Earticle

With the development of the power industry, people's demand for electricity is growing, there is a contradiction between the current power resources and user demand for electricity, the main reason is that the substation operation there are some problems, causing power resources hard work. Relay system has excellent features, it is effective and safe protection measures, it can not only reduce the time the error was found, but also narrow the scope of failure, to ensure the normal operation of the other components. The article first analyzes the role, composition, requirements of relay protection, and then analyzes the fault analysis of power system protection and treatment measures; the final analyzes the question of the relay protection substation operation. Substation operation on problems and shortcomings of relay protection were discussed, and put forward some countermeasures on how to improve relay protection. Relay protection device may shorten the time of cutting equipment, reduce the probability of non-faulty devices removed, and alert information via automation. Because of this strong utilization, deterministic, high reliability, it has become the most effective measures of relay protection. Modern technology can not do without electricity, people's social life is inseparable from power, and so strong relay protection system has become increasingly a major problem.

In this paper, we proposed a model-following controller for single-input-single-output (SISO) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This control system does not include plant parameters, and thus is designed using normalized plant. Moreover, we propose a design method of the normalized plant for the controlled plant with zero. And furthermore, we propose a design method for model-following controllers, which can easily decouple for MIMO systems. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to plant parameter variations and external disturbances.

The wind Storage Power Generation System can not only smooth output fluctuation and improve the quality of electric energy , but also can be used as standby power of black start, the research direction is a new way to realize power grid black start. During the process of black start, the wind storage system has characteristics of output fluctuation and small system stable different from other controllable starting power. According to wind speed, load, storage energy data ,the paper gives the criterion of black start implementation , through the control strategy of wind storage .the paper study the stability of the isolated system and black start system, and the proposed theory is verified. combined with the simulation example.

The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the mismatch points of image registration. Analyzing the SIFT algorithm and finding mismatch source, according to the source to develop solutions to eliminate the error matching points. And compared with the traditional SIFT registration results. In this paper, firstly do initial matching with SIFT algorithm, then use the feature of key points in spatial domain to eliminate the error matching, Finally, using RANSAC algorithm to do the final debugging. Experimental results show that the improved SIFT algorithm can better eliminate mismatch points.

Medium or large sized airports that can serve increasing number of airlines and passengers from all over the world have been expanding. As a result, the amount of baggage processed at an airport has also been increasing. Therefore, for fast and reliable handling of baggage, the importance of Baggage Handling System has gradually increased. A checked-in bag is top-loaded on a conveyor belt to a high-speed tray for high-speed processing. Before being top-loaded, the bag may be unstably positioned, dropped, or double loaded on a tray in various situations. Baggage Position Control System in an airport controls a position of the bag just before top-loading to solve problems. In this paper, we discussed the methods that distinguish whether baggage be adjacent to another and that decide the arrangement types to be able to process unstable baggage in the control part of Baggage Position Control System.

There has been a recent increase in the interest in Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for mobile device applications. It has become necessary to analyze the interference between WPT devices and other wireless devices for the efficient use of frequency resources. In this paper, the impact of the 3rd order harmonics of the wireless charger for cellular phones on the existing radio modem was analyzed by using Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) method and Monte Carlo (MC) method. As a result, the protection distance and the allowable number of interferents on the basis of service radius were obtained to protect the Radio Modem from the interference of wireless charger for cellular phone.

In order to find out the essence of sticking for drilling rod applied on underground of coal mine under geological condition of gas outburst, 3D model for a kind of hydraulic drill machine is built, and the kinematical simulation for it is done to test the validity of its 3D model. Besides, finite element analysis for drilling rod used in the drill machine is accomplished simulating geological condition of gas outburst and other actual working conditions, finally the results show that sticking for drilling rod likely happens in the middle of the drilling rod.

This paper proposes a novel methodology for AMS SoC formal verification based on Hybrid Scheme combined with symbolic computing and LHPN model, FV-HS. The paper is concerned with a class of AMS designs, continuous-time AMS designs i.e., tunnel diode oscillator for research target. Firstly, Labeled Hybrid Petri Net model is established for safety property verification of tunnel diode oscillator, then mathematical expression for this model is extracted for efficiency enhancement, and then proof policy built in computer algebra Maple is applied to the corresponding LHPN model for tunnel diode oscillator to verify the property. The proposed method is implemented on tunnel diode oscillator and experiment results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over previous method. The proposed method overcomes the drawbacks of LHPN, makes full use of the merits of LHPN and symbolic computing, simplifies the workflow of algorithm and enhances the efficiency.

