Earticle

Synchronization sequences with special correlation properties can be inserted into a bit stream to correlate the timing at the transmitter and the receiver. On the basis of the ideal auto-correlation property of sequences with an odd length, a new method of constructing odd-periodic sequences of even length is proposed. The auto-correlation of a sequence has double maximum values equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity at zero and middle shifts with the lowest out-of-phase values excluding those at the middle shift. Such sequences are particularly useful for frame synchronization, since the special correlation property can be used to double-check the synchronization timing. As a special case, we can also generate these sequences using binary maximal length sequences.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a detection method used in almost all the experimental processes that involve manipulation of the current genetic materials to amplify the specific target genetic material to be preferably detected. The recent PCR thermal cycler has adopted a general-purpose computing platform in which specific operation systems run in a computing device to support the GUI. In this paper, Smartphone PCR control software, including the GUI, which can be run on not only Bluetooth, but also USB Communications, is proposed. The GUI is implemented in Android platform, and the connection to the PCR device uses a standard interface USB and Bluetooth to minimize the dependence on the platform. The proposed system has been verified to run in the commercial system using Smartphone.

This paper presents the mechanical joints normal contact stiffness model based on fractal geometry and contact mechanics theory. The joint normal dimensionless contact load and dimensionless contact stiffness relationship are analyzed in different fractal dimensions and materials. The result shows that relationship between joint normal contact load and contact stiffness plastic is the strongly nonlinear. At last, normal contact stiffness are compared and analyzed with the experimental values, as well as JZZ model used the present model. The comparison result indicates that the present model is consistent with experiment result.

This paper presents a low-cost method of constructing a UV illuminator, which is considered an important component of a gel documentation system. The procedure involves using a smallest-possible UV lamp in the UV illuminator instead of conventional 4 UV lamps. A comparative analysis of images produced by using the commercial gel documentation system and our prototype was performed using MATLAB. Despite the use of only 1 UV lamp, the proposed system demonstrated a similar imaging performance compared to the image quality of a conventional gel documentation system equipped with 4 UV lamps.

This paper derived out a closed expression describing the time evolution of the carrier density within the turn-on period of a semiconductor laser, for the case that the Auger effect is considered with a term which is proportional to the cube of the carrier density. As a result, an explicit analytical expression for the turn-on delay of the diode laser has also been deduced.

In recent years, the interest in the use of regenerative energies has increased considerably, which helped to alleviate the energy crisis and to protect the environment. However, the over-rapid development of wind power also leads to some problems in China, for example, several large-scale off-grid accidents caused by quality problems of wind turbines. Since converter is a core component of wind power turbine, improving converter control strategy can prevent such accidents. Therefore, this paper explores and analyzes the converter control strategy and its influences on power grid and wind turbines, including grid power and voltage fluctuation, small signal stability, transient stability, LVRT (low voltage ride through), shaft damping, and shaft transient stress. This paper attempts to determine the content and method for quality inspection of converter and proposes a test platform to carry out flexible, efficient and reliable quality test.

Recently, the time difference of arrival (TDOA) based position determination technique is broadly used in many kinds of real time locating systems. In contrast with other position determination methods, TDOA based localization technique has the strength that it is unnecessary to synchronize the time between each receivers. With at least three receivers which we know their position, we can obtain TDOA solution. In a position determination problem including TDOA method, the accuracy of the estimated position is one of the significant factors. In this paper, in order to compensate measurement error due to time delay of signal propagation, the recursive least square (RLS) method is used. The RLS method is an iterated technique of least square (LS) method. The accuracy and calculation speed of estimated solution are improved through this algorithm. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed algorithm.

In view of the problem of difficult to suppress surplus torque and to obtain high servo accuracy at high frequency in the passive torque servo system(PTSS), the neural network PID control strategy with surplus torque compensation based on dynamic fuzzy neural network (DFNN) and double-stator motor is proposed. Firstly the model of the PTSS is built and the mathematical model of surplus torque is derived. Then the model of surplus torque is identified by DFNN. The surplus torque is estimated in real time and converted directly to the control signals of outer stator of double-stator motor which produces torque to compensate the surplus torque. Finally the parameters of the neural network PID (NNPID) controller are adjusted in real time according to the Jacobian information and system error. The Jacobian information is obtained from the online identification of PTSS by RBF neural network. The simulation results show that surplus torque model is close to the actual surplus torque system, that compensation control largely eliminates the surplus torque, that system performance is improved and that the control strategy is successful.

