Earticle

A novel fuzzy sliding-mode structure has been proposed for the model reference adaptive system(MRAS) based sensorless control of an induction motor in this paper. The design includes a hybrid MRAS from measured stator terminal voltages and currents. The estimated speed is used as feedback in an indirect vector control system achieving the speed control without using shaft mounted transducers. Fuzzy sliding-mode structure includes two nonlinear controllers, one of which is sliding mode type and the other is PI-fuzzy logic based controller, the latter define a new control structure. Both controllers are combined by means of an expert system based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy reasoning. The sliding mode controller acts in the steady state. The new structure has two advantages: sliding-mode controller increasing system stability and PI-like fuzzy logic based controller reducing the chattering in permanent state. The scheme has been implemented and experimentally validated.

SMT(Surface Mount Technology) machines are used to place electronic components onto a PCB(Printed Circuit Board). This study proposes a method of identifying the fastest path for picked up components to pass by a camera without stopping before being placed onto PCBs. The proposed method enables the gantry, responsible for moving the heads, to pass by the camera in the least amount of time possible. Among the 16 possible paths, this study examines and addresses existing problems for the commonly used path(sLb-pRd type). Through simulations, we found that the Fly1-Motion method improved productivity by 15%, and the Fly2- Motion method by 22%.

Due to some key state parameters of vehicle handling stability control are difficult to measure directly, the state optimization estimation algorithm of multi-sensor linear combination based on Strong Tracking Filter (STF) was proposed. Four degrees of freedom vehicle nonlinear dynamics model including longitudinal, lateral and roll motion were established. With the estimator of multi-sensors information fusion and the STF theory, the vehicle handling dynamics states estimation were simulated and analyzed. The result shows that the STF offers higher performance potential. Not only does it solve the problems of the state estimation value deviating from the true system states due to the model uncertainty, but also can inhibit the filtering divergence effectively. The technology of state estimation with the STF has wide range of adaptive tracking capability. It provides a real-time, accurate and low cost soft-sensing technology for vehicle advance control.

The limited input is constraint condition that prevails in actual physical system. The saturated that is caused by limited input is nonlinear factor that need to be considered in the design of control system. The input of control system is limited by saturation in many past research papers. The limited input Nussbaum gain control algorithm is proposed in this paper. On the basis of limited gain, the problem of actuator saturation is considered in this paper. The theoretical basis is provided for Nussbaum gain control experiencing from academic research to practical application. At last, detailed numerical simulation is done to testify the rightness and robustness of the proposed method. The algorithm greatly improves the stability range of the Nussbaum gain control and makes it depend on the initial value less and less.

The paper studies about a line-laser based vision system to measure structural adhesive as a non-invasive inspection. It proposes a novel vision system to measure height and width of adhesive (or object) by optical triangulation using line-laser, and analyzes for resolution, gaze angle, focal length and baseline of vision camera, proper to measurement. The validity of the proposed method was verified through actual measurement of structural adhesive.

In order to alleviate the problem of pollution caused by emissions of conventional vehicles, strengthen the development and promotion of pure electric vehicle, electric vehicle performance was studied. According to the vehicle dynamic performance index, the parameters of pure electric vehicle power system were calculated and matched, among them, the drive motor and battery parameters were matched reasonably mainly. Simulation platform AVL-CRUISE was used to build the vehicle model based on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the Chinese typical urban cycle, in addition, analyzed its dynamic performance and economic performance. The simulation results are very close to theoretical results, which verify the matching of power system parameters is reasonable. The results show that, pure electric vehicle consumes 15.29kwh one hundred kilometers when operating NEDC, and 12.48kwh one hundred kilometers when Chinese typical urban cycle, the driving range of electric vehicle is 110km.

Phase and cable identification is a challenging issue. Power-line communication technology is applied to identify cable and phase of power distribution systems. Power cable circuits have only a limited ability to carry higher frequencies. Typically transformers prevent propagating the higher frequency carrier signal. The proposed method uses the limited propagation ability to identify the cable as well as the phase. A new cable and phase identification system is designed and implemented. The system consists of a transmitter and a receiver with power-line communication module. Some experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical concepts in a commercial building. Also some simulations are done to help and understand the concepts by using Simulink simulator. It can extend the application area of power-line communication.

