Earticle

A hierarchical PID control strategy based on generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm is presented to solve the model uncertainty of the superheated steam temperature (SST) and the application problem of advanced control algorithms in distributed control system (DCS) of the ultra-supercritical (USC) units. The upper level is based on generalized predictive control algorithm, which also has the functions of model identification and PID parameters tuning. The conventional cascade PID control strategy is applied in the bottom level. Simulations carried out with the field operation data from Chaozhou USC units. The simulation results show that the hierarchical predictive PID control system is qualified with strong stability and robustness, which can adapt to the model change process of the SST control.

This paper proposes the optimal structure of a Printed Circuit Board-based micro-PCR Chip constructed on a PCB substrate using commercial adhesive tapes and plastic films. The proposed micro-PCR chip was composed of four layers. In a previous experiment, the chip had been made with a green PCB, yielding an unwanted reflection that prevented accurate analysis. In this study, the solder mask of the PCB substrate was coated black for a higher signal-to-noise ratio, and the area where the reaction chamber was attached was legend-printed with white silk for better reflection of the fluorescence light. The top cover, which was 180𝜇m thick, was also colored black to minimize the noise during fluorescence detection. As a result of carrying out PCR, it was found that the fluorescence brightness increased with increasing numbers of cycles.

Arc fault is the arc that may cause damage to the society. Arc is with high temperature and massive heat. If arc fault appears in the low voltage supply environment, it will lead to fire or disaster. So detection and protection of arc fault is essential. In order to prevent the damage of fault arc, a new apparatus named Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) has been proposed. In the paper, arc fault features of the circuit with different load are studied. Then an arc fault detection method is proposed. Then a low cost AFCI is designed so as to promote AFCI. Experimental results show it has the ability to protect the arc fault.

This paper proposes a multi-agent technology to energy management of the distributed generations in a micro-grid (MG) system. An introduction and analysis of the distributed intelligent multi-agent technology are presented, including its architecture and operation mechanism. Then, the objective function about minimizing the operating cost and environment losses taking in electricity trading is given. An implementation of Central Force Optimization (CFO) utilizing variable initial probes and decision space adaptation is presented, and Compare it to particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The daily load forecast of electric power system is presented. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multi-agent technology is successfully monitored, controlled and operated for the energy management of the distributed generations in micro-grid system.

Korea repeatedly experiences floods and droughts that cause traumatic environmental conditions with huge economic impact. With an approach and solution such as Smart Water Grid these problems can be alleviated. Tapping into the retention ponds behind dams, rainfall harvest facilities in urban areas and any other structures installed to store rainfall water during flood events will mitigate the damage of flooding and provide a new source of national water resources. Similarly, purified waste water, ground water and desalinated sea water can also be feasible to use as alternative water resources. In this study, the water balance assessment model is being developed as a Smart Water Grid research. In fact, large proportions of water resources in Korea rely on a river fresh water. Also in the Youngjongdo island, tap water from water purification plant which use original source from the Han river. However the water supply system in the island is quite dangerous since the water purification plant is located in Incheon city and the water comes to island through the sea and no other source is used in the island. Therefore, once the accident at main water pipe in the sea, no water is available in this island. Information on water availability and water needs are crucial to identify hot spots of quantitative pressures on water resources. In this study, all available alternative water sources are calculated by the model developed through this study. Several physical and stochastic models on hydraulic and hydrological approaches are nominated to investigate physical characteristics of catchments

With the high speed railway speed increasing and driving distance shortening in China, the time conformity of subsystems of railway is becoming more significant to railway traffic safety. The railway time synchronization network (RTSN), the medium carrying and broadcasting time information, is responsible to convey the information of internal clock of railway and its function poses direct influence on the time conformity of subsystems of railway. This paper firstly analyzes the RTSN, including its functions, the differentiation of layers in system, and the hardware framework. Then combining factors like equipment redundancy and common cause failure, etc, the paper collects a large number of data by gathering field data and experts suggestions and Bayesian (BN) is established. Thus reliability analyses of RTSN is conducted and, by inference, its weak links can be discovered, which puts forward references to the maintenance distribution and resource checking of the constructing RTSN.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are the network having number of sensors to transfer data from source to destination. In the internet point of view the connect number, sampling rate and signal types of sensors are generally restricted by the device. In the network, there are no of sensors are present and each sensor gives sensing when the data transfer occurs at that node. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. To improve the performance of ZigBee a new method is proposed to reconfigurable smart sensor interface for industrial WSN in IoT environment, in which ARM7 is adopted as the core controller. Performance will show the effects of proposed system.

