Earticle

Heat-carrier heating device is an important part of biomass pyrolysis oil equipment. In particular, the application of vertical heat-carrier heating device can improve the rate of biomass pyrolysis. In this article, we will analyze the vertical carrier heating device based on FLUENT software and model the temperature field and velocity field of hot gas and carrier so as to draw a conclusion that the final temperature of carrier can reach approximately 840K which can meet the biomass pyrolysis process temperature. Meanwhile, the movement of carrier is very smooth without any stoppage thus laying a solid foundation for the improvement and optimization of the device.

In this paper, we designed and analysis the aperture-coupled microstrip array antennas for the short range radar (SRR) system. These antennas can be designed with transmission lines and matching circuits in the same substrate LTCC. We achieved the proper impedance matching throughout the corporate feeding array configurations provides the lossless T-junction. In order to more exactly match in the T-junction, we have added slit in the junction. The return loss of arrays with feed network using T-junction dividers are analyzed using SEMCAD X tool using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to analyze such structures. The radiation patterns of these designed arrays are very simple and high efficiency for the applications in the millimeter-wave. The operating frequency of all our designed antennas is 24 GHz. As a result, this paper is proposed the possibility of prototyping by design of array antennas in the millimeter-wave.

The SRAM (static random access memory) extensively used in computers, embedding hardware, and other digital systems is a main source of power dissipations. In order to reduce the increasing power dissipation of the SRAM, a low-power adiabatic SRAM is introduced. The proposed SRAM is realized by PAL-2N (pass-transistor adiabatic logic with NMOS pull-down configuration) to reduce its dynamic energy consumption. The GLB (gate-length biasing) and DTCMOS (dual-threshold CMOS) techniques are used to reduce its leakage consumption. An improved storage cell is used to reduce the power dissipation of the storage array. The proposed SRAM based on PAL-2N with GLB and DTCMOS techniques is investigated with different source voltages in terms of energy dissipation and maximum operating frequency. All circuits are simulated with HSPICE using SMIC 130nm CMOS technology. The results show that the proposed SRAM attain 80% energy saves compared with the static SARM at 1.2V source voltage. In addition, the simulation results also show that the super-threshold adiabatic SRAM operating in medium strong inversion regions achieves low energy dissipation with reasonable operating speed.

C-B spline can not represent semi-circle and semi-elliptical arcs precisely. This paper will discuss the nature of C-B spline’s and C-Bézier curve’s endpoints. Then, on the basis of the analysis of their characteristics and by means of adding control points to make C-B spline dominate the first and last vertices of the polygon and get tangency with the first and end sides. Thus it has given out the G1 splicing method for C-B spline and C-Bézier curve which can represent the semi-circle arcs and semi-elliptical arcs of C-B spline, hence enhancing the controlling and presenting capacity of C-B spline.

In this paper we have designed an energy efficient multiplier using Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah Vedic technique. Vedic mathematics consists of 16 sutras and these sutras were used by our ancient scholars for doing there calculation faster, when there were no computers and calculators. Nikhilam Navatasaman is a Sanskrit word which menas “all from 9 and the last from 10”. In today’s work the demand is high speed, efficiency and should take lesser time. Appling these Vedic techniques reduces the system complexity, execution time, area, power and is stable and hence is efficient method. In this paper we have designed an energy efficient multiplier that consists of three inputs and one output. The temperature has been kept constant that is 25 degree Celsius. Airflow has been kept 250 LFM and medium Heat sink. IO Standards has been varied in order to achieve an energy efficient device. In this paper we have taken HSTL (High Speed Transceiver Logic) IOSTANDARD. In order to achieve speed and high performance in addition to energy efficiency, HSTL IO standard is used. HSTL family consists of HSTL _I, HSTL_II, HSTL_I_18 and HSTL_II_18, HSTL_I_12 and the analysis has been done on these IO standards. Frequency scaling is one of the best energy efficient techniques for FPGA based VLSI design and is used in this paper. At the end we can conclude that we can conclude that there is 23-40% saving of total power dissipation by using SSTL IO standard at 25 degree Celsius. The main reason for power consumption is leakage power at different IO Standards and at different frequencies. In this research work only FPGA work has been performed not ultra scale FPGA.

This paper introduces PLC control technology and discusses its characteristics with relay control circuit, computer, SCM control technology then it talks about the PLC control system design methods. To use the method in reality, the paper introduces wire grinding machine and wire stripping machine. In the wire grinding machine, the module is single and easier, with principle of how it works, PLC obtains the status of sensors, data such as the diameter value to control the operation of the corresponding parts to form a closed loop between PLC control system, the motor and wire diameter grinding detectors to grind the wire into segments with different diameters. Finally, the paper completes the PLC-based control system design of stripping machine. The system requires nine different ways to meet the processing requirements, the papers designs multifunctional modules to realize the requirements. Both of the two PLC systems operates very well in reality.