The linear switched system is a kind of hybrid system that simultaneously possesses characteristics of both continuous event systems and discrete event systems. In this paper the issue of fault detection of switched systems is investigated using unknown input observers (UIO) and an average dwell time approach. The key parameter of UIOs is designed by solving linear matrix inequalities, which differs from traditional design methods. Based on UIOs, a residual generator is derived for detecting faults. A simulation case study validates the proposed approach.

Current detection is the key to improve the power quality by using the active power filter. From two aspects which are algorithm of principle complexity and compensation for current harmonic content, this paper investigates to analyze and compare two novel harmonic current detection methods called FBD method and dq method. The results show that harmonic current can be well compensated by applications of the shunt active power filter with two methods. But FBD method has better prospects of a practical application for simpler algorithm, better real-time, and lower harmonic content after compensation.

In this paper, we implement a Steinhart-Hart calibration-factor value measurement system to obtain accurate temperature measurements of a negative-temperature coefficient thermistor. The thermistor is mounted on a micro-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chip in a micro-PCR systemthat requires accurate temperature measurement and control. When obtaining the calibration-factor value, it is impossible to accurately measure and control the temperature unless the measured resistance error is set to 1%. Considering this characteristic, we use the sensor of a to-be-calibrated chip to obtain accurate temperature control of a pre-calibrated chip, and we simultaneously measure the resistance value that corresponds to the temperature of the heating pattern of the pre-calibrated chip.After attaching a thermal pad on the heating pattern of the pre-calibrated micro-PCR chip for heat transfer, we press it as close as possible against the thermal pad on the heating pattern of the to-be-calibrated chip. When the temperature goal is reached in each of the four sections, we measure the resistance value of the to-be-calibrated chip sensor several times in order to obtain their average values. The results obtained show that the temperature error rate was within the tolerance range when the sensor of the to-be-calibrated chip measured the temperature of the heating pattern in the pre-calibrated chip. We obtained three calibration factor values from the four average resistance values. We record the calibration factor values using an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory attached on the chip, and we perform temperature calibration by again reading the calibrated values from the chip. A conventional calibration system using a constant-temperature water tank takes a long time to reach each target temperature section. However, the calibration system proposed in this paper requires a short time to reach each target temperature, and we therefore confirm that the calibration task time is less than that of conventional calibration systems.

The COG trajectory planning method is the primary concern in the gait planning for quadruped robot, especially when the quadruped robot travelling on rough terrain. In this paper, we focus on the scenario where the quadruped robot walking on the rough terrain with the static walking gait. We present a smooth COG trajectory generator that the COG smooth trajectory characterized by continuous velocity and acceleration profiles can be generated automatically according to the current foot placement of the robot. A composite COG trajectory composed of quintic curves and straight lines is proposed in this paper. When the robot swings a leg forward, the COG trajectory is desired to be a straight line to eliminate the influence of acceleration of the body on the stability of the robot. However, the COG trajectory is desired to be a quintic curve when the robot is in the four legs support stage to guarantee the continuity of the COG trajectory. Moreover, the walk efficiency and the ability to keep the stability of robot are considered in this paper. Base on the COG trajectory generate method and the gait planning provided in this paper, the robot can walk through the rough terrain as soon as possible in the condition that the stability margin of the robot no less than the minimum stability margin. Via simulation the performance of the proposed COG trajectory is verified.

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is a new optimization approach, which has been widely used to solve various and complex optimization problems. However, there are still some imperfections, such as premature convergence and low accuracy. To address such defects, an improved PSO is proposed in this paper. The improved PSO algorithm introduces a uniform search strategy that makes particles proceed alternately between basic movement and uniform search movement, which can ensure sufficient search over the entire space as well as the convergence of particles. Meanwhile, the learning object of the particle swarm is no longer a single particle, which is helpful to prevent particles from being trapped in local optima. The experimental results on the typical functions demonstrate that the improved algorithm has good performance in terms of precision and convergence when compared with other variants of PSO.