According to the study of traditional cylindrical PM motor, it is generally acknowledged that the electromagnetic radial force is the root cause of electromagnetic vibration and noise. For round square PM motor, the radial force is the main cause of electromagnetic vibration and noise. , for the first time, use the voltage harmonic injection method, study the motor noise affected by the electromagnetic radial force. Analyze the electromagnetic radial force affected by the frequency, phase angle and amplitude of injection harmonic voltage. For the 4 poles 14 slots rounded square PMDC motor, at first, build the rounded square PMDC motor electromagnetic radial force theoretical model, find the main order of electromagnetic radial force, build the harmonic injection theoretical model, build the harmonic injection simulation model. analyze the electro- magnetic radial force affected by the frequency, phase angle and amplitude of injection harmonic voltage, compare the electromagnetic radial force before and after harmonic injection, at last, compare the motor noise before and after harmonic injection through the noise test, provide the support for the motor noise reduction with harmonic injection method..

Now the power system is more complicated, high efficient and rapid, the traditional PID control technology already unable to meet the needs of power system by now. In this paper, starting from the actual demand of the power system, aiming at the problem of traditional PID control parameters can not change in real time, using the method combined with theory of the fuzzy control and the traditional PID control, proposes a control system that can change the control parameters in real time——fuzzy PID excitation control system, and carries on the simulation by MATLAB/SIMULINK. Results show that the fuzzy PID control system has high performance and good real-time control, and it has better stability then traditional PID control system, it can make faster to achieve stability of the synchronous generator.

A score evaluation method is the most common deterioration evaluation technique used in Korea for the efficient maintenance of the water distribution network which is a major society-based facility. This study carried out modeling for complementing the limitations of the existing score evaluation method.

The energy consumption modeling and the optimization solution for the traction control of high-speed trains are addressed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the operation process, an improved train traction analysis with the multi-mass modeling approach is presented, and the corresponding energy consumption model is investigated. By considering the issues of the passenger comfort and traveling time, an optimization algorithm for traction control of the high-speed trains is presented by using a multi- objective-fitness particle swarm optimization technique. Simulations are performed with practical parameters of the CRH EMU (Electric Multiple Unit) and railway line, and the results demonstrate the performance of the proposed solution over the conventional traction calculation method.

Intelligent tower crane has large structure deadweight. The service life of the whole machine is dependent on the life of the structure. As a result, the metal structure should be designed by using correct and reasonable methods to obtain excellent fatigue properties. And it can guide the design, manufacturing, use and maintenance process for crane. And it has great significance to prevent the fatigue fracture accident. The theoretical mechanics and material mechanics theory is a semi-theoretical semi-empirical traditional design method, but it is not the suitable design method. Now, the finite element method, fracture mechanics, the boundary element method, the optimization design method, reliability design and fatigue design methods are widely used in the structure design of crane. In this paper, the intelligent tower crane structure is analyzed by finite element modeling. According to the actual situation, crane structure is studied by finite element statics analysis. Then mechanical property of this kind of structure is analyzed in detail. And the weak links of the structure are found out. The residual life can be estimated finally. As a result, designers can comprehensively understand the fatigue life distribution of different parts in the crane. Therefore, they can provide intuitive and comprehensive basis for comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different design schemes and fatigue performances for design improvement.