This paper is concerned with finite-time chaos control of unified hyperchaotic systems with multiple parameters. Based on the finite-time stability theory in the cascade-connected systems, a nonlinear control law is presented to achieve finite-time chaos control. The controller is simple and easy to be constructed. Simulation results for Lorenz hyperchaotic system, L¨u hyperchaotic system, Chen hyperchaotic system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

A biochip can obtain various types of genetic information over a short period of time and enable genetic analysis. A biochip needs temperature sensors to measure temperature. A resistance temperature detector temperature sensor chip, made of copper using a printed circuit board, was introduced in this study. A printed circuit board is readily usable for copper pattern design for the substrate of a biochip. To measure biochip resistance, we tested whether it was possible to accurately measure the temperature using resistances measured at room temperature and at 55, 72, 85, and 95°C in a water bath. However, in analyzing the results obtained, the printed circuit board based resistance temperature detector sensor was found to be inadequate for use as a biochip temperature sensor, although it showed potential for use as a general-purpose resistance temperature detector sensor.

In view of problems of obtaining and tracking given value of the supply water temperature of secondary network in central heating system, a fuzzy control strategy composed of fuzzy control and fuzzy parameter self-tuning PID in series was proposed. For a specific project, a monitoring and control system formed of wired and wireless network was built to meet the overall monitoring requirement of system. Total scheme of the network structure, control strategies, as well as system configuration and realization methods of the related process were designed. Meanwhile, Simulation experiments on the MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform of the cascade fuzzy controller were also designed in detail. In order to improve reliability and real-time performance of the control, the cascade fuzzy controller was realized on Siemens S7-200PLC. The simulation results and practical effect both show that the cascade fuzzy controller has good dynamic performance and robustness. Design of the monitoring and control system based on control network comprehensively improves the human-computer interaction ability, as well as management and automatic control level.

Nonlinear optical effects in fibers occur via ultrafast Kerr nonlinearity, offers a flexible framework within which numerous signal-processing functions can be accomplished. When high power launched in optical fiber, several nonlinear transmission impairment such as amplitude noise, phase noise, power spectral losses, that degrades the performance of optical communication system. All optical regeneration is one of the solution to mitigate transmission impairments instead of optical to electrical conversion. In this paper, all optical regeneration is demonstrated for 10Gb/s DPSK system using 3R regeneration and Phase sensitive amplification to mitigate amplitude and nonlinear phase noise form 10G noisy DPSK transmission system. Bit error rate of 10-11 is achieved at power penalty of 6 dB. The system is developed and tested using optisystem. The developed all optical regeneration system is very demanding for long distance transmission in high-speed communication systems.

It has been shown in recent research that integrating the JSHOP2 planner with service robot task planning is appropriate and efficient. However, only few researches demonstrate the application of JSHOP2 planner in the problem of multi-tasks planning. The main reason is the environment that a service robot acts in is complex and the existing JSHOP2 planner is unable to adjust tasks’ order. To solve this issue, in this paper, an improved JSHOP2 planner integrated with robot task planning is built. To make the tasks execution sequence more acceptable to users, different priorities are assigned to all the service tasks through comparing the characteristics of the tasks. According to the priority, the improved JSHOP2 planner is built. The simulation results show that the improved JSHOP2 planner is feasible and can improve the intelligence of service robot task planning.

In order to improve the picking efficiency of the automated order picking system based on catapult devices and reduce picking machine’s waiting time caused by sequential order picking strategy, a hybrid picking strategy and its algorithm are proposed in this article. This algorithm conforms to the basic principle that every item does not overlap mutually on the conveyor system. The main step is to preprocess all picking orders. Firstly, non-interference items are selected to fulfill order picking in parallel. In order to reduce the gap caused by the first step on the conveyor system, the remaining items which can be picked precisely in the gap are selected then. In the end, the rest of items are picked based on sequential picking strategy. This hybrid strategy and its algorithm can ensure not only that all picked items are well-organized on the conveyor system, but also that the gap between items is reduced greatly. In the end of this article, the practical business data is applied for simulation analysis for the hybrid picking strategy and the sequential picking strategy. The results prove the hybrid picking strategy can greatly improve the picking efficiency and workload equilibrium of the automated order picking system.