In this paper, laser driver circuit is designed using current mode logic for safe mode interface of laser with devices attached ahead. Furthermore, energy efficient design is realized on FPGA virtex-6 using Low Voltage Differential Signaling technique. The energy efficient design is tested on Hyper Transport Protocol IO standard on FPGA that includes HTP 1.1, HTP 2.0, HTP 2.5, HTP 3.0 and HTP 3.1 having operating frequencies 1 GHz, 10 GHz, 100 GHz, 1 THz and 10 THz respectively. In LVDS, the four voltage swing values are taken2.5V, 1.2V, 0.9V and 0.3V. Laser driver is operated at mentioned hyper transport protocols for each voltage swing value. It is extracted that when laser driver is operated at all HTPs on voltage swing 0.3V; the maximum power reduction is recorded. For HTP 1.1. 87%, for HTP 2.0. 85%, for HTP 2.5. 85%, for HTP 3.0. 86% and for HTP 3.1. 86% power reduction is recorded at LVDS voltage swing 0.3V in comparison with LVDS voltage swing 2.5V. The main contribution of this work is that energy efficient design of laser driver is proposed that consume less power when signal is transferred at different protocols having high frequenciesusing LVDS technique.This laser driver will be integrated with other optical components in system to provide green optical communication. The design is demonstrated using Xilinx 14.3 software package.

Aiming at the distributed containment control problem for multi-robot system with dynamic leaders, we use binocular vision as the sensing device, so firstly, a binocular visual model for dynamic target is established by introducing the pseudo depth variable, and it is used to provide real-time status information for the followers. Then, in the case that each follower can only get information from part of the leaders, even individual follower can not get any information from the leaders directly, the topological relationship among robots is built by using the graph theory. Once more, RBF neural networks are employed to approximate the uncertainties in the system model of followers, and L2 robust control laws are used to restrain the influences of the approximation errors. Finally, a simulation is carried out on multiple 2 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robots, and results validate the designed controllers can drive the followers converge to the convex hull spanned by the leaders asymptotically and realize synchronization motion ultimately.

The paper puts forward a control scheme by a computed torque controller plus a fuzzy compensator concerning the issue of tracking control of uncertain robotic manipulator. Computed torque controller is used for the nominal system and the fuzzy compensator is used to control the uncertain system. The parameters of fuzzy compensator are adaptively adjusted based on Lynapunov stability theory. The proposed scheme can guarantee the asymptotical stabilization of close-loop system. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our developed method.

Digital audio is technology that can be used to record, store, generate, manipulate, and reproduce sound using audio signals encoded in digital form. A band-pass filter is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range. Graphic equalizers are often included in consumer audio equipment and software which plays music on home computers. In the graphic equalizer, the input signal is sent to a bank of filters. The digital audio system for concert in opera theater or concert hall must be installed a lot of speaker units. Also, the speaker units are installed at intervals in a theater. And the audio systems must be controlled by the kinds of concert for the best sound quality. As that result, the user needs the remote control in order to play the audio system according to the kinds of concert in opera theater or concert hall efficiently in real-time. In this paper, we implement the mobile application for the remote control using wireless communications to control the digital audio system. Also, we implement the crossover and equalizer of the digital audio system. Each GEQ (Graphic EQualizer) Vertical Seek Bar is used. It has the frequency range value from -15.0 to 15.0 and the frequency range value is divided in units of 0.5 such as -15.0, -14.5, -14.0 …. 14.0, 14.5, and 15. And the 31Vertical Seek Bars are used for controlling each frequency range of volume. Also they are represented by graphic user interface for easy operation of user.

A novel open-winding brushless doubly-fed reluctance machine and its power decoupling control system are proposed for wind power generator application. The control winding of brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) is designed as open-winding structure, and the double-end power supply cascade two-level inverter is adopted to excite the open-winding BDFRG. This topology structure has better performance and fault redundancy capability, more flexible control modes, lower switching frequency and smaller inverter capacity. Moreover, for the special structure, the conventional vector control method is improved to decouple and to independently control the active and reactive power of open-winding BDFRG, in order to implement maximum power tracking. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed generation system is verified through the simulation study.

Increases in drought and flood frequency are global challenges caused by global climate change. Drought severely affects agricultural production. For efficient drought management in drought-prone regions, accurate evaluation of drought-related factors is crucial. We analyzed the drought resilience of napa cabbage cultivation by assessing the capacity per unit cultivation area against the effects of drought on crop production in Chungbuk and Chungnam, two midwestern South Korean provinces. Drought diagnosis and intensity assessment were performed by using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Our analysis revealed that Chungnam had 10% higher napa cabbage production per unit cultivation area (kg/10a) compared with Chungbuk under the same drought conditions. Based on this result, we propose measures of implementing an information and communication technologies (ICT)-based smart irrigation system in Chungbuk, which is more vulnerable to drought.

