Earticle

This study explores the level of service effectiveness perceived by the service users of early intervention services for the children with ADHD in Daegu. Also, this study tries to find the key factors influencing the level of service effectiveness. Based on other studies on the service effectiveness, this study categorizes the related factors into four groups: child factors, family factors, service use factors, and service quality factors. The study sample was drawn from the service users living in Daegu, based on the lists of almost all the service organizations providing this service. Data were gathered through the questionnaire disseminated to 363 service users, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses. The study findings show that the level of service effectiveness perceived by service users is relatively high. The most important factors influencing on the level of service effectiveness are the level of service quality. The level of service quality is positively associated with that of the effectiveness perceived by service users. Among the different dimensions of service qualities, the quality of assurance and responsibility are the most powerful factors predicting the level of service effectiveness. Also the variables indicating whether or not service users are welfare recipients, the amount of money users pay, the types of service organization users utilize are significantly influencing on the level of the service effectiveness.

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate effectiveness of home healthcare services (HHCS) specialized for elders who received spinal surgeries. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre-post test quasi-experimental study was performed. HHCS was developed based on the Rice model of dynamic self-determination for self-care. For data collection, a control group (n=23) and an experimental group (n=23) were selected by matching age, BMI, pain, general characteristics and type of spine surgery. Measurement tools to evaluate uncertainty and knowledge were developed by the authors. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) were used to evaluate pain levels. Muscular strength in the legs was measured using a digital muscle tester and tape ruler. Questionnaires were used to evaluate disability in performing ADL and psychological distress levels. Results: The experimental group showed significant decrease in uncertainty (p=.028), increased knowledge (p=.038), and partially decreased pain (p=.003-.331). Partial muscle strength increased significantly (p=.021-.644). Disability in performing ADL and psychological distress in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to control group (p=.002, p=.004). Conclusion: Results indicate HHCS is an efficient home care nursing program for these elders. Further experimental studies with larger samples are required to confirm effects of HHCS.

본 연구는 특급호텔의 종사원의 조직적 시민행동과 역할외적 서비스가 고객이 느끼는 서비스품질과 고객만족에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 분석하여 특급호텔 호텔경영자와 중견 간부들에게 새로운 대 고객서비스를 개발하는데 중요한 역할과 활용을 제시한다. 본 연구 구체적 결과는 고객과 접촉하는 종사원의 조직적 시민행동과 역할외적인 서비스가 고객 에게 믿음과 신뢰에 지대한 영향을 미치고 있다는 유의한 의미를 발견하였다. 제시된 가설에 유의미한 긍정적인 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 호텔이 대 고객서비스의 고객관계 형성에 종업원의 역할을 이해하는데 기대하며 올바른 서비스 활동을 지원하는데 긍정적인 효과를 가져 오기를 기대한다.

The purpose of this is to understand critical roles of contact employees' organization citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in customers' evaluation of service quality. This paper examines the relationship of employees' OCBs with job satisfaction, trust in manager, and customer's perceived service quality in deluxe hotel. The empirical results show that contact employee' job satisfaction and trust in manager are significantly related to OCB and that their active engagement in OCB has a positive relationship with the perception of service quality. Although there exists a significant common method factor possibly influencing the strength of the relationship, this factor did not affect the overall pattern of significant relationship. Another notable finding indicates that, unlike a global OCB measure, path estimates in the relationship of job satisfaction and trust to OCB variable are not similar and suggests that the multiple facets of OCBs provide more detailed information than a global OCB.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the leading projects for Community-based Integrated Care for the Elderly (CICE) in terms of network governance. This study applied the effectiveness criteria of network governance suggested by Provan & Milward (2001). This study presented the necessary conditions for more autonomous project management through case analysis. The findings showed that at the community level, to secure the legitimacy and recognition of the public for the CICE project is required. Evaluation and monitoring to confirm the performance of the project is demanding. At the network level, it suggests to strengthen the linkage between actors while minimizing project overlapping among network. Moreover, it requires more clear role definition for private participants and more active participation. Lastly, at the level of organization/participation, it should secure the necessary financial and human resources in the final execution stage, and design a project that considers the needs of the beneficiary.