In this paper LVCMOS, HSLVDCI, HSTL, LVDCI_DV2 and SSTL Input/output standard is used for the design of Green Fibonacci generator on 40nm FGPA to generate key for Wi-Fi Protected Access in order to make energy efficient communication. In naming convention of I/O standard, LV is low voltage, HS is high speed, DV2 is half impedance, CMOS is Complementary metal Oxide Semiconductor, DCI is digitally control impedance and SSTL is Stub series Transistor Logic. Here we used two frequencies ranging i.e. 1GHz and 10 GHz. After comparison it is observed that, LVDCI-DC2 is the most energy efficient and SSTL15 is the worst energy efficient on 1GHZ frequency where as SSTL15 and HSTL outperforms better on frequency range 10GHz. There is reduction in I/O power requirement of LVDCI is19.19% as compared to SSTL15 and SSTL15 shows 17.60 % reduction in energy on 10GHz as compared to LVDCI-DC2.

A Novel Two-Phase Brushless Tubular Linear Motor And Its Precise Positioning Control System Are Presented In This Paper. The Magnetic Field Distribution In The Air Gap Of The Linear Motor Is Trapezoidal With Optimization By Halbach Magnet Array, And An Ironless Structure Is Adopted To Eliminate Force Ripples. A Simple And Practical Controller Called Active Disturbance Rejection Controller Is Used To Implement Positioning Control Of The Linear Motor Prototype, Which Is Affected By Parameter Uncertainties And Friction. Simulation And Experimental Results Show That The Position Step Response Is Smooth And Micrometer Positioning Accuracy Is Achieved Without Significant Overshoot Or Oscillation. It Can Be Concluded That The Proposed Linear Motor Is Suitable For Smooth And Precise Linear Motion Applications.

The paper involves discovering how the power dissipation of arithmetic circuits on FPGAs changes with the ambient temperature. We have covered 90nm, 65nm, 45nm, 40nm and 28nm technology based FPGA. The goal of the paper is to analyze the Power dissipation of arithmetic circuits on 23 FPGAs for 4 different temperatures. This has been done by checking the power dissipation of FPGAs by connecting them to XPower Analyzer which is a utility for estimating the power consumption and junction temperature of FPGA devices. The devices were connected to the XPower Analyzer which calculated power dissipation on different temperature as well as the total average power consumption and generated a report. Also the Percentage reduction in power when ambient temperature is scaled down is calculated. We are getting 20-90% reduction in power consumption, when we are using the most energy efficient FPGA available.

This paper introduces the design and analysis of two types of novel inherently compliant actuators. The two actuation systems are characterized by the property that the output apparent stiffness can be varied independently from the position. The two proposed actuators can regulate the stiffness through the adjustable moment arm mechanism with minimum energy consumption. In the first VSA, this behavior is realized by implementing a lever arm mechanism with variable pivot point position. Compared with the existing VSA that based on the lever arm principle, the way of the spring compressed is more convenient to be implemented by using the tendon and pulley mechanism. Furthermore, the kinematic structure for spring compression is more beneficial for dealing with the unexpected dynamic collision situation. The internal elastic elements of the VSA use the fitted quadratic spring, which improve the characteristics of actuating torque and output stiffness. The stiffness regulation of the second VSA is realized by implementing the connecting rod and slider mechanism. This is a equivalent model of the lever arm mechanism with a variable length moment arm. The stiffness of the VSA is only related to the effective working radius for linear spring configuration, but not to the applied external torques or the deflection angle. This feature makes the stiffness control of the VSA more convenient. The working principles of the two actuators are elaborated and the characteristics of torque and stiffness of the VSA are presented. The mechanical solutions of the two actuators are described.

Special Complex non-Gaussian processes may have dynamic operation scenario shifts so that the traditional Outlier detection approaches become ill-suited. This paper proposes a new outlier detection approach based on using subspace learning and Gaussian mixture model(GMM) in energy disaggregation. Locality preserving projections(LPP) of subspace learning can optimally preserve the neighborhood structure, reveal the intrinsic manifold structure of the data and keep outliers far away from the normal sample compared with the principal component analysis (PCA). The results show proposed approach can significantly improve performance of outlier detection in energy disaggregation, increase the fraction true-positive from 93.8% to 97%, decrease the fraction false-positive from 35.48% to 25.8%.