To research rheological characteristics of rock under the High-stress Zone of Deep Deposit and unloading etc, complex stress condition, development of triaxial rheological test system. This system uses Fuji GYS401D5-RC2 servo system, configuration Advantech's PCI-1240U motion control card and PCI-1716 data acquisition card, using PID control algorithm to achieve a constant voltage, constant speed and constant displacement pump control. Tests show that the system automatically regulated, data acquisition etc, the whole performance meets the experimental demand of triaxial rheological test system.

The structural dynamics in archwire-bending process is critical to the orthodontic archwire bending robot. In this paper, structure of orthodontic archwire bending robot is analyzed. Transient dynamic of orthodontic archwire bending is analyzed using the transient dynamic module of ANSYS/Workbench software. Stress curve and distribution of orthodontic archwire, fixed die, rotation die and supported end of orthodontic archwire in the process of orthodontic archwire bending is obtained. The structural dynamics simulation lays the foundation for the structural design of orthodontic archwire bending robot.

To increase the practical-use value of multi-water-resources, reclaimed water was used as the experimental water because the frequency of reclaimed-water usage has been very high of late. The SA method was then applied to a reclaimed-water pipe as a way of inhibiting its corrosion, and its anticorrosion effect was observed. Corrosion effect by the sacrificial anode method was measured by lab scale experiments, reclaimed water was used as the experimental water, and also tap water was used as a control group. As a result of experiments, efficiency of SA method can be made higher by increasing the amount of SA metal. In addition, anticorrosive effect was not large compared to the reclaimed water condition, and it was determined that efficiency of the SA method increases in a pipeline where high-conductivity water flows. And the corrosive-index (KRWI) trend was not large regardless of the flow time and the degree of corrosion.

Aiming at the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) with disadvantages of slow convergence speed, getting into local extremum easily and low accuracy, we put forward cuckoo search algorithm with cauchy mutation(CCSA). For Bayesian networks(BNs) structure learning with insufficient data, we propose data completion method and Bayesian network structure learning with insufficient data based on CCSA(BNSL-ID-CCSA). In BNSL-ID-CCSA, firstly, we adopt K2 metric as evaluation measure for learning Bayesian networks from data. Secondly, we use expectation maximization(EM) algorithm and CCSA to make BNSL-ID-CCSA quickly and accurately converge to the global optimal solution. The experimental results show that BNSL-ID-CCSA has strong learning ability and good stability.

Water distribution system is the facility to provide water stably. But sometimes, water leakages in water distribution systems cause enormous economic damage and destabilize such systems. To estimate residual life in this study, a total of 34 cast-iron pipes including ductile cast-iron pipes from differing laying environments in P city were used. After assessment, we determined that an improvement plan based on a residual life assessment was more efficient than a traditional plan based on laying year.

For multi- multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air combat decision problems, this paper proposes a multi-UAV task allocation method based on cloud model. Firstly, we analyses air combat situation advantage of random and fuzzy information. The cloud model is applied to multi-UAV task allocation. We establish air combat superiority index model based on cloud model. And then through comprehensive cloud generation algorithm, we establish combat situation advantages of comprehensive cloud model based on cloud model and present multi-UAV task assignment method based on comprehensive cloud model. Finally, the simulation verification indicate: To evaluate air combat advantage using cloud model, we can get precise and credible combat situation advantage, thus, we get more scientific and reliable multi-UAV task assignment.

Controller of hybrid excavator power system was designed with control target was to improve diesel engine fuel efficiency and decrease shaft rotate speed fluctuation. Controller input parameters were set as hydraulic pump required torque, hydraulic pump rotate speed and battery SOC. Controller output parameters were set as diesel engine output torque and motor torque. Diesel engine output torque was obtained according to its load characteristic curves. Control method of diesel engine throttle based on Fuzzy control was proposed. Power system working pattern switch rules were introduced. Simulation model of controller performance based on MATLAB was established. Controller working performance simulations in mining condition and formation condition were simulated. Simulation results show that hydraulic pump required torque is provided by diesel engine and motor in mining condition. Power system required torque is provided by motor in formation condition. Battery SOC curve is changed according to designed control rules. Diesel engine shaft rotate speed is almost constant during the whole working process. Diesel engine fuel consumption rate is constant in mining condition and is almost zero in formation condition.

