Earticle

The effects of the variation degree of residual dispersion per span (RDPS) random variables on the compensation characteristics of the distorted signals in optical links with the dispersion management (DM) and the mid-way optical phase conjugator (OPC) are investigated in this paper. In order to obtain this goal, the effective launch power range and the effective net residual dispersion (NRD) range are induced as a function of the variation degree of RDPS random variables. We confirm that it is needed to select the RDPS random variables of the narrow deviation in each fiber spans for implementing the flexible optical links transmitting the relative higher launch power. Also, we confirmed that it is more advantageous to use postcompensation rather than precompensation for expanding the effective NRD range.

In the telecom core network, one of the challenges is the unpredictable mass calling events, which suspend the switch operation because of over-loading function, in some worst case, even crash the local network. Overload Control Module, with a set of well-tuned thresholds, is the key point for Media Gateway Controller to survive under unpredictable mass calling events. In this paper, we propose a scheme to efficiently get a set of well- tuned thresholds. We did the experiments and provided the analysis, in order to verify our scheme and make it work well under different platforms.

The methods of the fault diagnosis and degradations used in the different industrial sectors are various and consider the specifity of the materials forming their industrial processes. For some relatively simple processes, the relations between the causes and their effects are Biunivocal and the diagnosis with reverse reasoning is easy. Contrarily for the complexes processes, the situation is slightly different and is impossible to precede a deductive reasoning. The diagnosis is therefore only possible by using a different and a complementary knowledge. The sensitivity method for the detection and localization of the linear system defects is used in this paper.

This study proposes BEE (Being Experience Event) approach as a feasible solution to the data sharing problem in e-Government environment. The proposed approach provides criteria for categorizing entities into three different layers and procedures that are required to achieve the goal of data sharing during data modeling process. The data model built based on the BEE approach helps achieve the goals of data sharing in an environment where multiple concept domains are present.

The present study proposes a failure safety method for an electric motorcycle according to the battery’s state-of-charge (SOC) condition. We have reliably modeled an electric motorcycle by Model Based Design (MBD) using the Automotive Simulation Models (ASM) program. The Li-ion battery used in this model could have a serious problem if it discharges to 10% of the SOC. Therefore, the power supply should be limited before the SOC reaches the minimum level. At this time, the logic used to control the power of the electric motorcycle affects the driving distance and time. Various types of control logic are simulated to determine the optimum control logic. Accordingly, we propose a suitable failure safety logic that achieves good driving distance and time as well as better dynamic characteristics

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), barrier deploy is a hot topics. Barrier deploy for dynamic area is mobility and unsure. It is a important issue that sensors form an effective barrier. In this paper, we describe the problem of barrier deploy for dynamic area, define performance evaluation indexes of barrier deploy. A moved Barrier Deployment Algorithm based on swarm Intelligence of artificial fish swarm algorithm is developed. sensors can quickly find the border of the target area so as to form a closed barrier and response of the change of the target area. Through comparative simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective for forming a barrier of dynamic area and it is little time delay and low energy cost.

GPS-based location estimation systems are the optimum way to track where an object is in an outdoor environment. However, location errors occur when signals transmitted by GPS satellites are interfered with by buildings or other obstacles, since the location tracking system uses these signals. To modify the positional errors incurred by GPS signal interference, this study proposes a measure to minimize the errors of GPS-based location estimation systems in NLOS environments. In this system, location errors are reduced by organizing the screen coordinates with collected image data, establishing an environment favorable for the application of visual information to the screen coordinate system. This data is then applied using perspective projection formulas, substituting the actual GPS data to the divided screen. When tracking a person located at the base of a building, the error range was reduced by around5m when using the proposed system as compared to GPS signals alone.

Wireless Sensor networks require a routing protocol that could efficiently use inherent limited energy resource of sensor nodes. All sensor nodes first sense data in many-to-one sensor network, and transmit it directly to the sink through multi-hop transmission. Since this method transmits data through a specific path within network, the nodes in the corresponding path use energy faster than other nodes and the hole problems are generated within the network. Therefore, we suggests a routing protocol to ease routing hole problems that could occur due to intensive energy consumption of a specific path during the transmission of sensed data from a sensor node to neighbor nodes. The proposed routing protocol enhanced energy efficiency of all nodes in a network by inducing data transmission from the source to a sink through different pathways. In the proposed protocol, a next hop was decided based on (m,k)-firm scheduling technique, energy expenditure in each node, and transmission delay among nodes. Performance evaluation through simulations verified improved performance of the proposed protocol compare to conventional routing protocols.