A VMS (Variable Message Signs) has the different sizes and various shapes according to the city scene and the kinds of road and it has to be displayed by variable message on the display device panel in real-time. So, VMS manufacturers must produce the different products each order made. In addition that, they should test and check the correct operation to each VMS order made goods using the variable message frame. That is very time and workers consuming and a VMS emulator with automatic variable message generator system using visualization tool is necessary. In this paper, we implement the visualization tool for the VMS emulator with automatic variable message generator which can generate the data fields that consists of the variable and different message frame and can generate many kinds of window controls in order to in

The short-term load forecasting is an important method for security dispatching and economical operation in electric power system, and its prediction accuracy directly affects the operating reliability of the electric system. So the global optimization ability of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and classification prediction ability of support vector machine (SVM) are combined in order to realize the mutual supplement with each other's advantages in this paper. Firstly, the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the SVM in order to obtain the optimal parameters of the SVM. Then a short-term load forecasting method based on combining the PSO and SVM according to the characteristics and influencing factors of short-term load forecasting is proposed. An actual power system in one region is applied to test and verify the short-term load forecasting method. The results show that the short-term load forecasting method takes on the good convergence and higher prediction precision.

For a playback system of radio broadcasting, the stability and continuity are very important factors. Once occurred some situations, such as audio file error, network and database connections error, broadcasting system software or hardware error, and the virus infections, the output of a playback system may be discontinuous which will make the audience feel uncomfortable. A continuous playback system was designed and implied in this paper, which can ensure continue broadcasting of the audio file while some error happened. The realization of this method is suggested by DirectShow technology.

Avoiding collision is one of the major research fields in mobile robotics. Various researchers around the globe are working on static and dynamic collision avoidance algorithms. One such algorithm is the Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance that deals with multiple robots moving in a joint space without causing collision, that also without communicating and without centralized processing. This algorithm is very effective in handling collision avoidance. However, the problem of deadlock often appears when the robots have to navigate through densely crowded environments in joint space. The aim is to move robots in a small joint space and achieve collision avoidance without facing deadlocks. For this purpose we have extended this protocol into Collaborative Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance to solve the problem of deadlocks. The protocol is inspired from the traffic rules and solves the problem of deadlocks effectively. The protocol was tested upon Player-Stage based simulation where deadlocks were avoided successfully.

The backstepping design method has been used to design the control system of the Bank-to-turn (BTT) missile, which depends on the designer’s personal experience and a large number of complicated iterative calculation, and needs to consume a lot of time throughout the design process. To solve this problem, a missile control system surrogate model is established by using Kriging meta-model. After establishing the surrogate model, the genetic algorithm is applied to the control system optimal solution. The proposed method can obtain a set of control parameters that minimizes the performance function by searching the given control parameters space. The simulation results show that the method can reduce the amount of calculations and achieve the desired control parameters effectively.

Cloud computing implemented in conjunction with next generation communication technologies has brought about many changes in the field that utilizes enormous computing power. Especially in the field of biomedical sciences, the computing environment allows for quick analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data by providing flexible and nearly unlimited computing resources. In cases where data analysis requires huge computing power, large amounts of data should transmit from a local cluster to the cloud via the next generation communication network. However, the limited bandwidth in the network can cause slow transmission speeds and connection delays. These limitations may be a serious obstacle for efficient data analysis. In order to resolve the obstacle, we propose SolidStream, a method that improves the transmission of NGS data to the cloud. The proposed SolidStream adopts a strategy of simultaneously encoding and transmitting NGS data. In SolidStream, NGS data is encoded in blocks, and each block is linked immediately to the transmission stream. Furthermore, SolidStream manages the encode stream and the transmission bandwidth using a linear buffer to improve the throughput. We evaluate the performance of SolidSteam for NGS data encoding and transfer against that of existing algorithms. When compared to gzip compression, SolidStream reduces the time needed for compression and transmission of NGS data to the cloud by a factor of 4. When compared to an NGS compression method, SolidStream reduces the time by a factor of 10. The results of the evaluation indicate that SolidStream enables efficient analysis NGS data in the cloud.

Based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and fuzzy logic control, a control scheme for attitude maneuver control of spacecraft is proposed. In which a maneuver path is planned to reduce overshoot and improve rapidity, and an extended state observer is designed to cope with unknown disturbances and parameter uncertainties. Furthermore, in order to improve dynamic performance of the control system, the gains of the nonlinear feedback control law are adjusted by fuzzy control online. Simulation results have convincingly demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.