본 연구는 AI 챗봇의 자율성 인식 수준에 따라 서비스유형과 챗봇 의인화가 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향이 어떻게 달라지는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 지각된 유능감에 주목하여, 서비스유형과 챗봇 의인화의 상호작용 효과가 자율성 인식 수준에 따라 달라지는지와 이러한 효과가 서비스 만족도로 이어지는 과정을 검증하였다. 이를 위해 2(서비스유형: 서비스 제공 vs. 서비스 실패) × 2(챗봇 의인화: 의인화 vs. 비의인화) × 2(자율성 인식: 고 vs. 저)의 집단 간 실험을 실시하였으며, 미국 성인 308명의 응답을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 챗봇에 대한 자율성 인식이 높을수록 지각된 유능감이 높게 나타났다. 또한 자율성 인식이 낮은 경우, 서비스 제공 상황에서는 의인화된 챗봇의 유능감이 높게 평가된 반면, 서비스 실패 상황에서는 낮게 평가되었으며, 자율성 인식이 높은 경우에는 이러한 차이가 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 서비스 만족도에서도 서비스유형, 의인화 및 자율성 인식의 삼원상호작용 효과가 나타났으며, 지각된 유능감은 서비스 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 조절된 조절매개효과 분석 결과, 챗봇 의인화가 지각된 유능감을 통해 서비스 만족도에 미치는 조건부 간접효과는 서비스유형과 자율성 인식 수준에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 챗봇 의인화의 효과가 서비스 맥락과 소비자가 지각하는 챗봇의 자율성에 따라 달라질 수 있으며, 자율성 인식이 의인화 효과의 중요한 경계조건으로 작용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study examines how the effects of service type and chatbot anthropomorphism on consumer responses vary depending on the level of perceived autonomy of AI chatbots. Focusing on perceived competence, this study investigates whether the interaction effect between service type and chatbot anthropomorphism varies according to perceived autonomy and how these effects translate into service satisfaction. A 2 (service type: service provision vs. service failure) × 2 (chatbot anthropomorphism: anthropomorphic vs. non-anthropomorphic) × 2 (perceived autonomy: high vs. low) between-subjects experiment was conducted, and responses from 308 U.S. adults were analyzed. The results showed that higher perceived autonomy was associated with greater perceived competence. When perceived autonomy was low, anthropomorphic chatbots were perceived as more competent in the service provision condition but less competent in the service failure condition. In contrast, these differences were not significant when perceived autonomy was high. A significant three-way interaction among service type, chatbot anthropomorphism, and perceived autonomy was also found for service satisfaction, and perceived competence had a significant positive effect on service satisfaction. Furthermore, the moderated moderated mediation analysis showed that the conditional indirect effect of chatbot anthropomorphism on service satisfaction through perceived competence varied depending on service type and perceived autonomy. These findings suggest that the effects of chatbot anthropomorphism may vary depending on the service context and consumers’ perceptions of chatbot autonomy, highlighting perceived autonomy as an important boundary condition of anthropomorphism effects.

예배와 관련된 환경 중에서 조화와 생화를 성전에 사용했을 때 조화나 생화에 대한 인식이 예배효과와 어떻게 얼마나 관련이 있는지 파악하는 것을 문제로 제기한다. 본 연구의 목적은 성전에서 사용되고 있는 꽃작품에 있어서 조화와 생화에 대한 인식을 점검하고 성도들에게 미치는 예배효과와 관련이 있는지 그 차이점을 검증하는 데 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 대한예수교장로회 통합측에 속한 교회로 서울에서 두 교회씩 강남과 강북으로 나누어 지역별로 구분하였고 조화와 생화를 사용하는 대형 교회 네 교회를 목적표출하여, 조화 사용 비중이 큰 대형 교회 두 교회를 그룹1로 하고, 생화사용 비중이 큰 대형 교회 두 교회를 그룹2로하여, 신자들에게는 질문지를, 관리자에게는 면접을 통하여 조사하였다. 교회 내 꽃장식의 필요성은 생화를 사용하는 그룹2에서 약간 높게 나타났고, 빠른 주기로 꽃장식의 변경을 원하고 있었으며 Х²검증 결과도 두 그룹간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 꽃장식을 원하는 우선순위는 강단이 대부분이고 관심도도 그룹2가 높은 것으로 나타났고, t-검증 결과 의견의 차이가 나타났으며 그룹2가 생화를 사용한 결과인 것을 실증하고 있었다. 꽃장식에 대한 친근감, 절기시 말씀과의 연관성, 감동을 받거나 예배를 위한 것이라는 생각, 강단에는 생화이어야 한다는 의견이 그룹2에서 높게 나타나고 있어, 생화를 사용한 작품에서 예배효과와 관련이 있다는 생각이 확고한 것으로 검증되었다. 교회 꽃장식의 관지라 면접에서는 성도들이 조화인지 모르고 있고 방송에서도 구별이 안 되기 때문에 조화를 사용하는 그룹1과, 기도하며 은혜받고 생화를 통하여 하나님의 말씀을 선포하는 장(場)이 되어야 한다는 그룹2의 생각은 대조를 이루고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