This paper is focused on the development of a model for measurement of a clinical information system for the prevention of osteoarthritis. The subjects of this paper were 106 patients who had been visited a general hospital which located in Chungnam area. As a result of this study, significantly positive changes of behaviors such as taking vegetables, limiting consumption of alcoholic beverage, and practicing the healthy lifestyles of exercising diminished the progression rate of osteoarthritis. There was a significant difference in body weight control after information intervention(t=2.56, p=.037). This paper found that the health promoting behaviors in osteoarthritis patients were increased by 52.9-64.1% compared with previous status and the patients positively perceived on a clinical management system. Therefore, the clinical management system for the prevention of osteoarthritis can be applied to any hospital which has health promotion center.

Modern restructured power systems sometimes operate with heavily loaded lines resulting in power system to work under condition of higher power loss and higher voltage deviation, which may result in insecure operation of power system; even sometimes it may lead to voltage instability or system collapse. It is mainly due to continuous and uncertain growth and demand of electrical power. This paper presents a methodology to solve a multi-objective optimization problem to find optimal location and size of Static VAR Compensator (SVC); in order to minimize real power loss (RPL)& load bus voltage deviation (VD) and also enhancing voltage securityusing Continuous Genetic Algorithm (CGA). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a standard IEEE 30-bus system. The results obtained reveal effectiveness of CGA in handling multi objective optimization problem efficiently and successfully.

Magnetic shape memory alloy actuator is a new type of actuator that can offer big travel and high resolution of output displacement, which makes it suitable for driving task. However, its output displacement represents the hysteresis applied to input magnetic field. Hysteresis restricts its application in the high precision positioning. In order to eliminate the hysteresis of magnetic shape memory alloy actuator, a reinforcement learning fuzzy neural network controller is proposed. Network structure and special learning algorithm of reinforcement learning fuzzy neural network controller are introduced in detail. The proposed control system adopts the generalized approximate reasoning-based intelligent control architecture, which is mainly consisted of three parts: Action Selection Network, Action Evaluation Network and Stochastic Action Modifier. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method, the simulation experiment is researched. The experimental results show that the proposed control method can obtain the smaller tracking error, and the controller’s maximum tracking error is less than 0.95%, hysteresis loop is less than 2.66%.

As a next generation of Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway (GSM-R), 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE)/ LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is considered for railroad wireless communication, i.e., LTE-Railway (LTE-R). Railroad wireless communication has its own requirements and functions since railroad wireless communication is very closely related to safety. In order to meet the requirements of LTE-R and provide high QoS level, it is very crucial to have very small packet delivery delay. Since it is anticipated that it will be difficult to deploy LTE-R network with redundant network architecture like GSM-R due to spectrum shortage, high QoS and reliability of LTE communication is very important for LTE-R. Railroad wireless communication network configuration has very unique characteristics compared to other wireless communication networks. Since train moves on pre-installed fixed track, train movement can be easily measured. In this paper, by exploiting the unique characteristic of railroad wireless communication, an improved packet delivery scheme using dual communication modules for railroad wireless communication is proposed. By using the proposed scheme, almost zero service interruption time during handover can be achieved. Since the protocol architecture of the proposed scheme utilizes the current LTE railroad wireless communication hardware, the proposed scheme can be utilized with minimum modification.

In this paper, a new control theory based on fuzzy-logic will be proposed for the purpose of enhancing vehicle ride performance. In the first step, a half car model with four DOF will be analyzed by Lagrange equations after which a conventional semi-active skyhook controller will be built. Then a new control model that considering vehicle mass as well as vehicle speed will be provided, the advantage of this controller will be studied. Harmonic excitation and Random excitation will be given as road input. All the models that proposed will be accomplished through matlab/simulink. The four outcome parameters of two types, namely, the body acceleration and the pitch acceleration will be compared in time domain and frequency domain among three conditions which can be described as passive, conventional skyhook and self-tuning respectively. Finally, the models will be implemented on dsPACE to verify whether the theory can be used on real vehicles. Though the graphics and the hardware in the loop test we can come to a conclusion that vehicle suspensions arm with fuzzy-logic based self-tuning controllers has the best ride properties which hold practical values.