Aiming at the grid-connected problems of the double-fed induction generator (DFIG), this paper researches the control technology of the rotor excitation and the pitch angle and proposes a grid-connected DFIG joint optimization control strategy of the rotor excitation and the pitch angle based on the structure decentralized theory, and establishes the joint optimization model of the grid-connected DFIG. On the basis of the model, the rotor excitation current adaptive terminal sliding mode controller and the pitch angle controller are designed. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can achieve an effective control of the DFIG’s power angle and the DFIG’s rotor flux and reduce the adverse effects of the power angle when the double-fed wind generator and synchronous generator (SG) are in parallel operation. The algorithm given by this article not only improves the system's ability to resist external disturbances, but also enhances the transient stability of the power system. It has important actual significance and practical application value.

The scalability performance of the traditional evolutionary algorithms (EAs) deteriorates rapidly as the dimensionality of the optimization problems increases. Therefore, cooperative coevolutionary (CC) framework is proposed to overcome the defect. Different from existing CC algorithms, a novel self-adaptive based cooperative coevolutionary (SaCC) algorithm is presented in this paper. The SaCC employs three algorithms which with self-adaptive mechanism as sub-algorithms. The focus of this paper is on investigating two different cooperative coevolutionary manners. In the first manner, SaCC executes its sub-algorithms in parallel during evolve process and the corresponding algorithm is termed as SaCC-M1. In the second manner, SaCC executes its sub-algorithms in serial and the corresponding algorithm is termed as SaCC-M2. 26 test functions with 1000 dimensionalities are employed to verify the validity of SaCC-M1 and SaCC-M2. Experiment results demonstrate that SaCC-M2 outperforms its sub-algorithms and SaCC-M1. Besides, the results indicate that serial manner is another simple yet efficient manner for CC algorithms to solve large-scale global optimization problems.

This paper proposes a multiple model adaptive control method of wind turbine active power that considers the complexity of the control model, nonlinear and strong coupling. The model is designed to reduce the negative influences of wind turbines in the process of active power control caused by different uncertain factors. We first build the multiple model of turbine operating by using subtracting cluster algorithm， based on data of a 1.5MW doubly-fed inductor generators (DFIGs) in a wind farm in Gansu, China. We use recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm to identify local model parameters. In addition， the controller is designed by adopting online optimal control model which based on a weighted index of output matching switching strategy. The controller is to realize multi-model adaptive control (MMAC). Results show that the proposed method has good control performance. The method can effectively solve the problems of wind turbines nonlinear modeling and active power control in operation.

More and more popular electric vehicles are excellent application platforms for steer-by-wire (SBW) system. Handling stabilities and active safety are greatly improved when SBW is adopted in electric vehicle. The proposed new architecture of SBW electric vehicle is introduced, its dynamics model is built after the principle and structure. The algorithm achieves the yaw motion of electric vehicle by the feedback of both yaw rate and front steering angle. The coordination of these actuators is achieved through the controller of the feedback gains with respect to electric vehicle speed. The gain scheduled steering controller provides the desired yaw rate damping while keeping the yaw-lateral motion decoupled. The simulation test results show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and steering control system when the SBW electric vehicle is subject to critical driving situations.

This paper discusses a new method of HIMM for the target tracking problem. This new method is a combination of the H∞ filter and the interactive multiple model (IMM) algorithm. The sub-filters of IMM algorithm are based on Kalman filter, in which the noise statistical characteristic should been known exactly, and in fact we only can get its approximatively models that worsen the performance of IMM algorithm. However, H∞ filter is not need to carry on any supposition to the noise statistical property, which is not sensitive to the noise, and has robustness to the uncertainty of noise. A meaningful example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the authors’ method, the performances of IMM and HIMM in terms of stability, tracking accuracy and robustness are compared. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying the HIMM algorithm on the target tracking problem, which in the past have typically been solved by Kalman filters.

As for multi-uninhabited aerial vehicle cooperative fire fighting problem, a multi-uninhabited aerial vehicle cooperative control method was proposed based on consensus algorithm. multi-uninhabited aerial vehicle cooperative control problem was divided into two steps: 1) a multi-uninhabited aerial vehicle arrival simultaneous control strategy under influence of wind field based on consensus algorithm was presented, which achieves the target of multi-uninhabited aerial vehicle arrival simultaneous at fire front and scattered around the fire front, and prepared for cooperative fire fighting; 2) Applying consensus algorithm, cooperative tracking of the designed uninhabited aerial vehicle motional orbit, and fighting fire from outside to inside to avoid recrudescence. In the process of multi-uninhabited aerial vehicle tracking fire front and fire fighting, both step considered the influence of wind, achieved multi-UAV fighting fire simultaneous, shortened fire fighting time to decreased fire loss to minimum. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method could achieve target of multi-uninhabited aerial vehicle fire fighting effectively.