년 - 년
『晴陰錄』으로 본 (社)儒道會 略史 KCI 등재
동양고전학회 동양고전연구 제55집 2014.06 pp.265-292
...yu(1915-2005) during the period of January 9, 1969∼January 14, 1982. He was personally involved in the foundation of a corporation called Yudohoi and also all of its operation, which makes him the most knowledgeable person about its history. His Cheongeumrok thus seems worthy enough as a proper material to arrange its history. Cheongeumrok consists of total 19 books, amounting to approximately 3,300 pieces of squared manuscript paper containing 200 letters per piece. He wrote it in Chinese and sometimes followed the Hangul-style word order while writing in Chinese. Many parts of the manuscript were written in a cursive hand with many Chinese poems embedded throughout it. The manuscript offers major information related to the corporation Yudohoi extracted from his journal. 1. There was a meeting of promoters to commemorate the foundation of the corporation in November, 1968, and it was in January, 1969 that it was established after getting a permit from the Ministry of Culture and Communication in January, 1969(Permit No. of Ministry of Culture and Communication: Da(다)-2-3(Jongmu(宗 務)1732․5)). 2. Its office was moved from the original location of the 3rd floor of Wonnam Building, 133-1 Wonnam-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul(currently Daekhak Pharmacy in front of Seoul National University Hospital) to Room 388 of Gwangjang Company, 4 Yeji-dong, Jongro-gu(office of Heungsan Social Gathering) and to second floor of KyungBo building, 21 Kyansu-dong, and to 3rd floor of Geongguk Building in Gyeongwoon-dong. 3. Its operational costs were covered by the supports of Seong Sang-yeong, the eldest son of Seong Jong- ho, the chairman of the board, later Kim Won-tae and Gwon Tae-hun, next chairmen of the board, and Hong Chan-yun, a director, since 1979. 4. His Confucian activities include participating in Seonggyungwan Seokjeonje(成均館 釋奠), joining in the erection of the Parijangseo(巴里長書) Monument and the publication of its commemorative poetry book, compiling the biographies(not completed) of Confucian patriotic martyrs for independence, and participating in the establishment of family rituals and regulations as a practice member. 5. His Yudohoi had a dispute with Seonggyungwan and lost a suit at the High Court in July, 1975 and Supreme Court in February, 1976. 6. There were discussions about its unification with Seonggyungwan Yudohoi, but there was hardly any progress. 7. Yudohoi started to provide full-scale courses on Confucian and Chinese classics under the leadership of Director Hong Chan-yu in 1979, and they have continued on today. Its courses for scholarship students including those for common citizens boast a history of 29 years and 220 graduates.
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6,700원
『晴陰錄』은 권우 홍찬유(1915-2005) 선생의 일기(1969년 1월 9일∼1982년 1월 14일)이다. 선생은 사단법인 유 도회의 창립부터 모든 운영에 직접 관여하였으므로 유도회의 역사를 가장 잘 알고 있는 분이다. 따라서 이 『청음록』은 유도회 역사를 정리하는데 적합한 자료로서 충분한 가치가 있다고 본다. 『청음록』은 모두 19권으로 구 성되었으며, 총 분량은 200자 원고지 3,300매 정도이다. 일기 작성은 한문으로 되어있으며, 한문 문장으로 썼으되 한글 문장 어순을 따르기도 하였다. 그리고 원문의 많은 부분이 草書로 씌어있고, 또 중간 중간에 많은 漢詩가 삽 입되어 있다. 이 원고는 일기 중에서 사단법인 유도회에 관련된 주요사항만을 발췌한 것이다. 1. 사단법인은 1968년 11월 창립 발기인대회를 열고 이듬해 1969년 1월에 문공부로부터 인가를 받아 설립되었다( 문화부장관 허가번호 제다-2-3호(종무 1732․5). 2. 사무실은 처음 서울 종로구 원남도 133-1 원남빌딩 3층(현 서울 대 병원 앞 대학약국 자리)에서, 종로구 관수동 경보빌딩 2층, 다시 종로구 예지동 4번지 광장회사 388호실(興産 親睦會 사무실)로 이전, 이후 경운동 건국빌딩 3층으로 이전하였다. 3. 운영비 조달은 성종호 이사장의 장남 성상 영의 지원, 후에는 차기 이사장인 김원태, 권태훈이 담당하였으며, 1979년부터는 홍찬유 이사가 부담하였다. 3. 유 림 활동으로는, 성균관 석전제(釋奠祭) 참가를 비롯하여, 巴里長書碑建立 및 건립 기념시집 발간, 유림독립운동사 열전 편찬(미완), 가정의례준칙 제정에 실천위원으로 참가하였다. 4. 성균관과의 분쟁이 있었으나, 1975년 7월 고 법, 1976년 2월 대법에서 패소하였다. 5. 성균관 유도회와 통합에 관한 의논이 있기는 하였으나 거의 진척이 없었 다. 6. 1979년부터 본격적인 유교 경서 및 한문 강좌를 홍찬유 이사가 주도하여 현재까지 지속되고 있다. 현재 일 반 시민 강좌를 비롯하여, 장학생 강좌가 30년을 맞이하고 있으며, 수료생이 220명에 달하고 있다.
Cheongeumrok is the journal of Gwonwoo(卷宇) Hong Chan-yu(1915-2005) during the period of January 9, 1969∼January 14, 1982. He was personally involved in the foundation of a corporation called Yudohoi and also all of its operation, which makes him the most knowledgeable person about its history. His Cheongeumrok thus seems worthy enough as a proper material to arrange its history. Cheongeumrok consists of total 19 books, amounting to approximately 3,300 pieces of squared manuscript paper containing 200 letters per piece. He wrote it in Chinese and sometimes followed the Hangul-style word order while writing in Chinese. Many parts of the manuscript were written in a cursive hand with many Chinese poems embedded throughout it. The manuscript offers major information related to the corporation Yudohoi extracted from his journal. 1. There was a meeting of promoters to commemorate the foundation of the corporation in November, 1968, and it was in January, 1969 that it was established after getting a permit from the Ministry of Culture and Communication in January, 1969(Permit No. of Ministry of Culture and Communication: Da(다)-2-3(Jongmu(宗 務)1732․5)). 2. Its office was moved from the original location of the 3rd floor of Wonnam Building, 133-1 Wonnam-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul(currently Daekhak Pharmacy in front of Seoul National University Hospital) to Room 388 of Gwangjang Company, 4 Yeji-dong, Jongro-gu(office of Heungsan Social Gathering) and to second floor of KyungBo building, 21 Kyansu-dong, and to 3rd floor of Geongguk Building in Gyeongwoon-dong. 3. Its operational costs were covered by the supports of Seong Sang-yeong, the eldest son of Seong Jong- ho, the chairman of the board, later Kim Won-tae and Gwon Tae-hun, next chairmen of the board, and Hong Chan-yun, a director, since 1979. 4. His Confucian activities include participating in Seonggyungwan Seokjeonje(成均館 釋奠), joining in the erection of the Parijangseo(巴里長書) Monument and the publication of its commemorative poetry book, compiling the biographies(not completed) of Confucian patriotic martyrs for independence, and participating in the establishment of family rituals and regulations as a practice member. 5. His Yudohoi had a dispute with Seonggyungwan and lost a suit at the High Court in July, 1975 and Supreme Court in February, 1976. 6. There were discussions about its unification with Seonggyungwan Yudohoi, but there was hardly any progress. 7. Yudohoi started to provide full-scale courses on Confucian and Chinese classics under the leadership of Director Hong Chan-yu in 1979, and they have continued on today. Its courses for scholarship students including those for common citizens boast a history of 29 years and 220 graduates.
‘가족’에서 ‘민족’으로의 이동을 통한 정체성 모색 - 유미리 론 -
국제한인문학회 국제한인문학연구 제6호 2009.12 pp.65-88
...Yu Miri’s works to examine deviation as the expression of her dual perceptions of “family”, movement to “nation” through name searching, and the progress of writing for the maintenance of “self” exploration. In her <Family Cinema>, <Full House>, and <Gold Rush>, the writer describes the family issues, which make the most sensitive responses in the rapidly changing times, and the solitary individuals in society and interpersonal relationships with “deviant” actions. In <The End of August>, she conveys her re-perception of “nation” through “name searching” and thus obtains universality as the literature of Korean residents in Japan. Undergoing changes to her creative world, she makes diverse attempts at writing and continues her “self” explorations. Lying in all those is her consciousness as a writer to expand her field to include “nation” based on her affection of “family” and search for her identity endlessly. In her literature, she encompasses both “family” and “nation” and deals with individuals issues more deeply. Groping of identity through a movement from “family” to “nation” makes one think over the issue of “identity” inherent in the literature of Korean residents in Japan once again.
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6,100원
This study examined Yu Miri’s works to examine deviation as the expression of her dual perceptions of “family”, movement to “nation” through name searching, and the progress of writing for the maintenance of “self” exploration. In her <Family Cinema>, <Full House>, and <Gold Rush>, the writer describes the family issues, which make the most sensitive responses in the rapidly changing times, and the solitary individuals in society and interpersonal relationships with “deviant” actions. In <The End of August>, she conveys her re-perception of “nation” through “name searching” and thus obtains universality as the literature of Korean residents in Japan. Undergoing changes to her creative world, she makes diverse attempts at writing and continues her “self” explorations. Lying in all those is her consciousness as a writer to expand her field to include “nation” based on her affection of “family” and search for her identity endlessly. In her literature, she encompasses both “family” and “nation” and deals with individuals issues more deeply. Groping of identity through a movement from “family” to “nation” makes one think over the issue of “identity” inherent in the literature of Korean residents in Japan once again.