In this study, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) semi-active fuzzy control algorithm has been developed for vibration control of a seismically excited building structure. The MIMO fuzzy controller was optimized by evolutionary genetic algorithm. For numerical simulation, a five-story example building structure is used and two MR dampers are employed as semi-active control devices. For comparison purpose, a clipped-optimal control strategy based on acceleration feedback is employed for controlling MR dampers to reduce structural responses due to seismic loads. Numerical simulation results show that the MIMO fuzzy control algorithm can provide superior control performance to the clipped-optimal control algorithm. When the design method proposed in this study is applied, Pareto optimal solutions can be obtained in single optimization run. Therefore, an alternative solution can be easily selected by an engineer.

As the issue of conserving energy is a major current global issue, concerns and efforts from all circles are required. With such a background, technology realizing Smart Space utilizing IT technology is recently drawing attention as an effective method of reducing building energy consumption. This study investigates Smart Control System to collect the fundamental materials necessary to realize Smart Space and suggests Smart Lighting Control System, with better efficiency and performance than the existing lighting control system. The suggested model proves its effectiveness in a test bed. After a performance evaluation of the proposed model, the energy saving effect of 22~47% compared to the existing lighting control system could be confirmed. In future studies, I believe that research in the saving of lighting energy during the night should follow to propose a more sophisticated smart lighting control system.

Higher power has become one of primary obstacles for improving the performance of processors. To manage the power of processor dynamically, it is necessary to obtain the power timely and accurately. Power estimation using performance events is a better way in terms of timeliness and accuracy. We analyzed the correlation between performance events and powers of microprocessors. Only one performance event was selected for the power estimation of one functional unit based on the correlation analysis. The power of each functional unit was estimated based on simple regression analysis. In addition, the impact of ambient temperature on the accuracy for power estimation was presented. It can be seen from the experimental results that (1) the power of each functional unit has close linear correlation with a performance event and can be estimated accurately; (2) the ambient temperature has the negative impacts on the accuracy for power estimation.

Flash translation layer (FTL) is a firmware embedded in NAND-based block devices. It hides unique characteristics of NAND flash memory and emulates a standard block device interface. The overall performance of NAND-based block devices is mainly determined by the efficiency of the FTL schemes, and thus, it is important to evaluate the FTL performance to design high-speed NAND-based block devices, which is a main objective of this work. Whereas most previous works have not considered device utilization from a FTL perspective and have fixed the over-provisioning factor, this work evaluates their performance varying device utilization and allows unused space to be used as over-provision area. A trace-driven simulation shows that device utilization significantly influences on FTL’s performance. Especially, the page mapping FTL is vulnerable against high utilization, even though it delivers a good performance at low utilization. In contrast, the fully associative sector translation (FAST) FTL is less sensitive to the utilization and delivers a competing performance. It even outperforms the page mapping FTL at high utilization.

A novel architecture FFT processor which can carry on 1-D FFT algorithm or 2-D FFT algorithm corresponding different size of FFT is proposed in this paper. The architecture is served as a scalable IP Core which is suitable for the heterogeneous multi-core SoC on chip application. The mixed architecture FFT processor achieves balance between high processing speed and resources. Compared with a conventional 1-D FFT processor, this FFT processor is characterized by having smaller resources consumption; compared with a 2-D FFT processor which is mapped onto a long point FFT architecture, it has higher processing speed. It employs the Radix-2 DIT-FFT algorithm and fixed addressing structure. It takes two ways to hide time consumed on data-path, one is read-ahead operation of dual-port RAM to hide the delay introduced by 12-stages pipeline of butterfly-unit and Memory access delay; the other is Ping-Pong operation of 3 groups of RAM to conceal data transmitting time. It also adopt twiddle factor compression algorithm to reduce ROM space. It can carry out 2n (n is from range of 5 to 14) single-precision floating-point FFT/IFFT directly. As a result, we have implemented the mixed architecture FFT processor based on FPGA, and successfully applied it into the heterogeneous multi-core SoC.