This research applied the model that simulates the effects of inflow water quality, treatment flow rate and outflow water quality on drinking water treatment plant. The model is not a physical chemistry model. However it can evaluate the performance of sedimentation process as a statistical model. The model used transfer function ARIMA model for the prediction of turbidity on sedimentation reservoir outflow. By using the applied model, performance evaluation was executed according to the control factor per process. Coefficients of determination of the selected model were 0.95 in case of using optimal model for the transfer function model, and predictive results were estimated 0.99. Transfer function ARIMA model can replicate dynamic status of system where it is possible to diagnose system using the model in the perspective of expressing actual operation status.

In event detection, especially where Heterogeneous Sensor Networks is used, performance of information fusion must remain high and level. In this paper, we develop a Graph-Based Multi-Sensor Fusion model for intelligent alarm in event detection. In the proposed model, we explore Graph-Based data fusion algorithms based on data-driven aspects of fusion, in order to locate the optimal sensing ranges of sensor nodes in a complex network with heterogeneous targets. In addition, we propose a framework incorporates useful contextual and temporal cues for detection alarm, exploring its conceptualizations, benefits, and challenging aspects, leading to correlation analysis of the target motion elements in the multimedia sensor stream. The aim is to give the simplest method for classical results in event detection.

This study has improved the infiltration capability of the sidewalk by infiltrating rainfall into the road and buffer green areas using the Permeable Brick Pavement (PBP) and Vertical Infiltration Pipe (VIP) and through the permeable retention tank under the PBP. Rainwater on impervious surfaces goes through the initial rainwater treatment system and then the rainwater storage tank; this process enables the slow rainfall-runoff for rainwater utilization. The rainwater collected in the rainwater storage tank is used for landscape irrigation in nearby green areas. Through this process, the runoff reduction rate on the road has been analyzed. The data used for the research were collected by measuring actual rainfall patterns: more than 30 mm of rainfall or more than 15 mm/hr of rainfall intensity in July and August 2014. As a result, the total outflow reduction efficiency of the Treatment-Train-package (T2P) System was about 60~70%.

In order to obtain the ideal parameters about influence degree of melting supplies and the ideal cooling structure of throat, and provide empirical datum for further research, this paper has used finite element method (FEM) to analyze a new type of FDM nozzle structure to study the effect of temperature on the nozzle head of different degree of melting of PLA supplies, the impact of different cooling air flow at the degree of melting of the PLA supplies, and the effects of differently cooling structure of the degree of melting of PLA supplies. The simulation results show that the heat dissipating structure with 195℃, nozzle temperature, 180 W/(m^2·℃) forced convection coefficient and Ф25mm heat pipe diameter of circumstances has good forming effect. In other words, the structure not only has an excellent performance in the throat but also could provide stable and reliable technical support for FDM prototyping equipment.

This paper proposes an interactive media artwork called the Heart-Rate Pulse Printer. The proposed artwork measures a participant's heart rate directly through a real heart-rate pulse-sensor and shows a reproduction of his/her original pulse graphed by LED. This Heart-rate Pulse Printer captures an inner moment in time that cannot be recreated. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed artwork.

A novel steam temperature control method is developed using the dynamic surface control method in this paper which is based on the saturated water-steam temperature system states observer and the one-order dynamics of the experiment for sprayer element. Certain first-order low-pass filters are introduced into the designing process to avoid the occurrence of high-order derivatives of elements in the system which makes it easy to implement in practical applications. The proposed control method is effective in compensating for the disturbance of load and fuel. Simulation results show that the dynamic surface control method still ensures an accurate result, even if the loads change in a great and parameters of the controlled plant change significantly.

As structure wind turbine is influenced by wind load in the run, and property of wind load is strong randomness which is a great influence on the reliable operation. In this paper, the theory of random vibration analysis is applied to analysis of the wind load and calculation of wind turbine. Mathematics method of wind load analytic calculation is detailed discussed, meanwhile simulating method of the structure is combined, which is applied for simulation analysis of wind turbine transmission system. Combining result of numerical simulation and in actual working condition, We can thought it value that analysis method can be used for engineering application and it is put forward that new analysis thought of wind load.