Load balancing is an important part of grid scheduling systems which aims to utilize dynamic and decentralized grid resources without any overcapacity happening at any resources. Load balancing is being considered as an important phase for distributed computing environments. In large scale distributed systems such as grid/cloud computing, it is necessary to use a distributed load balancing system in job scheduling system. Distributed load balancing was identified as a major concern to allow grid computing to scale up the job scheduling. Many algorithms had been proposed for finding the solution of load balancing problem in these fields. But very few algorithms are proposed for distributed load balancing in grid computing environments. In this paper, we have developed an adaptable artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for dynamic dividing and scheduling jobs via decentralized schedulers. The proposed method significantly enhances the load balance on the resources. Besides, this method does not need primary information about the capacity and power of the resources which is compatible with the variable and heterogeneous nature of decentralized scheduling. The proposed method is compared with the cuckoo based scheduling algorithm and OSL decentralized scheduling method. The results of the simulations revealed that the proposed method is significantly better than the OSL method. It also outperforms the cuckoo based scheduling algorithm in most of simulations.

A modified method for ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) is studied in this paper. Mutual information is applied to the algorithm, and the decomposition effect is improved. Two white noises with opposite signs are added to the original signal, and the mode mixing problem is inhibitted. False IMFs are eliminated by the mutual information operation after average calculating procedure is processed. The available intrinsic mode functions are retained by comparing the mutual information with the threshold. Simulated analysis illustrates that the modified algorithm has better decomposition effect. The new algorithm has been used to fault diagnosis for the rolling bearing, and the decomposition results are shown. To the vibration signal, the envelope spectrums for two different algorithms are given. The detailed analysis is carried out. Experiment results show that the modified algorithm has better performance, and the decomposition effect is optimal.

The related theories and technologies on sensor networks are a hot research field. Due to great uncertainties existed in its data processing, multiple target tracking (MTT) has become a difficult problem in distributed sensor networks (DNWs). Hence, this paper mainly studies the uncertainty problems on MTT in the framework of DNW systems by using the fuzzy theory. According to its model structure, a DNW system can be divided into three layers according to its model structure: the data capture layer, data processing layer and data analysis layer. Based on data processing in different layers, the MTT process can be classified as three phrases: data association/fusion of measurement-measurement/sensor track, sensor track-local track, and local track-global track. It presents a complete procedure of data processing on MTT in a real tracking system. Then, the uncertainty problems on MTT are classified. After analyzing data characteristics, one can utilize the fuzzy information processing technology to solve these problems. Finally, the difficulties on MTT in real tracking systems are summarized.

The analysis of pesticide residues in food has become, very important in recent years because of the damage they may cause in human health. The analysis of residues requires, different equipment and software for the study, characterization, identification and quantification of these chemicals. However not always the desired parameters according to the method implemented are obtained, so the estimation of these is an optimal solution, considering the short runtime. Parameter estimation, is a tool used heavily in different fields and applications, in order to obtain, an unknown value from variables related. Estimating pesticide retention times Carbamates, by a trained neural network by the method of particle swarm, is presented in this work. The data for network training were acquired through a study of levels of pesticide residues present in samples of kidney tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).

This paper researches fault diagnosis and dynamic fault-tolerant control methods for a class of discrete system with measurement noises and multiple transfer/measurement delays. Different from the existing results which regard the transfer delays at the two ends of systems as an input delay, this paper simultaneously considers the transfer delays in input and output ends of systems. Different from the existing fault-tolerant control methods which don’t consider and use the prior knowledge for faults, this paper considers the fault tolerant control approach by using the prior knowledge for faults. Furthermore, a dynamic fault-tolerant controller is derived which is composed of two compensators. Then, in order to solve the physically unrealizable problem of fault-tolerant controller, a reconstruction method is proposed to diagnose fault and reconstruct system information by structuring a servo fault estimator. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

In this paper, the changes of electrical signal in Aloe vera L. under three damage conditions of smoking, burning and broken branches were analyzed through the wavelet soft-threshold de-noising and power spectrum method. The results showed that these methods were feasible, the electrical signal in Aloe vera L. was the low-frequency signal less than 1Hz and its amplitude was the μV level. The study also found that the changes of amplitude and power spectrum distribution of the electrical signal in Aloe vera L. under smoking condition were small, while the amplitude of the electrical signal was increased clearly and power spectrum distribution of the electrical signal shifted to high-frequency region under burning and broken branches conditions. The power spectrum edge frequency (SEF), spectrum center frequency (SCF) and power spectral entropy (PSE) were defined in order to describe the changes of power spectrum in plant signal. The changes of SEF, SCF, and PSE of power spectrum in Aloe vera L. electrical signal under the conditions of smoke, burning and broken branches were analyzed. It was showed that the SEF, SCF, and PSE of power spectrum could be used to real-time detect responses of plants to environmental stress.