도달할 수 없는 곳 ‘원청’이 빚어내는 비극적 운명 - 위화(余華) 『원청(文城)』의 이중서사를 중심으로 - KCI 등재
부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 인문사회과학연구 제26권 제1호 2025.02 pp.103-125
...Yuhua's novel "Wencheng(文城)" to reveal the tragic fate that stands out throughout the work and what the fictional space of "Wencheng" means. Chapter 1 examines the aspect of tragic fate that expands as the two narratives intersect. In the first narrative, "wencheng", the story unfolds from the point of view of the protagonist, linxiangfu, and he goes south in search of his disappeared wife, xiaomei, but eventually meets a tragic ending in xizhen(溪镇) without reaching wencheng whose substance is unclear. The second narrative, 'wenchengbu(文城补),' explains why it could not be combined with linxiangfu by reconstructing the same event from the xiaomei perspective. On the surface, it seems to be a story of 'a husband looking for a wife', but in addition to this story, it is found that human desire, betrayal, and trustworthiness form a complex structure intertwined in the turbulent period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republic of China. Chapter 2 analyzes the meaning of the fantastic space called 'wencheng'. Through the scene where linxiangfu wanders every time he leaves the road, "Is this wencheng?" and even aqing and xiaomei ask back, "Where is wencheng?" it is revealed that wencheng is embodied as an utopia and an unreachable place in contrast to reality. In addition, it explores the narrative techniques with biopic colors. In conclusion, by combining these double narratives and fantastic spaces, we pay attention to the fundamental question that the work ultimately raises: "Why do humans pursue an ideal that can never be reached?" In particular, it is revealed that the catastrophic ending experienced by linxiangfu and xiaomei and the tragedy caused by Wencheng's absence are the driving force behind the completion of the entire work.
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6,000원
본 연구는 위화의 장편소설 『원청(文城)』이 지닌 이중서사 구조를 분석하여, 작품 전 체에서 두드러지는 비극적 운명과 ‘원청(文城)’이라는 허구적 공간이 어떠한 의미를 지 니는지를 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 제1장에서는 두 서사가 교차하면서 확장되는 비극적 운명의 양상을 고찰한다. 첫 번 째 서사, ‘원청’에서는 주인공 린샹푸 시점으로 이야기가 전개된다. 그가 사라진 아내 샤 오메이를 찾아 남방으로 내려가지만 결국 실체가 불분명한 원청에 닿지 못한 채 시진(溪 鎮)에서 비극적 결말을 맞는 과정을 그린다. 두 번째 서사, ‘또 하나의 이야기(文城补)’는 샤오메이 관점에서 동일 사건을 재구성한다. 샤오메이는 자신을 찾는 린샹푸를 알면서 도 자신을 드러내지 않는 이유, 즉 왜 린샹푸와 결합할 수 없었는가에 대한 서사이다. 당시 여성의 삶과 운명에 대한 것을 다루고 있다. 그리고 소설 전체적으로는 주인공의 비극 적인 사랑과 여성의 삶에 관해 이야기하지만, 그 이면에는 청말·민국 초의 격동기에서 인간의 생존과 운명, 시대적 혼란이 얽힌 복합적 구조를 이루고 있음을 규명하고 있다. 2장에서는 ‘원청’이라는 환상적 공간의 의미를 분석한다. 린샹푸가 길을 떠날 때마다 “여기가 원청인가요?”라며 헤매는 모습, 아창과 샤오메이조차 “원청이 어디인데?”라고 되묻는 장면을 통해, 원청이 현실과 대비되는 이상향이자 도달 불가능한 장소로 형상화 되었음을 밝힌다. 결론적으로 이러한 이중서사와 환상적 공간이 결합함으로써, 작품이 궁극적으로 제 기하는 “왜 인간은 결코 닿을 수 없는 이상을 추구하는가?”라는 근원적 질문에 주목한다. 특히 린샹푸와 샤오메이가 겪는 파국적 결말과 원청의 부재(不在)가 가져다주는 비극성 이 오히려 작품 전체를 완성하는 동력임을 밝혀내고 있다.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the double narrative structure of Yuhua's novel "Wencheng(文城)" to reveal the tragic fate that stands out throughout the work and what the fictional space of "Wencheng" means. Chapter 1 examines the aspect of tragic fate that expands as the two narratives intersect. In the first narrative, "wencheng", the story unfolds from the point of view of the protagonist, linxiangfu, and he goes south in search of his disappeared wife, xiaomei, but eventually meets a tragic ending in xizhen(溪镇) without reaching wencheng whose substance is unclear. The second narrative, 'wenchengbu(文城补),' explains why it could not be combined with linxiangfu by reconstructing the same event from the xiaomei perspective. On the surface, it seems to be a story of 'a husband looking for a wife', but in addition to this story, it is found that human desire, betrayal, and trustworthiness form a complex structure intertwined in the turbulent period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republic of China. Chapter 2 analyzes the meaning of the fantastic space called 'wencheng'. Through the scene where linxiangfu wanders every time he leaves the road, "Is this wencheng?" and even aqing and xiaomei ask back, "Where is wencheng?" it is revealed that wencheng is embodied as an utopia and an unreachable place in contrast to reality. In addition, it explores the narrative techniques with biopic colors. In conclusion, by combining these double narratives and fantastic spaces, we pay attention to the fundamental question that the work ultimately raises: "Why do humans pursue an ideal that can never be reached?" In particular, it is revealed that the catastrophic ending experienced by linxiangfu and xiaomei and the tragedy caused by Wencheng's absence are the driving force behind the completion of the entire work.
성석제의 『투명인간』과 余華의 『兄弟』에 나타난 형제관계 고찰
한중인문학회 한중인문학회 국제학술대회 포스트 코로나 시대의 한중 인문학의 과제와 전 2021.08 pp.33-46
...Yu Hua's 『Brothers』focusing on the brothers and brotherhood revealed in the two novels. Song Sok-ze and Yu Hua, both born in 1960, are the best-selling writers representing Korea and China respectively, and they reflect their direct and indirect experiences with the family suffering set from the 1960s to 2000s in these works. In particular, this paper pays attention to the fact that the both novels elaborate the sacrifice, conflict, and separation between the two brothers with opposite character. Also, this paper analyzes the similarities and dissimilarities in the aspect of the narrative strategy, the tragic ending and the theme of the novels. Song Sok-ze and Yu Hu, both male authors of the same age, have yet to be noted for their comparison, despite their popularity, status, and the common ground for affection of the ordinary people‘s lives. In this regard, I would like to attempt to make an initial step for the comparative study of the two authors through this seminar, and to expand our understanding of the two author's world of literary work by conducting more detailed research in the future.
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4,600원
1960년생인 성석제(成碩濟)와 위화(余華)는 한국과 중국의 베스트셀러 작가이자 당대를 대 표하는 이야기꾼들로, 이십대 초중반의 나이에 데뷔 후 현재까지 다수의 장편·중단편소설과 에 세이집 등을 발표해오고 있다. 그 중, 성석제의 『투명인간』과 위화의 『형제』에는 각기 한 국과 중국의 1960년대부터 2000년대까지를 배경으로 한 가족의 수난사가 생생하게 재현된 가 운데, 작가들의 직·간접적인 경험들이 다량 투영되어 있다. 본고에서는 이 두 편의 가족수난사 장편소설이 개성이 상이한 형제의 이야기를 중심으로 하고 있음에 주목하여 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 성격이 상반되는 형과 동생 간의 희생과 갈등, 그리고 이별이라는 공통된 모티프를 지 닌 데 반해, 두 작가가 사용한 서술방식과 결말의 주제의식에서는 차이를 보이고 있는데, 이와 관련한 작품의 의도와 독자에게 전달되는 효과는 무엇일지 등을 고찰해보도록 한다. 성석제와 위화는 동갑의 남성작가로서 각국에서의 높은 대중적 인기 및 작가로서의 위상, 서민의 삶에 대한 애착과 해학적 필치 등 많은 유사성을 찾아볼 수 있음에도 불구하고 아직 비교대상으로 주목받지 못하였다. 이에 필자는 금번 학술대회를 통해 두 작가에 대한 비교연구의 첫걸음으로 서 소설내용과 시점, 주제 등에 대한 개괄적인 검토를 시도하고자 하며, 향후 더 세밀한 연구를 통해 두 작가 작품 세계에 대한 이해를 확장해나가고자 한다.
This paper, written for the presentation at the International Seminar of The Society of Korean & Chinese Humanities, briefly compares the Song Sok-ze's 『Invisible Man』and Yu Hua's 『Brothers』focusing on the brothers and brotherhood revealed in the two novels. Song Sok-ze and Yu Hua, both born in 1960, are the best-selling writers representing Korea and China respectively, and they reflect their direct and indirect experiences with the family suffering set from the 1960s to 2000s in these works. In particular, this paper pays attention to the fact that the both novels elaborate the sacrifice, conflict, and separation between the two brothers with opposite character. Also, this paper analyzes the similarities and dissimilarities in the aspect of the narrative strategy, the tragic ending and the theme of the novels. Song Sok-ze and Yu Hu, both male authors of the same age, have yet to be noted for their comparison, despite their popularity, status, and the common ground for affection of the ordinary people‘s lives. In this regard, I would like to attempt to make an initial step for the comparative study of the two authors through this seminar, and to expand our understanding of the two author's world of literary work by conducting more detailed research in the future.