In‐depth interview research and qualitative methodology were used to find changes in the experiences of family volunteer activities through the use of the Health Family Support Center. Ultimately, 143 items as sub‐concepts, 42 items as sub‐categories, and 10 items as subjects were found. I will also suggest alternative basic and primary data. First, using 10 subjects, the following points were evaluated in detail. I looked at what kind of changes in the volunteer activities these subjects experienced after working at the Health Family Support Center, and what the specific underlying reasons were for the changes in their family volunteer experience. These included 'community solidarity', 'family community', 'leisure and culture for the family', 'communication', 'personal relations', 'coping skills', 'growth', 'sympathy', 'positive thinking', 'future plans'. Second, families experienced a feeling of belonging as community members and the family realized the importance of their life, learned communication methods and coping skills. Third, families came to have new opportunities to grow as humans and learned a feeling of sympathy for others. Fourth, families found new paradigms to think positively about their daily life and to establish future plans. We will need more effort to empower family experiences of family volunteer activities that use the Health Family Support Center as well as supporting its staff. The following specific factors were the main mediating factors for using such a facility: family volunteer education, family volunteer service agency consulting, program planning, and managing family volunteers and other services.

본 연구는 그 동안 밝혀지지 못했던 공정성의 3가지 측면(분배공정성, 절차공정성, 상호작용공정성)중 어느 측면의 공정성이 서비스복구 전략의 효과성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는지에 대한 규명을 통해 효과적인 서비스복구 전략에 대한 이해를 확장하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 서비스복구 전략과 공정성 이론에 대한 문헌 연구를 토대로 상호작용공정성, 절차공정성, 분배공정성 순으로 서비스복구 효과에 크고 장기적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 도출하였다. 이러한 가설의 검증을 위해 3가지 공정성 정도의 차이가 나도록 고안된 서비스실패 및 복구 시나리오를 이용한 실험조사가 수행되었다. 실증분석 결과 가설에서 예상한 바와 같이 상호작용공정성, 절차공정성, 분배공정성 공정성 순으로 서비스복구 효과에 크고 장기적인 영향을 갖는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 그 동안 서비스복구 효과를 설명하는 핵심적인 근거였던 3가지의 공정성이 갖는 상대적인 효과성을 비교 설명함으로써 서비스복구 과정에 대한 이해를 확장했다는 점과 이를 토대로 보다 효과적인 서비스복구 전략의 수립을 위한 지침을 제공하고 있다는 점에서 각각 이론 및 실무적인 기여를 했다고 할 수 있다.

In this article author tried to extend the understanding on the conditions of an ideal service recovery strategy by identifying the relative effect that 3 types of justice have on the effectiveness of service recovery strategy.Based on the literature review on service recovery strategy and justice theory, the author hypothesized that interactive justice has the greatest effect on the long-term outcome variables such as customer loyalty and overall satisfaction over procedural justice and distributive justice while the order will be different in the case of short-term outcome variable such as service recovery satisfaction. To support the hypotheses the author designed an experiment which manipulated the level of each type of justice and major marketing outcome variables. The results showed, as hypothesized, that the effect of interactive justice on long-term outcome variables is stronger than procedural justice and distributive justice.This work means a substantial progress both academically and practically in that it has successfully identified the relative effect of each type of justice on the major marketing outcome variables, extending knowledge on service recovery strategy and suggesting some useful ideas to design a more effective service recovery strategy.