Cognitive radio network was proposed to use the spectrum resource more efficiently. In a multichannel ad-hoc cognitive radio network, there is no central station and requires distributed channel scheduling. An important requirement of the cognitive radio network is to avoid interference to primary networks. In this paper, the authors propose the distributed packet scheduling scheme for ad-hoc multichannel cognitive radio networks. Each secondary user calculates independently its own priority with probabilistic manner and selects one of multi channels considering the primary user’s traffic pattern to minimize interference to the primary networks.

The important indicators of multichannel ultrasonic ranging system are correlation characteristics and energy efficiency. The excitation sequences with good correlation characteristics can help avoid crosstalk among multichannel ultrasonic sensors. High energy efficiency can enhance measurement range. This paper proposes a crosstalk elimination method by using the optimal binary excitation sequences modulated with chaotic codes, which include chaotic binary amplitude shift keying (c-BASK), chaotic binary phase shift keying (c-BPSK) and chaotic binary frequency shift keying (c-BFSK). To obtain the both best correlation characteristics and energy efficiency, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is applied to optimize the chaotic binary excitation sequences. Real experiments have been conducted using an ultrasonic ranging system that consists of eight-channel SensComp 600 series instrument-grade electrostatic sensors excited with chaotic binary modulation sequences. The experimental results show that the c-BFSK outperforms the c-BASK and c-BPSK in terms of the correlation characteristics and energy efficiency. With 2 ms c-BFSK excitation sequences, the longest measurable distance was 720 cm (i.e., increased 11% and 27% with c-BPSK and c-BASK, respectively) with maximal relative error 2.4%.

Recently, many industrial instruments faced the problem of protocol compatibility with the external monitoring and control system. This is due to different environments, field bus devices and protocols. Therefore, it needs to deal with the problem on how to communicate with each other between different protocols. For this purpose, this study is implemented in the main control board and sub-communication board to support the industrial communication protocol conversion. The sub-communication board is designed to ensure the communication connection of CAN bus and Ethernet. The ATmega 2560 microcontroller is used as the processor of the main control board and 4 RS485 serial slots for sub-board are placed too. One of those is used to communicate CAN bus and Ethernet. The sub-communication board is consisted of the ATmega 128 microcontroller, CAN Transceiver and Ethernet connecter. The performance test results have successfully showed the transmission and conversion.

Dispersive characteristics of in-plane waves propagating vertically through one-dimensional elastic/piezoelectric phononic crystal with initial stresses are studied in this paper. Firstly, in-plane waves are studied in this paper. In-plane waves are coupled by P-wave (or primary wave) and SV-wave (Secondary wave in the vertical plane). Secondly, the transfer matrix method is used to derive the dispersion equations. The solving process is as follow. The state vectors on both sides of the sub-layer in a unit cell are connected by a matrix, and those on both sides of the interface between the adjacent sub-layers are connected by an identical matrix. Thus, a matrix connecting the state vectors of both sides of the unit cell can be gotten, and the dispersion equation will be derived with the Bloch Theory. Finally, the effect of the initial stresses is considered. For in-plane waves both the normal initial stresses and the shear initial stresses are taken effect. So they are calculated respectively in this paper.

High-voltage vacuum circuit breakers are intended for breaking the short-circuit current, and the breaking capacity is the major performance indicator. In the paper， the Weil synthetic circuit was built, and by using unit testing method and referring to standard GB/T 1984-2014, the breaking capacity of 126kV/2500A/40kA double-break vacuum circuit breaker developed by Central Research Institute of Tianjin Benefo Machinery Equipment Group Co., LTD was tested. Result showed that this vacuum circuit break can meet the breaking capacity requirement for grid integration

This paper describes the design of model based retarder ECU (Electronic Control Unit) software which is first developed in Korea in order to apply the commercial vehicle. The ECU of retarder system has a specific control function regarding manual braking mode and automatic braking mode to optimize the braking performance of retarder system. Manual braking mode is separated into mode 1, mode 2, and mode 3 in relation to the maximum braking torque by retarder lever selection of driver. Automatic braking mode is operated by driver’s speed limitation set and the vehicle speed is kept by automatic braking control in downhill. According to the result of braking performance test through SILS (Software In the Loop Simulation) and vehicle test, it was evaluated that the ECU software was optimized for retarder system and there was no issue on the design method of model based software. This study was performed under supporting by Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and KIAT in Korea.