신유박해 이후 교회 재건기의 지도자 권기인 요한에 대한 연구 - 양근 권철신 5형제 가문의 혈연을 중심으로 - KCI 등재후보
수원교회사연구소 교회사학 제8호 2011.12 pp.7-90
...yu persecution was the worst crisis and the significant watershred in history of the Korean Catholic Church. During this era, church leaders didn’t stop their activities and Catholic faith were re-erected among Catholics. Among the leaders, John Kwon Gi-in and his relative Kwon Noh-bang are known to have done a leading role in writing Shinmi Baekseo. However, who they were or what they did in their lifes have been hardly discovered yet. This article aims to find out who Kwon Gi-in was, known only as John the nephew of Kwon Cheolshin. By investigation of the newly found genealogy of Andong Kwon clan(published in 1807), it was discovered that Kwon Sang-sool, the oldest son of Kwon Jeh-shin(Kwon Cheolshin’s eldest brother), was Kwon Noh-bang. It was also discovered that Kwon Sang-rip, the second oldest son of Kwon Jeh-shin, was Kwon Gi-in. This article’s another aim is to understand Kwon Gi-in’s faith and to find out his backgrounds and family relationship. A general and brief history was described of families of Kwon Cheolshin and his four brothers of Yang-geun, including their history of suffer. We could also understand how Kwon Gi-in and Kwon Noh-bang had become strongly motivated for reconstruction of Catholic Church after Shin-yu persecution. Kwon Gi-in and other leaders have a historical significance in the history of the Korean Catholic Church in two respects. First, they were the first lay believers who, as representatives of Korean Catholics, wrote the Baekseo to the Pope. They were fully aware of the importance of their ancestors’ self-motivated faith, namely erecting the Catholic Church without any help of foreign missionaries, and they were the first to let Rome know about it. Their dispatching Baekseo in 1811 and 1813 was the direct cause of two missionaries’ start for Korea in 1817, though they didn’t succeed. Second, the leaders during the dark age made hard efforts to reconstruct the church and brought up their successors, and all their efforts resulted in missionaries’ successful bringing in and later the erection of the Vicariate Apostolic of Korea.
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15,100원
1801년 신유박해 이후 15년여의 ‘암묵기’가 바로 한국 천주교회사에서 교회존폐의 분수령을 이룬 최대의 위기였다고 볼 수 있다. 이 기간 중에, 권기인·권노방·이여진·신태보·조동섬 등 지도자들이 활동에 나섰고, 신자들은 천주 신앙을 다시 일으켜 세웠다. 그들 중 신미년 백서의 대표 작성자로 알려진 권기인 요한과 그의 친척 권노방에 대하여는, 그들이 누구였고 살아온 과정이 어떠했는지 파악되지 않고 있었다. 본고는 우리 교회사 안에서 권철신의 조카 권기인 요한으로만 불리어 온 권기인과 그의 친척이었다는 권노방의 실체를 규명하고자 하였다. 1807년에 간행된 안동권씨 족보의 발견으로, 권철신 5형제 가문의 둘째 집 권제신의 장남 권상술이 권노방이었고, 차남인 권상립이 권기인임을 밝히게 되었다. 권기인과 그의 동료들은 교황에게 조선신자들의 신심을 모아 글을 올린 한국천주교회 최초의 평신도들이었고, 그들은 선교사의 도움 없이 교회를 세웠던 선각자들의 자생적 신앙이 갖는 의미를 정확히 인식하여 자각했고, 이를 교황에게 알린 우리교회 최초의 인물들이었다. 1811년과 1813년 두 번에 걸친 밀사파견과 백서전달이, 비록 조선 잠입에는 실패하였지만, 북경주교가 1817년 1월 두 명의 선교사를 조선을 향해 출발하게 했던 직접적인 계기가 되었었다는 견해를 밝히었다. 또한, 당시 교회 암묵기 지도자들의, 초기교회 재건에 진력한 열성과 후진들을 양성해냈던 일련의 노력들이, 이후 정하상 세대에 의한 성공적인 선교사 입국과, 훗날 조선 대목구가 설정되는 데에도 출발점이 되었다는 점에도 주목하였다. 권기인의 신앙세계를 이해하고 그의 성장배경과 가족관계 등을 파악하기 위해서, 그가 속했던 혈족인 양근 권철신·권일신 5형제 가문 삶의 모습과, 가문의 수난사를 개괄하여 살펴보았다. 이를 통해서 신유박해 이후 권기인과 권노방이 교회재건을 위해 하느님께 투신했던 동인(動因)을 찾을 수가 있었다.
The 15 years of ‘dark age’ after Shin-yu persecution was the worst crisis and the significant watershred in history of the Korean Catholic Church. During this era, church leaders didn’t stop their activities and Catholic faith were re-erected among Catholics. Among the leaders, John Kwon Gi-in and his relative Kwon Noh-bang are known to have done a leading role in writing Shinmi Baekseo. However, who they were or what they did in their lifes have been hardly discovered yet. This article aims to find out who Kwon Gi-in was, known only as John the nephew of Kwon Cheolshin. By investigation of the newly found genealogy of Andong Kwon clan(published in 1807), it was discovered that Kwon Sang-sool, the oldest son of Kwon Jeh-shin(Kwon Cheolshin’s eldest brother), was Kwon Noh-bang. It was also discovered that Kwon Sang-rip, the second oldest son of Kwon Jeh-shin, was Kwon Gi-in. This article’s another aim is to understand Kwon Gi-in’s faith and to find out his backgrounds and family relationship. A general and brief history was described of families of Kwon Cheolshin and his four brothers of Yang-geun, including their history of suffer. We could also understand how Kwon Gi-in and Kwon Noh-bang had become strongly motivated for reconstruction of Catholic Church after Shin-yu persecution. Kwon Gi-in and other leaders have a historical significance in the history of the Korean Catholic Church in two respects. First, they were the first lay believers who, as representatives of Korean Catholics, wrote the Baekseo to the Pope. They were fully aware of the importance of their ancestors’ self-motivated faith, namely erecting the Catholic Church without any help of foreign missionaries, and they were the first to let Rome know about it. Their dispatching Baekseo in 1811 and 1813 was the direct cause of two missionaries’ start for Korea in 1817, though they didn’t succeed. Second, the leaders during the dark age made hard efforts to reconstruct the church and brought up their successors, and all their efforts resulted in missionaries’ successful bringing in and later the erection of the Vicariate Apostolic of Korea.
7,600원
聚分韻略 諸本에 걸친 遇攝의 字音形에 대하여 KCI 등재
한국일본학회 일본학보 제140권 2024.08 pp.119-135
...Yu (遇) were examined. For the first opened rhyme Mo (模), the most common type is the -o type, which does not differentiate between Kan’on and Go’on. The next most common type is the -o type of Kan’on, which is distinguishable from the -u type of Go’on. For the B type of the third opened rhyme Yu (魚), the majority are recorded as the Kan’on -jo type, with some instances of the Go’on -o types. For the third opened rhyme Yu (魚), the majority of A type are recorded as the -jo type, with some -o types mixed in initial Rai (來) and dental sounds. As the -jo type is homophonous between Kan’on and Go’on, it is not possible to distinguish between them based on phonetic type alone. For the B type of the third opened rhyme Yu (虞), the common appearance of the -u type does not allow for distinguishing between Kan’on and Go’on based on phonetic type alone. In the A type of the third opened rhyme Yu (虞), the commonly appearing -iu and -ju types are homophonous between Kan’on and Go’on, so it is not possible to distinguish between them based on phonetic type alone. No significant differences are indicated by overall trends across the group Yu (遇). Although there are some instances of Go’on present, most kana notations follow Kan’on principles.
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5,100원
본고에서는 『聚分韻略』 4개본의 遇攝의 字音形에 대해 漢音, 吳音 자료와 비교・분석하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1) 開口1等의 模韻은 『聚分韻略』 4개본에서 공통적으로 漢音, 吳音을 구별할 수 없는 -o형이 가장 많으며, 그 다음에 吳音의 -u형과 구별되는 漢音의 -o형이 분포한다. 2) 開口3等 魚韻 乙類는 『聚分韻略』 4개본에서 모두 대부분 漢音의 -jo형으로 기재하고 있으며, 일부 吳音의 -o형이 혼입되어 있다. 3) 開口3等 魚韻 甲類는 『聚分韻略』 4개본에서 모두 주로 -jo형으로 기재하고 있으며, 來母字와 齒音字를 중심으로 일부 -o형이 혼재한다. -jo형은 漢音, 吳音 동형이므로 字音形으로는 漢音과 吳音을 구별할 수 없지만, 日母字의 [シヨ, ジヨ]는 漢音으로, [ニヨ]는 吳音으로 규정할 수 있다. 4) 開口3等 虞韻 乙類는 『聚分韻略』 4개본에서 공통적으로 출현하는 -u형은 그 字音形으로 漢音, 吳音을 구별할 수 없다. 단지 그 聲母로 보아 微母字의 [ム]는 吳音으로, [フ, フウ, ブ]는 漢音으로 규정할 수 있다. 5) 開口3等 虞韻 甲類는 『聚分韻略』 4개본에서 출현하는 -iu형, -ju형은 漢音 吳音 동형이므로 그 字音形을 통해 漢音 吳音을 구별할 수 없다. 단지 그 聲母로 보아 日母字의 [シユ]는 漢音으로, [ニウ]는 吳音으로 규정할 수 있다. 6) 遇攝韻 전체에 걸친 전반적인 경향은 『聚分韻略』 제본에 큰 차이가 보이지 않으며, 대부분 漢音 注記를 원칙으로 하고 있지만, 일부 吳音 注記가 혼입되어 있다고 할 수 있다.