This paper presents a high-efficiency AC-DC switch-mode power supply (SMPS) using the full-bridge converter circuits. The proposed converter utilizes three full-bridge converter circuits: two full-bridge diode converter circuits and one full-bridge MOSFET converter circuit. The two full-bridge converters are utilized at the primary AC input and the secondary DC output, respectively, and the full-bridge MOSFET converter is used to convert a DC voltage to a high-frequency AC voltage that is converted to another DC voltage with the transformer and the secondary full-bridge diode converter, which is simply referred to as the full-bridge DC-DC converter. However the conventional full-bridge converter has a limit in its operating duty ratio in normal operation, because it results in more conduction loss in light load operation. Therefore, the proposed converter resolves the drawbacks of the conventional full-bridge converter using a modified full-bridge circuit with a DC blocking capacitor in the primary. Thus, the proposed converter has improved total efficiency and performance. The operation principle of the proposed converter is described in detail, and a design example of a prototype is shown. The good performance of the proposed converter is demonstrated through experimental results of the implemented prototype based on the design example.

The local geomagnetic chart is an effective tool to describe the geomagnetic information in the region accurately and visually which is a reference in application for future. Precision of local geomagnetic chart directly affects its value. When the movable magnetic objects are in the region, the distribution of geomagnetic field will be changed. When the movable magnetic objects are out the region, the distribution of geomagnetic field will recover to normal situation. Thus, magnetic objects can bring the error to some measured data. As an result, precision of the geomagnetic chart will reduce. On the basis of analysis of the existing geomagnetic model, the method to eliminate the movable geomagnetic anomaly in drawing the chart is proposed which is based on Taylor polynomial model. In this method, affected regions by magnetic object are gotten, the geomagnetic model are built in these affected region by precise data, the measured data in these region is replayed with model data, finally, the geomagnetic chart is draw by combined data using Kriging interpolation algorithm. The experiment results show that the method can improve the precision of the local magnetic chart when the movable magnetic objects exist in the measurement region.

In this paper, we present a new method for automatic image annotation by applying semi- supervised learning based on the Bayesian framework. On the one hand, we employ the semi- supervised learning, i.e., transductive support vector machine (TSVM) to enhance the quality of training image data, which is a promising way to find out the underlying relevant data from the unlabeled ones. On the other hand, a simple yet very efficient Bayesian model is built to implement image annotation by the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion. The novelty of our method mainly lies in two aspects: exploiting TSVM to improve the quality of training image dataset and utilizing the Bayesian model to predict the candidate annotations for the unseen images. Experimental results on the standard Corel dataset demonstrate that the proposed method is superior or highly competitive to several state-of-the-art approaches.

We present a noise control algorithm that produces temporally coherent artistic styles on movie files. Our algorithm is devised using a template to preserve the temporal coherence of the artistic effects produced on the frames composing a video. In the first step, we produce a set of triangular meshes embedding the contents of a frame. We, then, generate noise in the coordinate system defined by the templates. We finally apply a texture coverage scheme to preserve the coherence of the noise distribution inside the templates. For the noise outside the templates, we propose local recursive filters that interpolate the noise between frames.

Content Delivery Network (CDN) has become increasingly popular over the past decade with the expectation to provide a better performance and a more scalable, reliable and available content delivery. This can be achieved by delivering the content from caches which are located closer to the end-users than the original server. However, the performance of CDN system is affected by the collaboration among CDN servers. This paper proposes a collaborative caching among CDN servers known as provider oriented hierarchical cooperative content outsourcing (POHC). To highlight the advantages of this propose, a mathematic analytical model is given to compare with the non-cooperative pull-based content outsourcing (Non-CPB). OMNeT++ software is used for simulation in order to verify the result of the analytical model. The consequence from the analytical model matched well with the result from the simulative experiment in term of packet loss, better reliability and less bandwidth consumption versus the Non-CPB mode. After collecting relevant status of all CDN servers in online network, this paper uses DBSPT-Circular-PO algorithm to build POHC with root, which is the content provider.

In order to meet the increase of vehicle detection items and detailed testing contents, the detection methods of automobile headlight feature points were studied. The classification ways of automobile headlights were described and a detection system of headlight feature points was designed and realized by using digital image processing technologies according to the characteristics of headlight shapes. The front end image of automobile was analyzed, the front license plate was located precisely, the headlight detection areas were pre-located, and the headlight feature points were extracted based on modified Hough transform. The experimental results showed that the regional centers of circular headlights were extracted and the corners of rectangular and alien shaped headlights were detected. This method could automatically detect the feature points of automobile headlights and lay good foundation for next vehicle testing and fault diagnosis.