Guaranteed cost reliable controller for T-S uncertain time-delay systems with actuator failure is studied in this paper. For a class of time-delay systems with norm bounded uncertainties, the sufficient existence condition of guaranteed cost reliable controller is deduced with the theory of Lyapunov and linear matrix inequality. Meanwhile, singular value decomposition is used to construct the design method of the controller. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the steps and method of the theories proposed in the paper, also show the correctness of the theories.

In this paper, a new rational approximation method for fractional-order differentiator sα and integrator s-α ( 0 < α <1) is presented. The method is based on the joint optimal rational approximation definition in the given frequency range and the error. First, a definition of joint optimal rational approximation is proposed and the constructing steps of the fractional-order integrator are discussed. Then the approximation algorithm of fractional-order integrator based on the joint optimal rational approximation definition is given. The construction steps of fractional-order integrator are explained by an illustrative example. Finally, the performance comparison result among the proposed approximation model, the Oustaloup’s method and the best rational approximation method shows that the amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic of the joint optimal rational approximation method are better than the Oustaloup’s method and the best rational approximation method. And the proposed model has higher approximation precision.

Reconstruction models extracted from industrial computed tomography data may contain holes. A novel smooth hole-filling method is proposed. Firstly, we fill the holes by the minimum area triangulation, and then use refinement and edge swap principle to refine the obtained patch meshes. Finally, we compute vertex normal vector based on a mean filtering for weighted averaging face normals, the vertex is regulated in the new vertex direction by the mean curvature method. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can approximate the original missing meshes and smooth transition with the surrounding meshes.

This paper proposes a novel distance calibration and gray-level image generation method for the SR4500 Time of Flight (ToF) camera. For the distance measurement, the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model is proposed to calibrate the range error. With this model, fewer parameters need to be estimated and the model complexity is reduced. In order to eliminate the error data caused by the object edge, the distance threshold which determined by the range data of the current pixel is selected to remove the mixed pixel. To acquire gray-level images from the amplitude data, the amplitude histogram is used to select the amplitude threshold of the reflected light, and grayscale images can be generated through normalizing the amplitude value with this threshold. The experiment results illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Electromagnetic system (EMS) is the important part of automobile electromagnetic relay (EMR). A new approach integrating advantages of magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method and finite element method (FEM) was proposed to quickly calculate the dynamic characteristics of EMS. The approach is applied in dynamic modeling, design refinement and performance optimization, where repetitive calculation of electromagnetic character is needed. Taking increasing the contacts’ breaking velocity and decreasing closing velocity as goals, the EMS was optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the results indicate the feasibility of the approach.

A system for a real-time estimation of vehicle accident potential damages is proposed with the aim of facilitating autonomous vehicle's embedded computer system to come to the least harmful possible decision if it realizes that an accident is unavoidable. The system analyzes all the possible crashes so the autonomous vehicle will make a decision what the least destructive option is.

As a kind of vehicle, mechanical structure and the site operation of bridge cranes are relatively simple, it is widely used in industrial applications, such as production workshop and cargo handling field. This paper takes the bridge crane in copper electrolysis workshop as an example, high control performance of their job requirements is analyzed, and active anti-sway motion control system of bridge crane is designed. This paper proposes a bridge crane positioning sliding surface structure control as anti-sway control method, combined with the model and the nonlinear sliding mode control characteristics, a pure mathematical calculation is designed controller for multi-input and multi-output controller. It is difficult to determine the design parameters of sliding mode, then put forward the parameters optimization of sliding mode using genetic algorithm, and verified the validity of the proposed method, at the same time, it is possible to apply sliding mode control anti-sway method for industrial crane. The MATLAB results show that the scheme has good control effect, and is an ideal control method.

The aim of this paper is to propose a new multi-sensor target recognition method base on relative entropy evaluation theory. There are several influencing factors in the target recognition problem, which needs several sensors to work together. Then the multi-sensor target recognition problem can be regarded as a multi-attribute decision making problem. Relative entropy measure can depict the closeness of the two systems, and then this paper will use it to develop an improved TOPSIS method for the multi-sensor target recognition problem. A new characteristic index weights method is proposed, which can avoid the subjectivity of the weight of characteristic indexes. Finally, an application example is used to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.