This paper analyzed the kana notations of Shubun-Inryaku (聚分韻略) by comparing and contrasting them with Go’on and Kan’on. Additionally, the differences in the kana notations of Kanji in the Group Yu (遇) were examined. For the first opened rhyme Mo (模), the most common type is the -o type, which does not differentiate between Kan’on and Go’on. The next most common type is the -o type of Kan’on, which is distinguishable from the -u type of Go’on. For the B type of the third opened rhyme Yu (魚), the majority are recorded as the Kan’on -jo type, with some instances of the Go’on -o types. For the third opened rhyme Yu (魚), the majority of A type are recorded as the -jo type, with some -o types mixed in initial Rai (來) and dental sounds. As the -jo type is homophonous between Kan’on and Go’on, it is not possible to distinguish between them based on phonetic type alone. For the B type of the third opened rhyme Yu (虞), the common appearance of the -u type does not allow for distinguishing between Kan’on and Go’on based on phonetic type alone. In the A type of the third opened rhyme Yu (虞), the commonly appearing -iu and -ju types are homophonous between Kan’on and Go’on, so it is not possible to distinguish between them based on phonetic type alone. No significant differences are indicated by overall trends across the group Yu (遇). Although there are some instances of Go’on present, most kana notations follow Kan’on principles.
中国蔚县邨庙壁画中儒家“叁祭礼”观念的转变 KCI 등재
한국동양예술학회 동양예술 제51호 2021.05 pp.353-377
...Yu county town as the research basis, to analysis the origin of the evolution of the objects of sacrifice in China by dividing the three rites of "sacrificing heaven and earth, sacrificing the ancestor and sacrificing the sages" from the evolution of the Confucian "three rites".
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6,300원
춘추시대 공자가 주례 문화에 의거해 유학을 창립한 이후 몇 백년 동안 유학자 들의 인식은 융합을 거쳐 자신의 발전에 적합한 길을 모색했다. 이러한 인식은 중국 문 화사의 정통사상으로 자리 잡게 되었고 오늘날에 이르고 있다. 그 발전 궤적에 공자, 맹자, 순자 등 유교를 대표하는 인물들이 등장한다. 그중에서도 荀子가 제사문화 해석 에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤는데, 그 내용은 주로 周制五礼중 ‘吉礼’에 대한 해석이었다. 이후 순자는 礼之叁本에 의거하여 중국의 전통 제사인 主神의 구분을 수정하여, 이전 의 天神, 地祇, 人鬼를 천지, 선조, 성현에게 제사지내는 叁祭의 礼로 바꾸었다. 묘제 문화에서는 천지, 선조, 귀신제사의 세 가지 유형이 나타난다. 새로운 제사의 범위는 종전의 3분의 1 수준이지만 내용과 배경은 크게 다르다. 이것은 천지제사를 하나로 통 합하고, 선조제사를 따로 나누어 종묘제사를 귀신으로 만들었다. 제사문화의 주도적 위치를 점하고 있는 인본사상의 신격화 또한 묘제문화에 대한 새로운 욕구이자 최초의 자연숭배부터 선조숭배까지 역사의 진화 과정에서 제사의 범위가 넓어진 것이다. 이러 한 변화는 역사문화 발전의 개연성에서 기인하는 것이 아니라 무문화의 영향과 종교의 以神设教진화의 필연적인 산물이다. 따라서 묘제문화에 대한 연구는 인간이 필요로 하는 목적의 제사 내용 변화와 제사문화의 근원 및 발전사를 보는 것이 가장 직관적인 방식이다. 이에 본고는 중국 울현 춘묘벽화 내용을 연구 근거로 유가의 礼叁本에서 유 래한 祭天地, 祭袓先, 祭圣贤의 叁祭之礼를 중국 제사 대상의 变川으로 구분하여 설명 하였다.
In the spring and Autumn period, Confucius founded Confucianism according to the Zhou Li culture. In the following hundreds of years, Confucian scholars' cognition of Confucius Confucianism experienced differences and integration, and finally they found the way that suitable for the development of Chinese culture, which became the orthodox thought in the history, and it influenced up to now. During the development, Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi and other Confucian representatives appeared. Xunzi, a famous scholar, has the most influence on the interpretation of the sacrificial culture. Its content is mainly analysis the interpretation of "auspicious rites" which is on the top of the "five rites of Zhou system". Since then , Xunzi revised the division of traditional Chinese sacrificial gods according to the origin of rites. The former three sacrifices were changed into three sacrifices rites, Sacrifice to heaven and earth,ancestor and ghosts and gods. Although the new scope of sacrifice is the same as before , there are great differences in content and background. The integration of heaven and earth sacrifice, the separate division of ancestor sacrifice, the change of temple sacrifice into ghost God, reflects that the human-oriented thought gradually occupies the dominant position of the sacrificial culture. It is a new demand of people for temple sacrifice culture that deification of the first saint ancestor. Also it is the expansion of the scope of sacrifice from the initial natural worship to the worship of ancestors. This change is not accidental . it changed because of the inevitable product of the influence of witch culture, and the evolution of religion "to set up religion by God".Therefore,the most intuitive way is to view the origin and development history of sacrificial culture in terms of the change of sacrifice content for the purpose of human thought and human needs. This paper takes the temple wall of Yu county town as the research basis, to analysis the origin of the evolution of the objects of sacrifice in China by dividing the three rites of "sacrificing heaven and earth, sacrificing the ancestor and sacrificing the sages" from the evolution of the Confucian "three rites".
요송시대 중국 밀교의 준제진언 수용 연구 - 『현밀성불원통심요집』을 중심으로 KCI 등재
한국선학회 禪學(선학) 제32호 2012.08 pp.219-241
...Yuántōng Chéng Fó Xīn Yào Jí(顯密圓通成佛心要集) which were wrote by Daodian the author regarded Huayan(華嚴) as ultimate doctrine(圓敎) of Exoteric Buddhism(顯敎) and the tradition of Vairocana Tantra(大日經) and Vajra Peak Tantra(金剛頂經) as ultimate doctrine of Esoteric Buddhism. Daodia adopted the orthodox theories of two tantras as to explain the doctrines and practice system of Esoteric Buddhism and as a result Daodia maintain the idea of practicing both of Exoteric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism. But in Song dynasty of Chinese Buddhism the orthodox tradition of Esoteric Buddhism founded on fundamental Indian's Esoteric Buddhism of two Tantras were vanished, so Daodia insisted the Cundi Mantra as the supreme Mantra of all Tantras which were combined with the idea of Huayan thought. The series of Mantras including Cundi Mantra, Six Letter Mantra, Guarding Mantra(護身眞 言) and Purifying Dharma Realm Mantra(淨法界眞言) comes from Xiǎn Mì Yuántōng Chéng Fó Xīn Yào Jí so that those Mantras were adopted to the ceremony of RTTAA. Considering the tradition of reciting Cundi Mantra in Japanese Buddhism founded on Indian Buddhism RTTAA. in Korean Buddhism shows the adaptation of Daodia's theory which advocated the integratiion of both Exoteric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism.
현재까지 독송되어 오고 있는 한국불교의 천수경 독송의 예참은 중국의 송요시대에 이루어진 중국불교의 밀교적 변화가 반영되어 있다. 천수경의 독송에는 육자대명왕진언과 더불어 준제진언이 포함되어 있는데, 원래 인도불교에서 기인한 준제진언은 요시대 道殿스님에 의한 독특한 해석이 더해져 중국밀교로 하여금 새로운 국면을 맞게 하였다. 도전의 저서인 『顯密圓通成佛心要集』에서 저자는 현교의 국극적 요의를 華嚴을 중심으로 圓敎로 파악하고, 밀교의 원교는 『대일경』과 『금강정경』의 양부경전을 중심으로 해석을 가하였다. 도전은 밀교의 교상을 정의하기 위해 『대일경소』를 비롯해 태장계와 금강계의 양부 부법의 교설을 인용하고, 밀교의 실제수행은 三密加持를 비롯한 중국 중기밀교의 정통한 이론을 반영한다. 도전은 顯密兼修의 수행이념을 주장하면서 현교의 화엄을 수학하기 위해 緣起法界를 관하지만, 밀교의 실제수행에 있어서는 준제진언을 위시해 육자대명왕진언, 一字眞言 등을 수학하고, 5대실지를 성취할 것을 주장한다. 특히 준제진언에 대해서는 모든 진언을 섭수하는 것이어서 태장계, 금강계의 양대 부법에 전승된 진언수행 이상의 의미를 담아두고 있다. 준제진언과 육자대명왕진언, 정법계진언과 호신진언의 일련의 체계는 『현밀원통성불심요집』에서 화엄과 밀교의 소통을 제시했던 도전에 의해 개시된 것이며 이러한 전통은 중국뿐만 아니라 오늘날 한국불교의 천수경 독송의 예참에 까지 이어진 것이다. 일본에서는 준제진언의 예참을 인도밀교의 전통에 근간을 두고 행하지만, 한국밀교는 중국과 마찬가지로 태장계와 금강계의 양부부법을 배제하고 준제진언에 최고의 지위를 부여하고 화엄과 밀교의 소통을 시도한 전승을 따랐기 때문에 현재 한국의 밀교도 사라진 것이 아니라 화엄과 밀교의 융합을 통한 현밀쌍수의 전통이 천수경의 예참을 통해 현재까지 면면히 살아있는 것이다.