Islanding in a gird connected inverter of wind power generation system may give a bad effect on equipments or yield safety hazards on grid so it should be detected rapidly and exactly. Passive methods are simple to detect islanding by monitoring parameters of system but it has non detection zone (NDZ). Active methods are more effective to detect islanding by injecting small disturbance into output of utility interactive inverter. This paper proposes a novel hybrid anti-islanding detection method, which combines the conventional passive over/under voltage and over/under frequency (OUV-OUF) method with a new active harmonic injection method. In the proposed scheme, the active methods can be used effectively to overcome the problem caused by the NDZ. When NDZ does not exist, the passive methods can detect the islanding rapidly. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proved through comparative simulation results.

The goal of the Gene Ontology is to provide a controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms, even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing. Further, in the process of co-evolution, conflicts are unavoidable among ontology changing sequences. We use the N ⨉ M matrix to model the changing sequences in Gene ontology evolution which lead to a result ontology. According the users’ estimate of the changing sequences, we propose the updating algorithm to update the matrix as mentioned earlier. The new matrix is as the input of the MUOUE((A,R) algorithm to calculate the minimal hitting sequence set of high-potential candidates that were subject to a subsequent Bayesian reasoning approach to rank them. The instances show that our approach can be used to diagnosis the conflicts, especially under the opening environment. The diagnosis approach we proposed in this paper can provide support for the co-evolution of Gene Ontology.

A unique control strategy based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is introduced to the Shell gasifier control system. Firstly, the gasifier control system structure is illustrated based on the analysis of gasifier process dynamics and its control targets. Then a decentralized ADRC-based gasifier control system is designed and the controller parameter tuning procedure is given. The interaction of control loops, the uncertainties in the plant and the ignored dynamics in modeling process are all regarded as the general disturbance, which can be estimated by Extended State Observer (ESO) and then actively compensated in real time. The performance of the proposed control strategy is tested on a Shell gasifier model by simulation experiments, and the Monte-Carlo method is also adopted to test the robustness of the control system. In comparison with the optimized PI controllers with probabilistic robustness, the simulation results show that the designed control system has advantages of better reference-tracking and disturbance-rejection capability, strong robustness and easy tuning procedure.

In order to achieve synchronous shift on heavy-duty AMT (Automated Mechanical Transmission) without synchronizer, shift process analysis based on three-phase induction motor is proposed in the paper. On the basis of analysis for the speed loss of the transmission output shaft during shift process, the synchronous shift control strategy for AMT without synchronizer driven by three-phase induction motor is put forward for both upshift and downshift program. Estimation algorithms of the load equivalent inertia and the load equivalent resistance torque at the transmission output shaft are proposed to best meet the synchronous shift control. In view of similarity between the start-up process of the vehicle and that of the belt conveyor, AMT without synchronizer based on three-phase induction motor is applied to driving the belt conveyor. Simulation results prove that the strategy of synchronous shift control is effective during upshift process and downshift process.

This As to the research on AspectJ in this context, after analyzing the Java program, AspectJ can realize the capture of the join points based on the Boolean or Compound expression and Process-Control in the Java program. The information includes: the time to judge the runtime condition of each join point as “true”; use of the logic AND (&&) to combine pointcuts; and use of the logic OR (||) to combine pointcuts; declaration of anonymous pointcut and reuse of pointcut;It also includes all join points from beginning in program control-flow and those in which initial one is not included.

For application of a single-sided linear induction motor (LIM) to an automatic picking system (APS), this paper presents a DSP-based robust position controller design using an integral sliding mode control (SMC) scheme. To operate a movable ejector in the APS with high precision and high dynamics, a high performance linear motor drive system is required. The force disturbance as well as the mechanical parameter variations such as the mass and friction coefficient influence directly on the position control performance of APS. To guarantee a robust control performance in the presence of such uncertainty, an integral SMC-based position controller is considered. A Simulink library is developed for the LIM dynamic model. The entire system is realized using DSP TMS320F28335 based controller for performance comparison. Using the comparative simulations based on Matlab – Simulink and experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified. As a result, the proposed scheme has a robust control nature and is most suitable for an implementation of the APS.