Three-phase bearingless induction motor is a multi-variable, nonlinear and strong coupling object, to achieve its high performance control, the dynamic mathematical models was analyzed firstly. According to the derived mathematical model, the reversibility of bearingless induction motor system was discussed, and the dynamic mathematical models of inverse system were derived. Then, based on the inverse system method, the dynamic decoupling control strategy of three-phase bearingless induction motor was researched, and the dynamic decoupling control system was build. Simulation results show that the dynamic decoupling control has been achieved between motor speed, rotor flux linkage and two radial displacement components, and the control system has higher dynamic and static performance; the presented decoupling control method is effective and feasible.

Since all transmitting stations in the range share the wireless channel, the IEEE 802.11 MAC uses the Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm to minimize collision. The BEB technique resets the Contention Window values after each successful frame transmission regardless of the network state, and a sudden CW decrease incurs performance degradation as the number of competing stations increases. To resolve this problem, we propose a new algorithm that adjusts CW values using (m,k)-firm scheduling technique. The proposed algorithm changes CW using the violating distance instead of resetting the CW to minimum value after every successful transmission. The performance results are shown to identify the improvement of our scheme in terms of waiting time comparing to the BEB.

In this paper, we analysis a short-term probability distribution of steady-state traffic flow that are based on field observations and establish a cellular traffic simulation model conforming to the reality, propose a model based on measured data fitting and the model is suitable for the short section traffic of microscopic traffic simulation. simulating with the traditional method and comparing with the measured data ,the model obtains a good effect.

GPS is a satellite-based navigation system capable of precise positioning. GPS can be applied to various areas such as setup of international terrestrial reference frame, earth axis’ rotation coefficient determination, earthquake and crustal movements sensing, etc. But to gain precise results through GPS data processing, comprehensive expertise and a lot of time are necessary to determine parameters for processing and professional software usage, etc. Therefore, this research tried to develop a professional positioning system capable of easy and precise positioning for nonprofessionals. In this research, we developed a specialized precise positioning system where GPS data are fed for automatic data processing and results based on the web. Also we compared the system developed herein with other existing positioning processes to explore system application.

A compound control method of sliding-model variable structure and fractional order PIλDμ(SMC-FOPID) is proposed based on such factors as strong nonlinearity, time-varying parameters, disturbance, time delay, as well as the rapidity of a working clutch system in the process of automated manual transmission (AMT) clutch control. The self-tuning of the composite weight coefficient is realized by the fuzzy inference algorithm with single input and output. The coordinated control of the SMC-FOPID is realized through the real-time adjustment of the composite weight coefficient. The control performances of proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fractional order PIλDμ (FOPID), sliding-model variable structure control (SMC), and SMC-FOPID were compared based on the performance index integral of time multiplied by absolute value of error (ITAE) to study the position tracking of an AMT clutch in the working process. The simulation result showed that the SMC-FOPID control method had higher synthetic control performance compared with the PID, FOPID, and SMC control methods. The feasibility and superiority of the position tracking of an AMT clutch with an SMC-FOPID controller were verified.

The traditional pattern design methods used in the apparel industry basically relies on designers’ experience, which leads to the inefficiency of clothing production. In order to solve the problem, a pattern automatic generation process for men’s trousers is studied in this paper. According to the generation rules, the pattern will be automatically generated from the body measurements and the style design parameters; therefore, it will fit the customer’s body as well as meet the needs of design.

In this paper, it was supposed to current mode design included to required current of ideal LED, through asymptotic method for LED driving. LED`s current characteristic has exponential function, and implementation of driving circuit exists problems. However, it can be designed to linear current source through asymptotic method for ideal required current Proposed LED driving circuits was confirmed the linearity to switched input constant current sources, and driving circuits was designed to satisfy the LED current requirement. Proposed circuit has LSB corresponding to 800μA in 9.6um width and confirmed by Dong-Bu 0.35um CMOS process.

In order to meet the high cutting rate and high surface quality requirement, put forward the fuzzy control, on-line adjusting the cutting feed rate method to realize a constant force in CNC high speed milling. The input variables of a fuzzy controller are the difference between the reference forces and the actual cutting forces and the change rate of the deviation, after fuzzification, fuzzy inference and defuzzification, the output variable is the change of per tooth feed. The control strategy of on-line adjusting fuzzy rules and on-line self-adaptiving the output scaling factor is used in a fuzzy controller. The CNC high speed milling process model is established by 3-3-5-1 type BP neural network, and the input variables are cutting parameters, and the output variable is the actual cutting forces. Combining the fuzzy controller and the BP neural network, high speed milling constant force control model is constructed. By simulation and practical verification, metal removal rate is increased significantly, and the surface quality is improved substantially.