The tradition of reciting the Rite of Ten Thousands Armed Avalokitesvara (RTTAA.) in Korean Buddhism till today results from the development of Chinese Esoteric Buddhism of Song Liao(宋遼) dynasty. The recitation of RTTAA. includes the Cundi Mantra which originated from Indian Buddhism, but the new interpretation on the Cundi Mantra by Daodian(道殿) made Chinese Esoteric Buddhism to face a new tradition which the result influences the Korean and Chinese Buddhism of today. In Xiǎn Mì Yuántōng Chéng Fó Xīn Yào Jí(顯密圓通成佛心要集) which were wrote by Daodian the author regarded Huayan(華嚴) as ultimate doctrine(圓敎) of Exoteric Buddhism(顯敎) and the tradition of Vairocana Tantra(大日經) and Vajra Peak Tantra(金剛頂經) as ultimate doctrine of Esoteric Buddhism. Daodia adopted the orthodox theories of two tantras as to explain the doctrines and practice system of Esoteric Buddhism and as a result Daodia maintain the idea of practicing both of Exoteric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism. But in Song dynasty of Chinese Buddhism the orthodox tradition of Esoteric Buddhism founded on fundamental Indian's Esoteric Buddhism of two Tantras were vanished, so Daodia insisted the Cundi Mantra as the supreme Mantra of all Tantras which were combined with the idea of Huayan thought. The series of Mantras including Cundi Mantra, Six Letter Mantra, Guarding Mantra(護身眞 言) and Purifying Dharma Realm Mantra(淨法界眞言) comes from Xiǎn Mì Yuántōng Chéng Fó Xīn Yào Jí so that those Mantras were adopted to the ceremony of RTTAA. Considering the tradition of reciting Cundi Mantra in Japanese Buddhism founded on Indian Buddhism RTTAA. in Korean Buddhism shows the adaptation of Daodia's theory which advocated the integratiion of both Exoteric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism.
<구운몽> : 두 욕망의 순환과 진정한 깨달음의 서사 -양소유가 성진 되기- KCI 등재후보
열상고전연구회 열상고전연구 제26집 2007.12 pp.287-317
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7,200원
英語圏から見た「在日」と国境を越える インターセクショナリティ - ミン・ジン・リー『パチンコ』、柳美里『JR上野駅公園口』をめぐって - KCI 등재
동국대학교 일본학연구소 일본학 제62집 2024.04 pp.51-65
...Yu Miri's Tokyo Ueno Station, I consider which aspects of the Zainichi experience become visible or invisible as their stories cross national borders.
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4,800원
This paper considers the intersections of “Zainichiness” with not only Japan and Korea, but with the English-speaking world, particularly the United States. Intersectionality is usually deployed to explore the overlapping structures of race, gender, class, and so on, but here I argue that intersectionality is also useful in analysis of intersections among empires. This is particularly relevant in studies of Zainichi Koreans, who are situated at the intersection of Japanese and American imperialisms. Through a reading of two texts read widely in English, Min Jin Lee's Pachinko and Yu Miri's Tokyo Ueno Station, I consider which aspects of the Zainichi experience become visible or invisible as their stories cross national borders.
本稿では、「在日性」と、日本、韓国、さらに米国をはじめとする英語圏との「交差 (インターセクション)」を考察する。通常は人種、ジェンダー、階級などが交差する構造 の分析に用いられるインターセクショナリティ理論が、複数の帝国主義が交差する状 況を分析する際にも有効であることを示すのが本稿の目的である。とりわけ、日本帝国 主義の残響と米国の新帝国主義の間に板ばさみとなった在日コリアンの経験を考える にあたり、帝国主義の交差性(インターセクショナリティ)は無視できない。在日コリアン の物語の越境的な普及に伴って可視化・不可視化される当事者たちの経験を、英語 圏でも話題となったミン・ジン・リー『パチンコ』と柳美里『JR上野駅公園口』の読解を通 じて検討する。
호남좌도농악 부포상모의 특징과 문화적 의미 -남원농악 유명철 상쇠의 부포상모를 중심으로-
서울대학교 동양음악연구소 동양음악(구 민족음악학) 제35집 2013.12 pp.185-214
...Yu Myeong Cheol, leading Small gong player of Namwon Nongak as the subject of study. Namwon Nongak is Nongak that continued high level of artistic value of Pojang Geolip Nongak and inherited Bupo-Noleum which was lost or not contained in other Nongak focusing on Yu Myeong Cheol, leading Small gong player in the realizable status. In this regard, this thesis examined change of form and the structure of Bupo-sangmo of Jwado Nongak focusing on Bupo-sangmo of Yu Myeong Cheol, leading Small gong player of Namwon Nongak, and then explored the cultural meaning and effects of Bupo-sangmo in performance of Nongak.
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7,000원
이 글은 농악 연구에서 간과되었던 상모를 주제로 삼아 농악의 물질문화에 접근하기 위한 하나의 시도이다. 부포상모는 농악 모자의 한 종류로서, 가락의 속도와 짜임을 지배 하고 연행자들의 몸짓을 제약함으로써 농악의 연행원리에 영향을 미치는 중요한 연행 도 구이기 때문에 연구할 가치가 있다. 이 글에서는 남원농악 유명철 상쇠의 부포상모를 연 구대상으로 삼았는데, 남원농악은 포장걸립농악의 수준 높은 예술성을 이어오고 있는 농 악으로서 상쇠 유명철을 중심으로 하여 다른 농악에서는 보유하지 않았거나 현재는 누실 되어버린 부포놀음을 실현 가능한 상태로 전승하고 있다. 이에 이 글에서는 남원농악 유 명철 상쇠의 부포상모를 중심으로 하여 좌도농악 부포상모의 구조 및 형태의 변화를 먼 저 개관한 후, 농악 연행에서의 부포상모의 효과와 문화적인 의미를 살펴보았다.
This thesis is an attempt to approach material culture of Nongak with subject of Sangmo which has been overlooked at Nongak study. Since Bupo-sangmo is a kind of Nongak hat and is an important tool that affects the performance principle of Nongak by dominating the organization and speed of tune and restricting the gesture of performer, it is worth studying. This study sets the Bupo-sangmo of Yu Myeong Cheol, leading Small gong player of Namwon Nongak as the subject of study. Namwon Nongak is Nongak that continued high level of artistic value of Pojang Geolip Nongak and inherited Bupo-Noleum which was lost or not contained in other Nongak focusing on Yu Myeong Cheol, leading Small gong player in the realizable status. In this regard, this thesis examined change of form and the structure of Bupo-sangmo of Jwado Nongak focusing on Bupo-sangmo of Yu Myeong Cheol, leading Small gong player of Namwon Nongak, and then explored the cultural meaning and effects of Bupo-sangmo in performance of Nongak.
개화기 문체의 시작과 변화 : 서유견문과 신찬초등소학을 중심으로 KCI 등재
국제언어인문학회 인문언어 제15권 1호 2013.04 pp.27-45
...Yu-Kyun-Mun (1895) and the Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak (1909). Historically Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun used Hangul almost for the first time in what may be defined as a formal writing, while Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak was used as a manual to teach the general public. In Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun one finds that the use of Chinese characters and Hangul was successfully negotiated as one dialect, and even though the use of Hangul was somewhat restrictive, we can evaluate it as being the stepping stone for the new writing style. Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak showed progress from Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun in terms of the usage of Hangul. In Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak, Hangul was used to express the substantial morpheme in addition to the grammatical morpheme. And since it used only Hangul in some sentences and paragraphs, one can assume that the usage of Hangul had been generalized to some degree at that time. Though traditional long-descriptive minuscule writing style was also going through changes, the use of paragraph became more apparent in the Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak, compared to the Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun.
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5,400원
This paper studies the 19th century writing in Korea, how it began and transformed. At the end of 19th century, Korean society experienced diverse changes in its traditions. Traditional ideals, life style and the world view were shaken by new ideals and perspectives during the enlightenment period which today is called the ‘Gaehwagi’. The writing also was effected by these subsequent changes. Before Gaehwagi, Korean sentences were written in Chinse characters. Educated people used only Chinese characters to express their thoughts and opinions. However, following the Gaehwagi, Hangul (Korean alphabet) and Chinese characters were used together. But soon after the problem became apparent with the general public in that they were not educated well enough to employ both the Chinese characters and Hangul in the same sentences, it was a new writing style they had never experienced. The paper addresses the question of how the new writing style became a ‘norm’ following the Gaehwagi by comparing the Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun (1895) and the Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak (1909). Historically Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun used Hangul almost for the first time in what may be defined as a formal writing, while Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak was used as a manual to teach the general public. In Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun one finds that the use of Chinese characters and Hangul was successfully negotiated as one dialect, and even though the use of Hangul was somewhat restrictive, we can evaluate it as being the stepping stone for the new writing style. Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak showed progress from Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun in terms of the usage of Hangul. In Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak, Hangul was used to express the substantial morpheme in addition to the grammatical morpheme. And since it used only Hangul in some sentences and paragraphs, one can assume that the usage of Hangul had been generalized to some degree at that time. Though traditional long-descriptive minuscule writing style was also going through changes, the use of paragraph became more apparent in the Shin-Chan-Cho-Deung-So-Hak, compared to the Seo-Yu-Kyun-Mun.