This research was conducted to investigate the magnitude and nature of the emission of runoff pollutants with the goal of quantifying stormwater pollutant concentrations from driveways site. A statistical summary for concentration characteristics of driveway runoff is provided based on the various analysis techniques. Runoff water qualities in temporal variation were generally higher in wet season than in dry season with a high degree of variability. The 95 % confidence intervals of washed-off pollutant concentration are ranged to 82.4-141.4 mgL-1 for TSS, 53.3-87.6 mgL-1 for Turbidity, 19.0-38.7 mgL-1 for BOD, 34.0-59.2 mgL-1 for COD, 16.4-27.4 mgL-1 for DOC, 4.3-5.6 mgL-1 for TN and 0.25-0.34 mgL-1 for TP, showing the high values based on the surface or lake quality standards in Korea. The first flush effect is mostly occurred within initial 30 min of storm duration. Concentrations of water quality constituents in urban stormwater are often expressed in probabilistic terms using statistics such as the mean and standard deviation and selected quintiles. Three probability distributions, weibull in TSS and Turbidity, lognormal in BOD and COD and gamma in DOC, TN and TP were fitted and the goodness-of-fit was assessed using the Anderson-Darling test. The correlation matrix of all water quality variables shows significant relationships between all parameters (P<0.001) and the correlation of between TSS and Turbidity showed relatively strong positive relationship (r=0.825). This research presents the concentration changes and characteristics during storm occurrence. The new concept explaining the relationship among the emission effects of runoff pollutants are suggested using statistical techniques.

Along with the development of shipping business, ships are becoming bigger, faster and more intelligent. Thus better performance of maneuver is demanded. To research for better control strategies, it is necessary to adopt new control theories and techniques. The application of neural network techniques and backstepping algorithm in ship motion control became an important research area in recent years. Aiming at the nonlinear of ship motion, also for application of control strategy, control strategy based on the RBF neural network and backstepping algorithm is proposed. The strategy employs the RBF neural network to approximate and substitute the system, and employs adaptive law designed by backstepping algorithm to adjust the weight of the RBF neural network. Finally, the proposed strategy was applied in ship course tracking control simulation and the satisfying performances demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ship control strategy.

The present study, based on the modular and graphical LabVIEW development platform, is dedicated to developing the online detection system for inner leakage failure of heater, in order to complete the online detection and the quantitative diagnosis of the inner leakage failure of the high-pressure and temperature heater in the power plant, and finally apply the system to engineering practice. With this purpose, this study produces some innovative designs in light of the structure and working principles of the online detection system, analyzes and selects the hardware modeling, assesses and designs the key modules and finally analyzes and verifies the implementation and performance of the system. At last, this paper concludes that the online detection system performs well in filtering, and functions accurately and reliably in processing signals.

Cooperative learning is one of main methods to achieve the educational goal of problem-solving and decision-making ability improvement. In line with the changing learning environment, offline cooperative learning has evolved to a web-based cooperative learning these days. However, in order to improve the educational use of the basic ideas of web–participation, sharing and openness, wireless network environment is indispensable. In this point of view, web-based cooperative learning strategies are designed under the wireless network environment and applied to verify their validity and effectiveness in line with educational needs. Also, in this study, how to utilize web-based online learning assistance system (WLS) was presented and teachers’ role model was developed for enhanced cooperative learning effectiveness.

In this paper we propose an improved MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm applicable for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent signals in the presence of one-dimensional uniform linear array (ULA), which is based on Toeplitz matrix theory and Fourth-order-cumulants (Foc). In the signal model, a new Toeplitz construction method combining SVD (singular value decomposition) with mean calculation is explored to reconstruct the covariance matrix of array output. The DOA estimation problem can be addressed when the covariance matrix is full-rank. Foc theory is used to eliminate the Gaussian noise in the signals, after that the space of the array matrix is changed, which determines the final signal subspace and noise subspace. According to the subspace, we can adopt the conventional MUSIC to estimate the DOAs of coherent signals. Simulation results show that this algorithm provides a significant performance in comparison with other de-correlation algorithms. It has a better resolution under the condition of small angle interval. In addition, a lower root-mean-square error (RMSE) is obtained at low signal-to-noise (SNR) situation.