Employees play a very important role in hotel enterprises and this signifies that they make very high contributions to the business outcome as well. Precedent studies were conducted from a perspective that securing customers is related to job rotation, organizational effectiveness, and service quality. Based on precedent studies, this study selected employees of domestic hotel enterprises as research subject. First, it was identified that job rotation makes a partial positive effect on organizational effectiveness. Secondly, it was verified that job rotation makes a partial positive effect on a relationship between organizational effectiveness and service quality as well. According to the result of analyzing the objectives of this study, indiscreet job rotation can lead to turnover intention, and provided new implications for hotel management because it can make effect on service quality that customers would receive. Also, contributions to this study and limitation of this study were mentioned and suggested a future research direction based on the findings. s to verify a relationship between job rotation, organizational effectiveness , and service quality. To this end, this study prepared a questionnaire based on precedent studies and selected and collected questionnaire from 285 managers and employees of five-star hotels in Busan Metropolitan City from Feb 11 to Mar 31, 2019. Under the objectives of this study, an analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 Windows Program and the results are as follows.

본 연구는 사회서비스 수요의 급증과 이에 대한 정부 재정의 한계라는 현실 상황을 인식하고, 보다 안정적인 사회서비스 확대의 중요함을 제기하는 탐색적인 연구이다. 이에 본 연구는 대표적인 사회서비스인 문제행동아동 조기개입서비스를 중심으로 정책과정에서 정책효과와 연관된 인과관계를 분석하여 중점적 정책방향 제시하고자 하였다. 또한, 문제행동아동 조기개입서비스의 상대적 중요도 분석 결과를 통하여 향후 서비스 확대에 정책적 함의를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 분석결과 다음과 같은 정책제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 사회서비스 부가시장의 활성화와 각 사회서비스 별로 연계산업을 구축할 필요성이 있다. 둘째, 형식적인 인력 등의 자원확충 보다는 질적 내실을 기한 서비스 제공인력 양성과 서비스 성과의 명확한 피드백이 중요하다. 셋째, 서비스 제공인력에 따라 공급자 위주로 서비스가 결정이 아닌 대상자의 욕구에 따라 서비스가 결정되어야 할 것이다. 넷째, 사회서비스의 효과성을 파악할 수 있는 도구를 개발하는 것이 필요하다. 마지막으로, 사회서비스의 확대와 안정적인 서비스 제공을 위해서는 서비스 제공기관에 대한 전문적인 컨설팅 기관을 설립하는 것이 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this searching study is to realize the current situation on the surge in demand on social service and government financial limitation and to pose the importance of expanding more stable social service. This paper attempted to suggest the focused policy analyzing the cause-and-effect relationship involving the policy impacts on policy process focused on the early intervention service for the children with ADHD as a representative social service. In addition, the aim of this study is to propose the policy implication on expansion of service in the future through an analysis on the relative importance of the early intervention service for the children with ADHD. As results of this study, the implications is suggested as follows. First, the vitalization of added market in social service and affiliated industry by social service should be established. Second, the training of service providers for qualitative internal stability and the definite feedback of service performance-based, not for expansion of resources like perfunctory labor force, are important. Third, The service should be decided according to the recipients' desire not focused on providers depending on service providers. Fourth, it is important to develop the tools to grasp the effectiveness of social service. Lastly, for the expansion of social service and provision of stable service, it is important to establish the professional consulting institutions as a service providing organization.

The purpose of this study is to provide efficient managerial management and meaningful information to managers and HR managers who manage group meal by understanding the effect of kitchen environment on psychological burnout, organizational effectiveness and long - term food-service workers. The results are as follows; First, the relationship between work environment factors such as human, physical, rewarding factors and psychological burnout has a significant negative impact on the emotional work environment. Second, the relationship between work environment factors, organizational effectiveness, and long-term service is found to have a significant positive impact, but the correlation between psychological exhaustion and organizational effectiveness and long-term service had a significant negative impact. Third, as a result of examining the mediating effect of psychological burnout on the relationship between the working environment, organizational effectiveness and long - term cook workers, it is found that the organizational effectiveness and the working environment in the long - term cook workers had a significant positive influence and a significant negative influence on psychological burnout.