Today‟s civil lawsuits are being done through “Document battle” in its series of trial, in which the plaintiff and defendant claim or refute by written document. In our country, electronic lawsuits were executed for entire civil lawsuits from patent electronic lawsuit in 2012 to execution and non-litigation electronic lawsuits, and existing document battle procedures on March 23 2015, which was delivered to court, plaintiff, and defendant via mail delivery, were written and delivered (distributed) via electronic document. Under this electronic lawsuits system, the method of writing such as petition and answer needs to be improved according to electronic lawsuits. That is, it can be said that the development of the structure in electronic forms, from generators supporting this, and an electronic document viewer for document battle forms is urgently needed in order for the offense and defense of one claim to be consistently shown, after the writing of each claim for the petition of the document battle procedure, preparatory documents, and written answers for document battle procedure, so that both court and plaintiff/defendant, who shall be judged through document battle will effectively use electronic lawsuits. In particular, solitary lawsuits are rapidly being increased due to conscious improvement and expansion of education levels, and the movement by Legal Aid Corporation to intensify the service for „the weak in judicial service‟ now appears. At this point, if “Smart document battle procedure”, using IT technology, is supported so as to conform to the principle of simple and easy description, the efficiency of document battle procedure in electronic lawsuits will be increased through convenience of review about fact acknowledgment procedures, and there will be consistency in claim and refutation to court, plaintiff, and defendant. Such legal battle over letters will be able to achieve the core purpose of electronic filing by optimization of its steps by establishing editors for battle materials utilizing meta-data, accustomed viewers and electronic filing record distribution center that distributes those data.

On the basis of the three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter (APF), this paper discusses the control system. In order to produce compensation current faster, it takes the fusion of FFT and p-q method to detect the harmonic current, and adopt dual-DSP hardware structure based on MCBSP to realize signal processing. At the same time, this paper presents a three- closed-loop control system to keep the accuracy. Then, we build some MATLAB models for the control system to verify the validity of this system. At last, we did an experiment to realize the communication between the dual-DSP.

The acoustic emission (AE) signal of wood damage is a kind of weak and high-frequency signal. Hardware circuit design and software programming are necessary for the acoustic emission data acquisition. In order to carry out further analysis, it needs to be preprocessed. The preprocessing hardware system consists of preamplifier, filtering circuit, main amplification circuit and AD converting circuit. FPGA is considered as the main controller of the entire system in order to gather signals at a high speed. Data from AD convertor are written into FIFO (First In First Out) which is designed in FPGA in advance. Therefore, data can be kept in cache instead of losing them. Meanwhile, wireless transmission is applied to the system for distant detection. To sum up, the entire system can achieve the goal of distant detection of wood damage by gathering the acoustic emission signal whose frequency is from 100KHz to 300KHz and transmitting the processed data at a rate of 1MHz with wireless transmission module.

Due to the numerous important applications of video surveillance and monitoring, video object tracking has been an active research topic in the last decade. This paper makes a survey of approaches to high quality object tracking by looking at theoretical backgrounds and practical results, which are categorized into four groups. The principle, the evolution processes and the latest progresses of these approaches are identified to form a conclusion for future directions of object tracking algorithms.

Based on the characteristics of shock wave which are produced by spherical projectiles hypervelocity impact on nitrogen-filled pressure vessels, apply ingone-dimensional shock wave theory and numerical simulation method, at the condition of the debris clouds is completely ablated, the process of shock wave propagation in the gas is analyzed, and model of shock wave propagation is built. The law of shock wave propagation, the pressure of shock wave and the pressure pulse duration are obtained. The result shows that at the same impact velocity, the pressure of shock wave is increasing with gas pressure and projectile diameter. Fracture of pressure vessels impacted by hypervelocity projectiles with a diameter less than 3mm is governed by inflation pressure for projectile impact velocities of 7 km/s.