This paper studies on path optimizing of electric vehicles. By analyzing the problem of path optimizing, this paper establishes a multi-objective programming with two objects: the shortest total distance and the largest remaining power after arriving destination. This mode is resolved with linear weighted sum method. We can analyze charging stations layout by acquiring charging times of each charging station and bypass distance of each charging. Through analysis of above statistics, this paper concludes that the layout of charging stations in Beijing is not reasonable, because charging stations are not equally distributed.

This paper proposes a virtual eco-driving simulator for providing efficient driving style training for drivers and non-drivers. The proposed system aims at improving fuel efficiency and reducing the wear of consumables based on visual and auditory feedback. For driver and non-driver participants in the experiment, we measured fuel economies and levels of consumable wear according to 3 types of feedback (no feedback, visual feedback, visual and auditory feedback). The experimental results confirm that drivers and non-drivers were able to achieve higher fuel economy and reduce consumable wear when they received feedback from the proposed system compared to driving without feedback.

For solving the rotation error problem of the shafting, a three-dimensional motion model was developed, and it turned into a multi-parameter optimization problem. As the multi-parameter optimization problem solving approach, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was introduced to calculate this problem, and carried out shaft rotary motion trajectory simulation experiments. The PSO algorithm to calculate the rotational error was prepared and developed an analysis software, the correctness of PSO algorithm was also verified. Finally, an example of rotational error measurement experiment by atomic force microscope (AFM) was calculated and obtained the rotational error results.

This article aims at coming up the optimization of the throughput network performance in EDCA. At first, we observe in different network load conditions that the effect of each priority parameter has on the network transmission performance. Then we make a deep research about the EDCA mechanism and come up a new EDCA analysis model and there is a throughput analysis of this model and a optimization scheme of the priority business flows under different network loads. Finally, based on the mathematical analysis and NS2 simulation results, it can be observed from the new optimization scheme that it to some extent improves different priority services under different network loads.

In designing control system, it is important to minimize the order of controller since the high order controller is impractical. In this paper we propose a method to obtain the minimum order of bilinear system by using the genetic algorithm. The process of optimization is to minimize the H2 -norm from the transfer function from input to output which implies suppressing the magnitude peaks of the frequency response. This problem is solved by using the genetic algorithm. To verify the proposed method, the simulation and numerical calculations is carried out on a nonlinear RC circuit and the results show that proposed method can able to approximate a high order bilinear model from 200th order to the 1st order better than the existing method.

Nowadays, a growing number of mobile equipments have more than one single network interface. For instance, smart phones have 3G/4G and Wi-Fi interfaces at the same time. Regular TCP restricts communications to a single path per transport connection. MPTCP (Multipath TCP) is a set of extensions to traditional TCP to improve the robustness and performance of end-to-end transport layer connections using more than one interface simultaneously. A key issue in the design of MPTCP is the fairness to traditional TCP flows. In this paper, we do a research on the congestion control mechanism of MPTCP and propose a dynamic weighted congestion control algorithm, which can improve the fault of the congestion control algorithm in the RFC 6356 when the subflows have share bottleneck. When the subflow increases the window size, dynamic weight algorithm will increase weight of the congestion window by the size of the congestion window. A MPTCP flow with the dynamic weighted congestion algorithm can allocate their traffic by the throughput of the subflow and get more fairness to traditional TCP flows than the MPTCP in RFC 6356.

The Robotic Space is able of obtaining information from the observed world where many intelligent sensing and tracking devices, such as computers and multi sensors, are distributed. According to the cooperation of many intelligent devices, the environment, it is very important that the system knows the location information to offer the useful services. In order to achieve these goals, we suggest a method for representing, tracking and human following by fusing distributed multiple vision systems in Robotic Space. And the article presents the integration of color distributions into SOM(Self Organizing Map) based particle filtering. We propose to track the moving objects by generating hypotheses not in the image plan but on the top-view reconstruction of the scene. Comparative results on real video sequences show the advantage of our method for multi-motion tracking. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed performance.

The photo-stimulated discharge (PSD) technology was used to characterize the trap distribution of polyethylene (PE) and the PE that doped with 5% MgO before and after electrical aging. For the PE with the aging time increasing, the internal shallow trap of the material gradually reduced and deep trap gradually increased. But for the PE that doped with 5% MgO with the aging time increasing, shallow trap gradually increased and the deep trap gradually reduced. Results show that: during the electrical aging process the PE produces a large amount of free radicals which can introduce deep traps. Adding impurity of MgO can effectively restrain charge moving that injected from electrode, thus to improve the internal electric field distortion of PE.