본 연구의 목적은 현직 교사를 위한 유아 동작교육 프로그램을 고안, 실시하여 교사에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 연구대상은 전라북도 J시에 위치한 어린이집에 근무하는 현직 교사 20명이다. 이들은 교육 경력이 만 2년 이상이며, 현재 만 3, 4, 5세 유아를 담임하고 있는 교사들이다. 연구 도구로는 장은주(2007)의 연구에서 사용했던 음악교육 관련 측정 도구를 동작교육에 맞게 연구자가 수정․보완하여 사용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 현직 교사를 위한 동작교육 프로그램은 동작교육에 대한 교사의 태도를 가치, 신념, 감정 등 모든 하위영역에 걸쳐 향상시켰다. 둘째, 현직 교사를 위한 동작교육 프로그램은 교사의 동작교육에 대한 전문성을 동작의 요소, 동작 교수법, 그리고 활동 속에서의 동작요소 및 활동유형에 따른 교수방법의 통합, 적용 등 모든 하위영역에 걸쳐 증진시켰다.

The purpose of the study is to analyze effectiveness of in-service education program for early childhood movement education. The program was constructed by the researchers based on Eun Ju Jang(2007). And it was corrected by pilot study. The subjects of this study is 20 two-years experienced teachers who were teaching 3-5 years olds in J City at Jeonbuk. The 2 scales made by the researchers based on Eun Ju Jang(2007)'s scales were used. As a result, first, There were positive influences on teachers' attitudes for early childhood movement education in all sub-areas(value/ faith/ feeling). Second, There were positive influences on teachers' professionalism for early childhood movement education in all sub-areas(the elements of movement/ teaching method/ integration & application of teaching methods according to elements of movement and activity type in early childhood movement activities).

이 연구의 목적은 유아 대상 소프트웨어 교육을 위한 예비교사들을 위한 교육과정을 개발하고, 프로그램의 효과성 확인 및 이후 예비 교사들의 역량 개발을 위한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 유아 대상 소프트웨어 교육과정과 유아 대상 소프트웨어 교육을 위 해서 유아교사가 갖추어야 할 교수역량에 대한 선행연구를 바탕으로 예비교사들을 위한 총 12차시 교육과정을 개발하였다. 그리고 서 울 소재 유아교육과 학생을 대상으로 교육 프로그램을 운영하고, 유아대상 소프트웨어 교수역량에 대한 인식 사전-사후 검사를 진행하 였다. 연구 결과, 교육을 이수한 예비교사들의 소프트웨어 교육을 위한 교수역량에 대한 인식이 전반적으로 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나 타났으며, 좀 더 개발되어야 할 역량은 ‘교육과정 계획’영역으로 나타났다. 이에 관련 교육 현장 및 연구를 위한 구체적인 사례를 제공 하고, 향후 예비교사 및 교사 재교육을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

This study aimed to develop an educational program for pre-service teachers of software education for early childhood, evaluate its effectiveness, and identify implications for the development of future pre-service teachers. Based on a preliminary study on teaching competency for software education in early childhood and needs of educational programs for pre-service teachers, we developed a 12-session curriculums on software education for early childhood. We then conducted the program for preschool teachers in Seoul, administrated the pre-post tests to measure their teaching competency for software education, and analyzed the results. The study showed a significant improvement in the participants' overall awareness of their teaching competency and the teaching competency area that needed more development was 'Curriculum Planning.' Concrete examples and implications for education were provided to enhance educational planning for pre-service teachers of software education. The developed program and findings can be utilized as foundational material for the improvement of pre-service and in-service teacher education.

This study tried to verify the influence how the customization affect on customer loyalty and repurchase intention, these are essential factors for the customers to evaluate service in experience to the hotel industry. Also, the practical analysis has been done by customers who had ever used hotel restaurants located in Seoul to cross-check how the customer trust affect mediating effects on the relationships between customization and customer loyalty and repurchase intention. The results of the practical analysis discovered that the customization and the customer trust make influence on customer loyalty and repurchase intention. And the Customer Trust affect mediating effects on the relationships between customization and customer loyalty, repurchase intention. The ultimate results of this study brings up the new direction in ways the training of the hotel employees and customer relationship marketing in management of the hotel restaurants.