율곡시에 나타난 산수유람 체험의 형상화 방식과 지향 KCI 등재
한서대학교 동양고전연구소 동방학 제24집 2012.08 pp.67-88
...Yul-gok Yi Yi(1536-1584), a leading author proficient in both literary and philosophy of the time, is well known for his intrinsic philosophical ideas based on a theory called “Monistic Ju-ki-ron(主 氣論)” which had extensive impact to shift the viewpoints on the literature to focus on the existential modality and values of literature itself. Yi Yi’s mentions on literature reveals that he had recognized the close correlation between morality(道) and literature(文) and had endeavored to define their relationship. Among the diverse vocabularies that Yulkok made uses of to explain the relationship between morality and literature, ‘Mun-yi-hyung-do(文以形道)’ is notable for being the original vocabulary he proposed. ‘Mun-yi- hyung-do’ means the innate ‘Li’(truth, character) of an object can be shown by intactly embodying the phenomenon and not through notional depiction. To Yi Yi, the landscape became an object in which morality was embodied and ‘observed’. Having enjoyed landscape sightseeing in all his life, Yi Yi left poems about his sightseeing experience, and those reveal the purpose and contents of sightseeing well. The purpose was to find ‘the origin of truthfulness’ and certainly it could not be obtained through a cursory tour. The sightseeing experience required patience and enough time for ‘Li’ to mature. That means to say it was an effort to fulfill oneself by recovering ‘Ya-ki’(night energy) in the time of patience. However, in no single line Yul-gok had directly mentioned his desire to find ‘Li’, rather he chose to speak about the process of accomplishing it in serenely descriptive tone. What he truly pursued in landscape poems was not to discover and fully acquire the innate nature of the earth and sky, but to equally polish up the disposition of individual existence given through the innate nature of each. As he argued in ‘Ki-bal-li-seung-il-do-sul’(氣發理乘一途說), he believed that if the disposition of individualis is realized through landscape, the nature of the earth and sky is acquired itself. The Method and Pursuit to Embody Landscape Sightseeing Experience Revealed in Yul-gok’s Poetry would be more clearly distinguished if compared with other authors of the time.
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5,800원
율곡(栗谷) 이이(李珥: 1536-1584)는 문학과 철학을 겸한 손꼽히는 작가로서, 특히 이기일원론(理 氣一元論)이라는 독자적 이론을 내세운 그의 철학은 문학을 바라보는 시각도 바꾸어 놓아 문학 자 체의 존재 양상과 가치에 주목할 수 있게 하였다. 율곡은 문학론에서, 도(道)와 문(文)을 밀접한 관 계로 인식하고 그 관계를 규정하기 위해 노력하였다. 그는 다양한 용어를 사용하며 도와 문의 관계 를 설명하였는데, 특히 문이형도(文以形道)는 그가 독자적으로 제안한 용어이다. 특히 율곡은 생애의 전 시기에 걸쳐 산수유람을 즐겼던 율곡은 이러한 유람의 체험을 시로 남겼는 데, 그는 유람의 목적을 ‘참됨의 진원’을 찾기 위한 것으로 이는 주마간산 식으로 유람하는 자가 얻 을 수 있는 것이 아니었다. 또 그 과정에서 기다림이 수반되고, 리(理)가 성숙할 시간이 필요했다. 곧 미발의 시간에 야기(夜氣)를 회복하여 스스로를 충만하게 하고자 했던 것이다. 그러나 율곡은 어 느 구절에서도 직접적으로 구도(求道)와 탐리(探理)의 바람을 언급하지는 않았다. 다만 담담한 서 술적 어조로 거기에 이르는 과정을 보여주는 것을 택했을 뿐이다. 곧 율곡이 산수시에서 추구했던 바는 천지자연에 내재한 순선한 본성을 발견하여 그것을 온전히 체득하려던 것이 아니라, 자연에 내재한 본성을 통해 각각의 존재가 다르게 부여받은 기질을 균등한 수준으로 연마하는 것이었음을 알 수 있다. 기발리승일도설(氣發理乘一途說)을 주장한 것과 같이, 그는 천지자연의 이치를 체득하 는 데 있어서도 산수로 인해 개인이 지닌 기가 발발하게 되면, 그 이치는 자연히 따라 갖추어진다고 보았던 것이다. 그러므로 율곡시에 나타난 산수유람 체험의 형상화 방식이 궁극적으로 지향하는 바 는, 자신이 내세운 주기론적이기론(主氣論的理氣論)의 문학적 구현이라고 할 수 있다.
Yul-gok Yi Yi(1536-1584), a leading author proficient in both literary and philosophy of the time, is well known for his intrinsic philosophical ideas based on a theory called “Monistic Ju-ki-ron(主 氣論)” which had extensive impact to shift the viewpoints on the literature to focus on the existential modality and values of literature itself. Yi Yi’s mentions on literature reveals that he had recognized the close correlation between morality(道) and literature(文) and had endeavored to define their relationship. Among the diverse vocabularies that Yulkok made uses of to explain the relationship between morality and literature, ‘Mun-yi-hyung-do(文以形道)’ is notable for being the original vocabulary he proposed. ‘Mun-yi- hyung-do’ means the innate ‘Li’(truth, character) of an object can be shown by intactly embodying the phenomenon and not through notional depiction. To Yi Yi, the landscape became an object in which morality was embodied and ‘observed’. Having enjoyed landscape sightseeing in all his life, Yi Yi left poems about his sightseeing experience, and those reveal the purpose and contents of sightseeing well. The purpose was to find ‘the origin of truthfulness’ and certainly it could not be obtained through a cursory tour. The sightseeing experience required patience and enough time for ‘Li’ to mature. That means to say it was an effort to fulfill oneself by recovering ‘Ya-ki’(night energy) in the time of patience. However, in no single line Yul-gok had directly mentioned his desire to find ‘Li’, rather he chose to speak about the process of accomplishing it in serenely descriptive tone. What he truly pursued in landscape poems was not to discover and fully acquire the innate nature of the earth and sky, but to equally polish up the disposition of individual existence given through the innate nature of each. As he argued in ‘Ki-bal-li-seung-il-do-sul’(氣發理乘一途說), he believed that if the disposition of individualis is realized through landscape, the nature of the earth and sky is acquired itself. The Method and Pursuit to Embody Landscape Sightseeing Experience Revealed in Yul-gok’s Poetry would be more clearly distinguished if compared with other authors of the time.
백곡 김득신 산문의 문체 交織과 회화적 미학 ― 徐庾體적 形似와 문체 운용을 중심으로 ― KCI 등재
동양고전학회 동양고전연구 제101집 2025.12 pp.73-96
...Yu Style (徐庾體), and the practicality of Official Style (Gwangakche)—and strategically interwoven them. For Kim, reading was not mere memorization but a process of internalizing aesthetic capabilities to utilize these stylistic layers as tools of expression. The core aesthetics of Kim’s prose lies in the realization of pictorial quality through the "strategic acceptance of Xu-Yu style verisimilitude (Hyeongsa)." In still-life descriptions such as Baekhwahwon-gi (Record of the Pavilion of a Hundred Flowers) or Hwabyeong-gi (Record of the Painted Screen), he boldly introduced vivid color words and precise parallelism—elements often rejected by Han Yu—to visually color and construct the objects. Furthermore, in landscape descriptions like Songwongubudanguseo (Preface to Sending Off Won-gu to Dangu) or Anheungjinbokpajeong-gi (Record of the Bokpa Pavilion in Anheungjin), he succeeded in transforming static landscapes into dynamic imagery by interrupting the calm narrative flow of Tang-Song Ancient Style and inserting transcendental metaphors of the Xu-Yu style and intense short sentences characteristic of the Qin-Han style. This resulted in completing a three-dimensional text where "Principle (Li)" and "Image (Xiang)" coexist by interweaving sensory images into the dry logic of the Ancient Style. Moreover, Kim’s stylistic management was not a disorderly hybrid but the product of thorough "tuning" based on the distinction between public and private spaces. When writing public documents such as Royal Edicts, he strictly excluded the ornateness of the Xu-Yu style and adhered to the "dignity (Jeonjung)" and "factual recording (Gisil)" spirit of the Official Style to maintain the authority of a scholar-official. Conversely, in private travelogues or prefaces, he projected his suppressed aesthetic consciousness and fully displayed Xu-Yu style techniques. In other words, he was a strategist who knew how to freely change between "official robes" and "casual clothes" depending on the situation and subject, proactively crossing stylistic boundaries for expressive effect while maintaining complete mastery over the rules of composition.
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6,100원
이 글은 조선 후기의 독서광으로 알려진 柏谷金得臣(1604~1684)의 산문 을 대상으로 그가 古文과 騈儷文의 이질적인 문체들을 어떻게 융합하여 독 창적인 ‘회화적 산문’을 구축했는지를 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 기존 연구 가 김득신의 문학 세계를 詩중심으로 다루거나 산문을 당송고문의 범주에 서 파악했던 것과 달리, 본고는 그가 唐宋古文의 논리, 秦漢古文의 氣勢, 徐 庾體의 심미성, 館閣體의 실용성이라는 다양한 문체적 자산을 내면화하고 이를 전략적으로 交織한 문장가였음에 주목하였다. 김득신에게 있어 독서 는 단순한 암기가 아니라, 이러한 다양한 문체층위를 체득하여 표현의 도구 로 삼기 위한 미학적 역량의 내면화 과정이었다. 김득신 산문의 핵심 미학은 ‘서유체적 形似의 전략적 수용’을 통한 회화 성의 구현에 있다. 그는 「백화헌기」나 「화병기」와 같은 靜物묘사에서 韓愈 가 경계했던 화려한 색채어와 정교한 대구를 도입하여 대상을 시각적으로 채색하고 형상화하였다. 또한 「송원구부단구서」나 「안흥진복파정기」와 같 은 山水묘사에서는 당송고문의 차분한 서술 흐름 속에 서유체의 초월적 비유와 진한고문의 응축된 短文을 삽입하여, 정적인 풍경을 역동적인 영상 으로 전환시키는 데 성공하였다. 이는 고문의 건조한 논리 속에 감각적 이 미지를 交織함으로써, ‘이치(理)’와 ‘형상(象)’이 공존하는 입체적인 텍스트를 완성해낸 결과이다. 나아가 김득신의 이러한 문체 운용은 무질서한 혼종이 아니라, 공적 공 간과 사적 공간의 구분에 따른 철저한 ‘조율’의 산물이었다. 그는 공적 문서 인 敎書등을 집필할 때는 관각체의 典重함과 記實정신을 준수하여 서유 체의 화려함을 배제한 반면, 사적 유람기나 서문에서는 억제했던 잠재된 미 의식을 투영시켜 서유체적 기교를 유감없이 발휘하였다. 즉, 그는 상황과 대상에 따라 ‘官服’과 ‘野服’을 자유자재로 갈아입을 줄 알았던 문장가였으 며, 작문의 법도를 장악한 상태에서 표현의 효과를 위해 그 경계를 주체적으로 횡단했던 것이다.