This article is a study on the analysis of harmonics reductions and load voltage control for Vienna Rectifier (VR) with help of the Triplen Harmonic Injection (THJ) and the proportional integral controller (PIC). The sinusoidal PWM is the easiest modulation technique for AC-DC rectifiers to comprehend; however, it is not capable of entirely using the accessible DC bus source voltage. In order to enhance the load voltage regulation and harmonics reductions of the VR, PIC and THJ PWM methods are developed. The performances of the designed PWM methods as well as the PIC are validated at different operating conditions by developing models using MATLAB/Simulink as well as real experimental models. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the designed control methods.

In order to study the experiential formula of cutting force and the influence of each cutting parameter for turning superalloy GH4169, the orthogonal experiment is applied to coated carbide tools turning high-temperature alloy GH4169, and got empirical formula of cutting force carbide using cutting tools for turning superalloy GH4169. The results show that: the greatest impact on the cutting force factor decreases in the order of the cutting depth, feed and cutting speed influence on the test results.

Firstly, through the principle analysis and simulation experiment, the maneuvering target tracking algorithm of curve model interacting multiple model tracking algorithm was given. Because the algorithm is simple structure and high cost efficiency, it becomes generally applicable algorithm for the curve tracking model. But, the target mobility is very high in practice, Single target tracking model is no longer applicable curve tracking model. To improve the accuracy of tracking, the adaptive grid interacting multiple model (AGIMM) algorithm was given. The algorithm has two fatal weaknesses in the practical application. First, in maneuvering target tracking process, when the model changes and gradual change, the tracking precision is not high; Second, because the changing model structure is very large model sets, the algorithm is complexity and system processing speed is very slow, which cannot be widely used. To improve the accuracy and its scope of application of the algorithm, The paper proposed the adaptive Kalman filter adaptive interacting multiple model algorithm (AKFAIMM).The algorithm introduced the parameter in the adaptive Kalman filter, and adjusted parameter in maneuvering target tracking, the parameter was adjusted continuously in the curve motion model, it could greatly improve the tracking precision and the application of the model. Second, to improve the algorithm complexity. The paper improved that the angular velocity estimation method replaced centripetal acceleration estimation method on turning curve. The estimation method reduced the number of model set and reduced greatly of computation. At the same time, according to the algorithm in the model changes, the centripetal acceleration could be continuously adjusted and improved the adaptability of the model. The algorithm improved maneuvering target tracking algorithm accuracy. The effectiveness of algorithm was proved the validity by simulation.

In order to improve the stability of underactuated surface vessels (USV) coursekeeping, a fractional-order λ μ PI D controller based on self-adaptive weight particle swarm optimization (SAWPSO-FOCPID) was proposed for ship autopilot and had good overall control ability. The integral-order λ and differential-order μ can improve the controller with more robustness and take on stronger disturbance rejection ability. However, the difficulties for parameter verification are increased. A new designing method of PIλ Dμ controller based on SAWPSO algorithm was proposed in order to balance the global search ability and local search ability of PSO algorithm. And at the same time, the difficulties of tuning more parameters and designing complexity of fractional-order λ μ PI D controller were solved. The SAWPSO-FOCPID controller was compared with the traditional PSO-PID controller under the same condition. The simulation results showed that the SAWPSO-FOCPID controller has a high dynamic tracking performance, small overshoot and strong immunity.

The performance optimization of induction motor speed control system is studied and self-tuning PID controller based on diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) is presented in this paper. Neural network control does not require the precise mathematical model of the system, and it only needs to train neural network online or offline, then use the training results to design the control system. It is applicable of the nonlinear, strong coupling and multi variable system, which is composed of inverter and induction motor. The speed regulation control performances are tested on the experimental platform constructed by SIMATIC S7-300 power PLC. The results of experiment indicate that, compared with conventional PID controller, induction motor speed control system, which is controlled by self-tuning PID controller based on DRNN, has better static-dynamic and following performances, stronger anti-interference ability and robustness.