In keeping with the 5-day workweek and a trend towards tourism for recreation and relaxation, rural tourism is developing continuously, with the number of visitors having surpassed 10 million and the sales having reached KRW 100 billion. In this context, the necessity for the training of manpower specialized in rural tourism and for education about service is arising in order to vitalize rural tourism and cope with tourists' needs. Further, it is necessary to grasp the effects of rural tourism education courses and to devise plans for their future development. Therefore, this study aims to grasp the effects of effective and useful rural tourism service education. To achieve the aim of the study, research questions were set, and a questionnaire survey was conducted with hands-on workers in a rural experience village, and 90 copies of responses were used as analysis data. The effectiveness of rural tourism service education was verified by comparing differences in attitude variables through pre-post questionnaire on rural tourism service education. As a result of analysis, it was found that the rural tourism service education was significantly effective in improving the attitudes of educatees after education compared with before education, in terms of job-esteem, job satisfaction, and customer orientation. And it was found that the variable of rural tourism service education course had significant prediction power on job-esteem, job satisfaction, and customer orientation. From this, it was possible to verify the effectiveness of rural tourism service education. It is judged that results of this study will be applicable as basic data for setting the direction of marketing strategy formulation and developing policies for rural tourism industry in the future.

본 연구의 목적은 근접경호 실패사례를 중심으로 경호무도에 대한 실효성의 재고방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구 를 위하여 다섯 가지 실패사례를 선정한 후 VTA 분석, Why-Why 분석 기법을 사용하여 경호상황에서 야기되는 실패요 인을 분석하고, 그에 따른 경호무도의 실효성을 검증하였다. 검증결과, 다음과 같은 경호무도 실효성 재고 방안을 결론으 로 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 위해정보를 정확히 파악하여 예상되는 위해조건에 대비하여야 한다(환경이해). 둘째, 경호원 은 위해자 출현 시 당황하지 않도록 훈련이 되어 있어야 한다. 셋째, 위해자 출현 시 정확하게 경고하고 곧장 방어할 수 있는 훈련이 되어야 한다. 넷째, 경호원은 어떤 경우라도 위해자와 경호대상자 사이에 위치하여야 한다. 다섯째, 위해자의 무기가 무엇인지에 따라 충분히 거리를 확보하여야 한다. 여섯째, 경호대상자가 위해자와 맞서는 일은 결코 없도록 하여야 한다. 일곱째, 대피 시 에스코트하면서도 경호대상자를 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 무도를 구상하여야 한다. 여덟째, 경호원 은 경호대상자가 대피할 때까지 시간을 벌어야 하므로 시간을 지연시킬 수 있는 무도를 개발할 필요가 있다. 아홉째, 제2의 공격을 대비하여, 대적 시 방어와 공격을 동시에 할 수 있는 무도를 익힌다. 열째, 희생정신을 발휘하되 두려움을 물리칠 수 있는 강인한 정신력을 배양하여야 한다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 경호무도는 단지 무도 자체에 목적을 둬선 안 되며, 경호상황을 염두에 두고 수련하여야 한다.

The purpose of this study is to present a reconsideration plan for the effectiveness of the security martial arts centering on failure cases of proximity security. For this study, five failure cases were selected, VTA analysis and Why-Why analysis were used to analyze the factors of failure caused in the security situation, and the effectiveness of the security martial arts was verified. As a result of the verification, it was possible to draw conclusions about the following measures to reconsider the effectiveness of the security department. First, it is necessary to accurately identify hazard information and prepare for expected hazard conditions (environmental understanding). Second, the bodyguards must be trained to avoid panic when a victim appears. Third, training should be provided to accurately warn and immediately defend against the appearance of a hazard. Fourth, the bodyguard must be positioned between the victim and the person to be guarded in any case. Fifth, a sufficient distance must be secured according to the weapon of the victim. Sixth, it should be ensured that the person to be guarded never confronts the victim. Seventh, it is necessary to conceive of a martial arts that can safely protect the guards while escorting them when evacuating. Eighth, the bodyguards need to develop a martial art that can delay the time because they have to earn time until the person to be protected is evacuated. Ninth, to prepare for the second attack, learn the martial arts to defend and attack at the same time when adversary. Tenth, we must demonstrate a spirit of sacrifice but cultivate a strong mental power that can defeat fear.