This study aims to examine the prose of Baekgok (柏谷) Kim Deuk-sin (1604– 1684), known as a bibliophile of the late Joseon Dynasty, and to investigate how he constructed a unique "pictorial prose" by fusing the heterogeneous styles of Ancient Style (Gomun) and Parallel Style (Byeonryeomun). Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on Kim’s poetry or categorized his prose merely within the scope of Ancient Style, this paper highlights that he was a stylist who internalized various stylistic assets—the logic of Tang-Song Ancient Style, the spirit of Qin-Han Ancient Style, the aesthetics of Xu-Yu Style (徐庾體), and the practicality of Official Style (Gwangakche)—and strategically interwoven them. For Kim, reading was not mere memorization but a process of internalizing aesthetic capabilities to utilize these stylistic layers as tools of expression. The core aesthetics of Kim’s prose lies in the realization of pictorial quality through the "strategic acceptance of Xu-Yu style verisimilitude (Hyeongsa)." In still-life descriptions such as Baekhwahwon-gi (Record of the Pavilion of a Hundred Flowers) or Hwabyeong-gi (Record of the Painted Screen), he boldly introduced vivid color words and precise parallelism—elements often rejected by Han Yu—to visually color and construct the objects. Furthermore, in landscape descriptions like Songwongubudanguseo (Preface to Sending Off Won-gu to Dangu) or Anheungjinbokpajeong-gi (Record of the Bokpa Pavilion in Anheungjin), he succeeded in transforming static landscapes into dynamic imagery by interrupting the calm narrative flow of Tang-Song Ancient Style and inserting transcendental metaphors of the Xu-Yu style and intense short sentences characteristic of the Qin-Han style. This resulted in completing a three-dimensional text where "Principle (Li)" and "Image (Xiang)" coexist by interweaving sensory images into the dry logic of the Ancient Style. Moreover, Kim’s stylistic management was not a disorderly hybrid but the product of thorough "tuning" based on the distinction between public and private spaces. When writing public documents such as Royal Edicts, he strictly excluded the ornateness of the Xu-Yu style and adhered to the "dignity (Jeonjung)" and "factual recording (Gisil)" spirit of the Official Style to maintain the authority of a scholar-official. Conversely, in private travelogues or prefaces, he projected his suppressed aesthetic consciousness and fully displayed Xu-Yu style techniques. In other words, he was a strategist who knew how to freely change between "official robes" and "casual clothes" depending on the situation and subject, proactively crossing stylistic boundaries for expressive effect while maintaining complete mastery over the rules of composition.
19세기 문인들의 주자 「금률설」에 대한 인식-류휘문ㆍ유중교를 중심으로- KCI 등재
서울대학교 동양음악연구소 동양음악(구 민족음악학) 제57집 2025.06 pp.219-243
...yu Hwi-mun and Yu Jung-gyo not only transcribed Zhu Xi’s Geumnyulseol(琴律說) but also annotated the text and produced diagrams to facilitate its interpretation. Ryu Hwi-mun sought to grasp not only Zhu Xi’s theoretical insights but also the musical developments of Zhu’s own era as they truly were. Rather than offering a critical reinterpretation, he adopted a receptive approach rooted in fidelity to Zhu Xi’s original writings. Yu Jung-gyo, by contrast, deliberately set aside the musical context of Zhu Xi’s time. He interpreted the Geumnyulseol through a critical and philological lens, applying its principles to the construction of actual instruments.
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6,300원
조선시대 문인들은 중국의 고금론을 수용하거나 변용하여 현금론을 전개ㆍ발전시켰지만 금론 을 논함에 있어 주자의 「금률설」을 구체적으로 언급한 경우는 보기 드물다. 그런데 19세기 문인 류 휘문과 유중교는 주자의 「금률설」을 전사하는 데에 그치지 않고 주해를 달거나 도해를 그려 해설하 였다. 류휘문은 「금률설」에 담긴 주자의 이론과 함께 주자 당대의 음악적 변화를 있는 그대로 이해 하고자 했고, 「금률설」을 비판적으로 분석하기보다는 주자 원전에 충실하여 수용하고자 하는 태도 를 보였다. 반면, 유중교는 「금률설」을 비판적으로 해석하여 주자 당대의 음악 풍조는 배제하고 주 자의 정론(正論)만을 수용하고자 했으며, 그 이론을 활용하여 직접 악기를 만들었다.
In 19th-century Joseon, the literati Ryu Hwi-mun and Yu Jung-gyo not only transcribed Zhu Xi’s Geumnyulseol(琴律說) but also annotated the text and produced diagrams to facilitate its interpretation. Ryu Hwi-mun sought to grasp not only Zhu Xi’s theoretical insights but also the musical developments of Zhu’s own era as they truly were. Rather than offering a critical reinterpretation, he adopted a receptive approach rooted in fidelity to Zhu Xi’s original writings. Yu Jung-gyo, by contrast, deliberately set aside the musical context of Zhu Xi’s time. He interpreted the Geumnyulseol through a critical and philological lens, applying its principles to the construction of actual instruments.
여주인공의 욕망과 욕망의 중개자 — 李敬儒의 <蘇凝天을 사랑한 여인>을 중심으로 — KCI 등재
고전문학한문학연구학회 고전과 해석 제41집 2023.12 pp.351-376
...yung-yu(李敬儒, 1750∼1821) and Sammyong-sihwa written by Kang Jun-heum(姜浚欽, 1768∼1833), there’s an unfulfilled love story between Soh and a girl from a rich family in Seoul. The title of the story of translated as “Poetry Dialog between Soh Eung-cheon and a Girl” in Jang Yoo Seung & Bu Yu-sub edition(2020), while it is “The Love of Soh Eung-cheon” in The Society for Korean Literary History edition(2006). The story, however, Soh came to know the counterpart of his poetic conversation at the bamboo forest only after the death of the girl. That’s the reason I titled the story “A Girl who Loved Soh Eung-cheon.” On the other hand, the story in Sammyong-sihwa is the summarized version of that in Changhae-sian. In this paper we set out to explain that the desire of the girl in the story was established in accordance with that of the heroins featured in the genre of chuanqi love story(愛情類 傳奇小說), as the medium of the desire, which relocates the story not just in the literary tradition of poetic anecdotes(shihwa, 詩話) but in the genres of vernacular story(yadam, 野談) and chuanqi.
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6,400원
李敬儒(1750∼1821)의 『滄海詩眼』과 姜浚欽(1768∼1833)의 『三溟詩話』에는 공히 蘇凝天과 어느 서울 富家 處子 사이의 이루어지지 못한 사랑 이야기가 실려 있다. 이 이야기의 제목을 張裕昇·夫裕燮 역(2020)은 <소응천이 여인과 수창하다>로 하였고, 민족문학사연구소 한문분과 옮김(2006)은 <소응천의 사랑>으로 하였다. 그러나 이 이야기에서 蘇凝天은 대나무 숲속에서 詩를 酬唱한 상대가 누구인지 확인할 수 없었고, 또 그 상대가 자신을 사랑한 여인이었다는 사실 또한 그녀가 죽은 뒤에야 알게 되므로, 이 논문에서는 이 이야기의 제목을 <소응천을 사랑한 여인>으로 부르기로 한다. 그런데 『三溟詩話』에 실린 이야기는 『滄海詩眼』의 이야기를 일부 축약하여 轉載한 것이다. 이 논문은 李敬儒의 이 <蘇凝天을 사랑한 여인>의 여주인공의 욕망이, 愛情類 傳奇小說의 여주인공을 욕망의 중개자로 하여 성립된 것임을 구명하고, 아울러 이 작품을 詩話의 관점이 아닌 野談 및 傳奇小說의 관점에서 재조명해보고자 한 것이다.
In Changhae-sian(滄海詩眼) written by Yi Kyung-yu(李敬儒, 1750∼1821) and Sammyong-sihwa written by Kang Jun-heum(姜浚欽, 1768∼1833), there’s an unfulfilled love story between Soh and a girl from a rich family in Seoul. The title of the story of translated as “Poetry Dialog between Soh Eung-cheon and a Girl” in Jang Yoo Seung & Bu Yu-sub edition(2020), while it is “The Love of Soh Eung-cheon” in The Society for Korean Literary History edition(2006). The story, however, Soh came to know the counterpart of his poetic conversation at the bamboo forest only after the death of the girl. That’s the reason I titled the story “A Girl who Loved Soh Eung-cheon.” On the other hand, the story in Sammyong-sihwa is the summarized version of that in Changhae-sian. In this paper we set out to explain that the desire of the girl in the story was established in accordance with that of the heroins featured in the genre of chuanqi love story(愛情類 傳奇小說), as the medium of the desire, which relocates the story not just in the literary tradition of poetic anecdotes(shihwa, 詩話) but in the genres of vernacular story(yadam, 野談) and chuanqi.