Traditional testing technologies of automotive air conditioning can not meet the need of current high speed development of automotive industry for poor testing efficiency, low accuracy and high cost. In this paper a testing system of automotive air conditioning is designed and realized by using Delphi language and virtual instrument technology. Twelve channel signals of air conditioning performance parameters can be acquired and analyzed simultaneously. The programming frame and the designing interface process are introduced. The positions where sensors are used in the automotive air conditioning are designed. This system is tested by using sine waves produced by two signal generators and some sensors of PASSAT auto electric control test rig. The results verify that this system is reliable and easy to operate.

Currently, the changes of computer relation technique are very quick. Specially, the cloud computing development is quick dazzlingly in about field. We have interest about Book Search relational subject in the cloud computing using PC and mobile computational device such as Smart-phone, Tablet, and Ultra-thin book. These devices are showing our general computational environment at least. It cans us to search and play various documents and multimedia data on cloud computing environment devices such as book research, English learning, music play, and movie services. Especially, we have many interests about Library Research Service such as book, music and movie services. If we support to efficient service to user then we must solve to user authentication and device authorization problems. But any similar book search services don’t to solve these problems at now. Only they can support to multimedia service or to support user authentication or service authorization service participial. It is very dangerous to cloud computing environment. So we propose to AACLRS that can solve to user and device authentication, service authorization by privilege management schemes. And our proposed system can support various security services such as confidential, integrity, availability and mutual authentication. Additionally, our scheme is very convenience against of existent library search systems.

It is recognized widely that the electric vehicle is of vast potential as an environment-friendly traffic tool. And the construction of the charging and battery swap stations is of critical importance for popularizing it. However, the deployment of the charging station is far from mature even though the construction is being undertaken in some cities. In order to reduce the cost and land use, many researchers and practitioners advocate an oil-electricity union, i.e., we can build the charging and battery swap stations at the existing gas stations. This paper proposes a new location model based on the set cover model taking the existing traditional gas station network as the candidate sites to determine the distribution of the charging and battery swap stations. A numerical experiment is presented to illustrate and verify the proposed model. Our model can help governments to promote the development of the electric vehicle.

In this paper, it is a proposal for a charge pump circuit design techniques for boosting the low voltage obtained from energy harvest techniques such as thermoelectric elements. In order to boost the low voltage, it did attempt to minimize the impact of high on-resistance and Clock-Feedthrough. CMOS switch was used, and was controlled not to occur the overlap during operation of the circuit. Charge pump circuit was designed for 4-stage as the condition for boosting low voltage. The simulation result shows, Cn=0.4pF, Cn+1=0.3pF, Cn+2=0.2pF, Cn+3=0.1pF and when load Capacitor was designed by 10pF, 0.3V input voltage became 1.4V about five times by boosting.

The interior noise of construction machinery is complex non-stationary signal caused by a variety of excitation source; the noise source must be determined to minimize its radiation. There are, however, considerably fewer techniques available if only a single-channel measurement is available and yet single-channel measurements are important where minimal instrumentation complexity is required. The combined techniques of empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and the improvement of independent component analysis (ICA) were applied to analysis the parotic noise signals of bulldozer cabin in our study. According to the correlated measurement standard, the combining method of experiment and analysis for the cabin interior and outside noise and vibration signals was applied to research the noise source effectively. With the experiment and coherence analysis for the cabin interior and outside noise and vibration signals, the techniques of EEMD-ICA were valid on the noise source separation and identification. Taking into account the machine running characteristics and the layout of machine structures, and based on the frequency characteristics of the noise and vibration signals, we concluded that the main sources of indoor noise was combustion noise of diesel engine and mechanical radiation noise of cabin parts caused by the diesel engine vibration transmission. Generation of noise sources, transmission paths of air-borne or structure-borne noises were well researched in order to control the interior noise. Finally, some modifications were taken for different noise sources and the noise level was reduced to a satisfied level.

A simple processing algorithm with a user-controlled parameter is presented. The average value of locally computed correlation coefficients between the two processed images is found. This criterion is closely related to the way in which human observer assesses image quality. Finally, image characteristic evaluation is computed as the average value of locally computed correlation coefficients, adjusted by the average correlation coefficient between the reference and error images. By this approach the proposed evaluation differentiates between the random and signal dependent distortions, which have different effects on human observer. Performance of the proposed characteristic evaluation is illustrated by examples involving images with different types of degradation