세상을 떠나고 오직 남명만 살아 있었기 때문이다. 남명은 원래 이곳이 삶의 터전이 아니었지만 30세 이후 처가가 있는 이곳에서 강학을 하면서 그들로부터 많은 영향을 받았다. 그 중 대표적인 인물이 바로 삼족당(三足堂) 김대유(金大有)였다. 남명과 삼족당은 21년의 나이 차이가 있었지만 벗으로 지냈다. 남명은 삼족당을 ‘세상에서 가장 훌륭한 선비’, ‘하나의 허물도 없는 인물’, ‘세상을 뒤덮을만한 영웅’이라고 칭찬하였다. 그리고 그를 ‘왕도정치를 도울 수 있는 인재’이지만 ‘시대와 그를 알아주는 임금을 만나지 못한 사람’이라고 안타까워하였다. 그렇지만 삼족당은 세상을 원망하지 않고 기미를 살펴서 벼슬을 포기하고 유유자적하면서 살아간 식견이 탁월한 인물이라고 평가하였다. 바로 이러한 면에서 남명은 깊은 영향을 받았고, 이로부터 그 자신의 사상을 정립하게 되었던 것이다. 남명이 삼족당의 묘갈에서 그를 평가한 내용은 나중에 남명이 죽은 후에 대곡 성운이 남명의 묘갈에서 남명을 평가한 내용과 거의 일치하고 있음을 볼 수 있다.

In 1561, Toegye evaluated Nammyung as the only noble scholar in the southern region. However, this evaluation does not mean to praise Nam-myeong, but rather to criticize him as a scholar who does not go to a post and keeps only his tenacity. Prior to that, some scholars like this had a unique academic tradition in the middle and lower reaches of the Nakdong River, because they all passed away and only Nammyung was alive. Nammyung had not originally lived here.He has been heavily influenced by them since the age of 30, studying in this province where his wife's home resides.Among them, Kim Dae-yu was a representative figure. Nammyung and Samjokdang were friends even though there was a 21-year age gap. Nammyung praised Samjokdang as ‘the best scholar in the world’, ‘a person without a single fault’, and ‘a hero who can cover the world’. And he regretted that he was ‘a person who could help ideal politics’ but ‘a person who could not meet the times and a king who recognized him’. However, he was evaluated as a person with excellent insight, who did not resent other people, looked for signs, gave up his post, and lived a leisurely life. In this respect, Nam Myung was deeply influenced by him and came to establish his own ideology. We can see that Nammyung's evaluation of the Three Jokdang in the stele and Daegok's evaluation of Nammyung in the inscription are almost identical.

 
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