『朝鮮館譯語』 齒音分合考 - 第1段ㆍ第3段 漢字의 비교를 통하여 KCI 등재
한국언어연구학회 언어학연구 제26권 1호 2021.04 pp.85-106
...Yu(朝鮮館譯語) which suggests the lexicon of the Chinese language and the third section which records the shēngmǔ(聲母:initial sounds) corresponding with Korean Chinese character sounds as Chinse characters. A diachronic analysis was also conducted regarding the changing relationship of division and combination where the shēngmǔ belonging to the dental sounds were in the process of changing from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese. At the same time, the changing aspects of the yùnwěi(韻 尾:coda consonants) were also taken into the study consideration. Through the research conducted within the scope of this paper, it was confirmed that the zhī mǔ(知母) and the chéng mǔ(澄母) belonging to the shéshàngyīn(舌上 音) group of the ancient Chinese sounds were reverted back to the orthodontic system(正齒音 章系). It was also possible to detect that the devoicing process(淸音化) of the takeum(濁音) in the shēngmǔ. As for the yùnwěi, it was possible to confirm the reverting phenomenon of the yángshēng yùnwěi(陽聲 韻尾) from the /m/ to /n/ through the contents found in Chao Xian Guan Yi.
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5,800원
This paper carries out a comparative research analysis between the first section of Chao Xian Guan Yi Yu(朝鮮館譯語) which suggests the lexicon of the Chinese language and the third section which records the shēngmǔ(聲母:initial sounds) corresponding with Korean Chinese character sounds as Chinse characters. A diachronic analysis was also conducted regarding the changing relationship of division and combination where the shēngmǔ belonging to the dental sounds were in the process of changing from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese. At the same time, the changing aspects of the yùnwěi(韻 尾:coda consonants) were also taken into the study consideration. Through the research conducted within the scope of this paper, it was confirmed that the zhī mǔ(知母) and the chéng mǔ(澄母) belonging to the shéshàngyīn(舌上 音) group of the ancient Chinese sounds were reverted back to the orthodontic system(正齒音 章系). It was also possible to detect that the devoicing process(淸音化) of the takeum(濁音) in the shēngmǔ. As for the yùnwěi, it was possible to confirm the reverting phenomenon of the yángshēng yùnwěi(陽聲 韻尾) from the /m/ to /n/ through the contents found in Chao Xian Guan Yi.
중국 전통 미학을 계승한 번역 철학 : 푸레이(傅雷)와 린위탕(林语堂)의 번역론 비교 KCI 등재
한국통역번역학회 통역과 번역 제18권 3호 2016.12 pp.99-120
...Yu Tang who succeeded to Chinese traditional aesthetics, the doctrine of form and spirit. The analysis revealed similarities and differences of the two scholars in terms of translation methods, definitions of the concepts of form and spirit, relations between form and spirit, and the artistic nature of translation. Fu Lei argued for likeness, which leaned toward spirit focusing on conveying the spirit and thought that run through the whole work. On the other hand, stressing the importance of “what” and “how” the work speaks, Lin Yu Tang maintained that both spirit and form are equally important. Also, regarding the artistic nature of translation, Lin Yu Tang emphasized the subjectivity of translator as an artist, contending that translation is a “production” as an art rather than “reproduction.” On the other hand, Fu Lei put an emphasis on the relatively passive creativity of translator, presupposing that translation is a recreation based on the original work.
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5,800원
This study is a comparative analysis of translation philosophies of Fu Lei and Lin Yu Tang who succeeded to Chinese traditional aesthetics, the doctrine of form and spirit. The analysis revealed similarities and differences of the two scholars in terms of translation methods, definitions of the concepts of form and spirit, relations between form and spirit, and the artistic nature of translation. Fu Lei argued for likeness, which leaned toward spirit focusing on conveying the spirit and thought that run through the whole work. On the other hand, stressing the importance of “what” and “how” the work speaks, Lin Yu Tang maintained that both spirit and form are equally important. Also, regarding the artistic nature of translation, Lin Yu Tang emphasized the subjectivity of translator as an artist, contending that translation is a “production” as an art rather than “reproduction.” On the other hand, Fu Lei put an emphasis on the relatively passive creativity of translator, presupposing that translation is a recreation based on the original work.
『八家手圈』에 보이는 選本上의 특징과 韓愈文의 수용 양상 KCI 등재
열상고전연구회 열상고전연구 제53집 2016.10 pp.221-247
...Yu was that he agreed with Han's view of “writing is for conveying truth” and “respect Confucianism and defeat Buddhism”. Han Yu's essay is considered to be powerful and vigorous by many critics of every dynasty, one important reason is that it employed a lot of Parallelism which enhance the tones and emotions. In Jeongjo's excerpts, this characteristic is well-preserved.
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6,600원
이 글은 正祖가 選集한 『八家手圈』의 選本上에 있어서의 특징과 『八家手圈』에서 韓愈文이 어떻게 수용되고 있는가에 대해 살핀 논문이다. 먼저 중국과 일본에서 唐宋八大家文이 選集되던 상황과 『唐宋八大家文鈔』가 再選되던 상황에 대해 고찰했다. 『八家手圈』의 저본이 된 茅坤의 『唐宋八大家文鈔』가 중국에서 再選集되고 중국은 물론 일본과 조선에서 다양한 唐宋八大家文 選集들이 등장하게 된 일련의 과정에 대해 점검했다. 중국에서는 『唐宋八大家文鈔』가 나온 뒤에 분량이 방대해 읽기 어려운 점을 고려하여 이를 저본으로 삼은 再選集도 등장했는데 이런 再選集의 분위기가 正祖로 하여금 『팔자백선』을 만들게 했던 한 동인이 되었다. 동아시아에 존재하는 어떤 당송팔대가문 선집들과 매우 다르게 『八家手圈』은 節錄이란 편집 방법의 형태로 만들어졌는데 이렇게 할 수 있었던 것은 『四部手圈』의 편집 방법이 절록의 형태를 띠었기 때문이고 『八家手圈』은 그 일부로 만들어졌기 때문이다. 『팔가수권』은 ‘批’, ‘圈’, ‘選’, ‘校’ 등 네 단계를 거쳐 완성되었으며, 그 選集 목적은 부진한 세상을 격려하고 글공부하는 사람들을 위해 짧은 문장으로 간단명료하게 八大家文의 진미를 알 수 있도록 도울 수 있는 책을 만드는 데 있었다. 『팔가수권』의 특징은 節錄의 방법으로 편집하고 있다는 점이다. 正祖가 韓愈文을 선호했던 가장 큰 이유는 한유의 문이재도 문학관과 獨尊儒術의 유교사상에 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 정조가 『팔가수권』에서 한유문을 뽑아 절록할 때 書牘과 贈序에 비중을 두었는데 그 이유는 본래 한유문은 書牘과 贈序가 많은 까닭에서 찾을 수 있었다. 한유문에 드러난 절록 방법상의 특징은 첫째로 문장 안에서 부사절이나 접속사 등을 대거 삭제하는 방법을 통해 인물이 처한 특정한 상황이나 수사적 언어를 일반화시키고 있다는 점이다. 이로 인해 원래 문장이 지니는 의미에서 벗어나는 좋지 못한 결과를 낳고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그 두 번째 특징은 『팔가수권』에서 뽑고 있는 한유문 가운데 길고 화려한 排比句를 선호하고 있다는 점이다. 이를 통해 한유문이 지닌 특성을 잘 살리는 효과를 얻었다.
King Jeongjo, who is considered as one of the most successful and visionary rulers of the Joseon Dynasty, is also well-known for his philomathy and love of literature. He devoted himself to reading large collection of books out of state affairs, and was deeply concerned about the lacking of reading social atmosphere. 『Sabusugwon(四部手圈)』 was developed under this circumstance and was extracted by Jeongjo himself form the books he had read since he was the crown prince. It is composed of four parts, including Gyeong(經, confucian classics), Sa(史, history), Ja(子, philosophy), Jip(集, literature). And as a part of 『Sabusugwon』, 『Palgasugwon(八家手圈)』 contents excerpts of essays written by eight great essayists in Tang Song dynasty. Jeongjo used Maokun(茅坤)'s 『The Prose Selections of Eight Great Essayists in Tang Song Dynasty(唐宋八大家文鈔)』 as original text and considered it would be helpful to write decent articles. The selections of Eight Great Essayists in Tang Song Dynasty was not only wildly-spreading in China but also attached great popularity in Japan. Compared to the situation in Joseon, in Japan Shen Deqian(沈德潛)'s 『Textbook of Eight Great Essayists in Tang Song Dynasty(唐宋八家文讀本)』 produced more lasting influence than Mao Kun's book. The compilation characteristics of 『Palgasugwon』 is that its passages were extracted by Jeongjo according to his own preferences, and thus it indicated his literary idea. According to the ‘Project Schedule(課程日表)’ at the frontispiece of 『Palgasugwon』, the book was carried out in four stages as “Mark(批)”, “Circle(圈)”, “Select(選)”, “Revise(校)”. Due to the limited space, some essay's structure was inevitably truncated. The reason for Jeongjo's giving a high appraisal to Han Yu was that he agreed with Han's view of “writing is for conveying truth” and “respect Confucianism and defeat Buddhism”. Han Yu's essay is considered to be powerful and vigorous by many critics of every dynasty, one important reason is that it employed a lot of Parallelism which enhance the tones and emotions. In Jeongjo's excerpts, this characteristic is well-preserved.
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